misc: various performance clean up (#844)

## Link to GitHub Issue or related Pull Request, if one exists
n/a

## Description of change

- Replace unnecessary precision timers with standard sleeps to reduce
wakeups and background CPU usage.
- Reuse buffers in raw input, touchscreen, and HID output paths to
eliminate steady-state allocations.
- Pre-index HID button groups and correctly process batched HID reports.

No functional changes.

## Testing

src/spice2x/api/modules/keypads.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 #include "keypads.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <functional>
+#include <thread>
 
 #include <windows.h>
 
 #include "avs/game.h"
 #include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 
 using namespace std::placeholders;
 using namespace rapidjson;
@@ -59,7 +60,6 @@ namespace api::modules {
         // get params
         auto keypad = req.params[0].GetUint();
         auto input = std::string(req.params[1].GetString());
-        timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
 
         // process all chars
         for (auto c : input) {
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ namespace api::modules {
 
             // set
             eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, state);
-            timer.sleep(sleep_time);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(sleep_time));
 
             // unset
             eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, 0);
-            timer.sleep(sleep_time);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(sleep_time));
         }
     }
 

src/spice2x/api/serial.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #include "controller.h"
 #include "serial.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <string>
+#include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 
 
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ namespace api {
         controller->init_state(this->state);
         this->thread = new std::thread([this] () {
             log_warning("api::serial", "listening on {} (baud: {})", this->port, this->baud);
-            timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
 
             // read buffer
             uint8_t read_buffer[16*1024];
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ namespace api {
 
                 // slow down on reconnect
                 if (this->running) {
-                    timer.sleep(retry_time);
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(retry_time));
                 }
             }
         });

src/spice2x/games/iidx/camera.cpp

@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
                         if (mediaTypePointer && mediaTypePointer->IsString()) {
                             std::string mediaType = mediaTypePointer->GetString();
                             if (mediaType.length() > 0) {
-                                camera->m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = mediaType;
+                                camera->SetSelectedMediaTypeDescription(mediaType);
                                 camera->m_useAutoMediaType = false;
                             } else {
                                 camera->m_useAutoMediaType = true;
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
                             std::string drawModeString = drawModePointer->GetString();
                             for (int j = 0; j < DRAW_MODE_SIZE; j++) {
                                 if (DRAW_MODE_LABELS[j].compare(drawModeString) == 0) {
-                                    camera->m_drawMode = (LocalCameraDrawMode) j;
+                                    camera->m_drawMode.store((LocalCameraDrawMode) j);
                                     break;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -556,12 +556,12 @@ namespace games::iidx {
                         // Flip
                         auto flipHorizontalPointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/FlipHorizontal").Get(doc);
                         if (flipHorizontalPointer && flipHorizontalPointer->IsBool()) {
-                            camera->m_flipHorizontal = flipHorizontalPointer->GetBool();
+                            camera->m_flipHorizontal.store(flipHorizontalPointer->GetBool());
                         }
 
                         auto flipVerticalPointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/FlipVertical").Get(doc);
                         if (flipVerticalPointer && flipVerticalPointer->IsBool()) {
-                            camera->m_flipVertical = flipVerticalPointer->GetBool();
+                            camera->m_flipVertical.store(flipVerticalPointer->GetBool());
                         }
 
                         // Allow manual control
@@ -625,15 +625,17 @@ namespace games::iidx {
             if (camera->m_useAutoMediaType) {
                 rapidjson::Pointer(root + "MediaType").Set(doc, "");
             } else {
-                rapidjson::Pointer(root + "MediaType").Set(doc, camera->m_selectedMediaTypeDescription);
+                const auto mediaTypeDescription = camera->GetSelectedMediaTypeDescription();
+                rapidjson::Pointer(root + "MediaType").Set(doc, mediaTypeDescription);
             }
 
             // Draw Mode
-            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "DrawMode").Set(doc, DRAW_MODE_LABELS[camera->m_drawMode]);
+            const auto drawMode = camera->m_drawMode.load();
+            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "DrawMode").Set(doc, DRAW_MODE_LABELS[drawMode]);
 
             // Flip
-            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "FlipHorizontal").Set(doc, camera->m_flipHorizontal);
+            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "FlipHorizontal").Set(doc, camera->m_flipHorizontal.load());
-            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "FlipVertical").Set(doc, camera->m_flipVertical);
+            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "FlipVertical").Set(doc, camera->m_flipVertical.load());
 
             // Manual control
             rapidjson::Pointer(root + "AllowManualControl").Set(doc, camera->m_allowManualControl);

src/spice2x/games/iidx/local_camera.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #if SPICE64 && !SPICE_XP
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <d3d9.h>
 #include <dxva2api.h>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -66,6 +67,8 @@ extern std::string CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[];
 extern std::string DRAW_MODE_LABELS[];
 
 namespace games::iidx {
+    class IIDXCameraSourceReaderCallback;
+
     namespace Camera {
         struct PlayVideoCamera {
             IDirect3DTexture9** d3d9_texture(const uintptr_t offset) {
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
 
     class IIDXLocalCamera {
     protected:
-        virtual ~IIDXLocalCamera() {};
+        virtual ~IIDXLocalCamera();
 
         LONG m_nRefCount;
         CRITICAL_SECTION m_critsec;
@@ -101,9 +104,14 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         // For reading frames from Camera
         IMFMediaSource *m_pSource = nullptr;
         IMFSourceReader *m_pSourceReader = nullptr;
+        IMFSourceReaderEx *m_pSourceReaderEx = nullptr;
+        IIDXCameraSourceReaderCallback *m_pSourceReaderCallback = nullptr;
+        std::mutex m_mediaTypeMutex;
+        IMFMediaType *m_pendingMediaType = nullptr;
+        int m_selectedMediaTypeIndex = 0;
+        std::string m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = "";
 
         // Camera Format information
-        double                  m_frameRate = 0;
         LONG                    m_cameraWidth;
         LONG                    m_cameraHeight;
 
@@ -129,6 +137,12 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_conversionTexture = nullptr;
         IDirect3DSurface9 *m_pConversionSurf = nullptr;
 
+        // upload surface for decoded camera frames returned in system memory
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *m_pDecodedSurf = nullptr;
+        GUID m_decodedSubtype = GUID_NULL;
+        GUID m_outputSubtype = GUID_NULL;
+        bool m_drawErrorLogged = false;
+
         // Texture for custom transform (e.g. horizontal flip)
         LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_transformTexture = nullptr;
         IDirect3DSurface9 *m_pTransformSurf = nullptr;
@@ -153,21 +167,19 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         BOOL m_initialized = false;
 
         // True if all the setup steps succeeded
-        BOOL m_active = false;
+        std::atomic_bool m_active = false;
 
         // Media type select
         std::vector<MediaTypeInfo> m_mediaTypeInfos = {};
-        int m_selectedMediaTypeIndex = 0;
         bool m_useAutoMediaType = true;
         IMFMediaType *m_pAutoMediaType = nullptr;
-        std::string m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = "";
         bool m_allowManualControl = false;
 
-        LocalCameraDrawMode m_drawMode = DrawModeCrop4_3;
+        std::atomic<LocalCameraDrawMode> m_drawMode = DrawModeCrop4_3;
 
         // Render processing
-        bool m_flipHorizontal = false;
+        std::atomic_bool m_flipHorizontal = false;
-        bool m_flipVertical = false;
+        std::atomic_bool m_flipVertical = false;
 
         IIDXLocalCamera(
             std::string name,
@@ -184,11 +196,14 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         HRESULT GetCameraControlProp(int index, CameraControlProp *pProp);
         HRESULT SetCameraControlProp(int index, long value, long flags);
         HRESULT ResetCameraControlProps();
-        HRESULT FlushDrawCommands();
         std::string GetName();
         std::string GetFriendlyName();
         std::string GetSymLink();
+        int GetSelectedMediaTypeIndex();
+        std::string GetSelectedMediaTypeDescription();
+        void SetSelectedMediaTypeDescription(const std::string &description);
         HRESULT ChangeMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType);
+        void RequestMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType);
         HRESULT StartCapture();
         void UpdateDrawRect();
 
@@ -197,12 +212,22 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         void CreateThread();
         MediaTypeInfo GetMediaTypeInfo(IMFMediaType *pType);
         std::string GetVideoFormatName(GUID subtype);
-        HRESULT TryMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType, UINT32 *pBestWidth, double *pBestFrameRate);
+        static bool CompareMediaTypes(const MediaTypeInfo &a, const MediaTypeInfo &b);
+        bool MatchesPreferredAspect(const MediaTypeInfo &info) const;
+        static bool IsBetterAutoType(const MediaTypeInfo &candidate, const MediaTypeInfo &current);
+        IMFMediaType *FindBestNativeAutoType(bool requirePreferredAspect) const;
+        IMFMediaType *FindBestAutoType(const GUID &subtype, bool requirePreferredAspect) const;
+        HRESULT ValidateMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType);
         HRESULT InitTargetTexture();
+        HRESULT EnsureTransformTextures();
         HRESULT InitCameraControl();
+        void SetSelectedMediaType(int index, const std::string &description);
+        bool HasPendingMediaType();
+        HRESULT ApplyPendingMediaType();
+        HRESULT UploadDecodedSample(IMFMediaBuffer *pSrcBuffer);
         HRESULT DrawSample(IMFMediaBuffer *pSrcBuffer);
         HRESULT ReadSample();
-        LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 Render();
+        HRESULT Render();
     };
 }
 

src/spice2x/games/iidx/mf_wrappers.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         _In_ UINT32 cInitialSize
         );
 
+    typedef HRESULT (__stdcall * MFCreateMediaType_t)(
+        _Out_ IMFMediaType** ppMFType
+        );
+
     typedef HRESULT (__stdcall * MFEnumDeviceSources_t)(
         _In_ IMFAttributes* pAttributes,
         _Outptr_result_buffer_(*pcSourceActivate) IMFActivate*** pppSourceActivate,
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         );
 
     static MFCreateAttributes_t MFCreateAttributes = nullptr;
+    static MFCreateMediaType_t MFCreateMediaType = nullptr;
     static MFEnumDeviceSources_t MFEnumDeviceSources = nullptr;
     static MFCreateSourceReaderFromMediaSource_t MFCreateSourceReaderFromMediaSource = nullptr;
     static MFGetService_t MFGetService = nullptr;
@@ -66,6 +71,12 @@ namespace games::iidx {
             log_fatal("mf_wrappers", "MFCreateAttributes failed to hook");
         }
 
+        MFCreateMediaType = (MFCreateMediaType_t)
+            libutils::get_proc(mfplat_dll, "MFCreateMediaType");
+        if (!MFCreateMediaType) {
+            log_fatal("mf_wrappers", "MFCreateMediaType failed to hook");
+        }
+
         MFEnumDeviceSources = (MFEnumDeviceSources_t)
             libutils::get_proc(mf_dll, "MFEnumDeviceSources");
         if (!MFEnumDeviceSources) {
@@ -92,6 +103,11 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         return MFCreateAttributes(ppMFAttributes, cInitialSize);
     }
 
+    HRESULT WrappedMFCreateMediaType (
+        _Out_ IMFMediaType** ppMFType) {
+        return MFCreateMediaType(ppMFType);
+    }
+
     HRESULT WrappedMFEnumDeviceSources (
         _In_ IMFAttributes* pAttributes,
         _Outptr_result_buffer_(*pcSourceActivate) IMFActivate*** pppSourceActivate,

src/spice2x/games/iidx/mf_wrappers.h

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         _Out_ IMFAttributes** ppMFAttributes,
         _In_ UINT32 cInitialSize);
 
+    HRESULT WrappedMFCreateMediaType (
+        _Out_ IMFMediaType** ppMFType);
+
     HRESULT WrappedMFEnumDeviceSources (
         _In_ IMFAttributes* pAttributes,
         _Outptr_result_buffer_(*pcSourceActivate) IMFActivate*** pppSourceActivate,

src/spice2x/games/iidx/poke.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "poke.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <thread>
 
 #include "windows.h"
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "touch/native/inject.h"
 #include "touch/touch.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 
 namespace games::iidx::poke {
 
@@ -125,8 +125,6 @@ namespace games::iidx::poke {
         // create new thread
         THREAD_RUNNING = true;
         THREAD = new std::thread([] {
-            timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
-
             // log
             log_info("poke", "enabled");
 
@@ -198,7 +196,7 @@ namespace games::iidx::poke {
                 }
 
                 // slow down
-                timer.sleep(50);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
             }
 
             if (!touch_points.empty()) {

src/spice2x/games/nost/poke.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "poke.h"
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <optional>
 #include <thread>
 
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "touch/native/inject.h"
 #include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 
 namespace games::nost::poke {
 
@@ -68,8 +68,6 @@ namespace games::nost::poke {
         // create new thread
         THREAD_RUNNING = true;
         THREAD = new std::thread([] {
-            timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
-
             const int swipe_anim_total_frames = 6;
             const int swipe_anim_y = 300;
 
@@ -194,7 +192,7 @@ namespace games::nost::poke {
                 }
 
                 // slow down
-                timer.sleep(30);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
             }
 
             if (contact_active) {

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/null_discard_backend.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
 
 #include "hooks/audio/util.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 
 NullDiscardBackend::~NullDiscardBackend() {
     this->running = false;
@@ -125,8 +125,6 @@ HRESULT NullDiscardBackend::on_release_buffer(uint32_t, DWORD) {
 void NullDiscardBackend::pace_loop() {
     using namespace std::chrono;
 
-    timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
-
     // audio is discarded, so timing precision and drift do not matter; just wake the
     // game once per buffer period to keep its render thread from blocking on the event.
     const auto period = duration_cast<steady_clock::duration>(
@@ -136,6 +134,6 @@ void NullDiscardBackend::pace_loop() {
         if (this->relay_handle) {
             SetEvent(this->relay_handle);
         }
-        timer.sleep(period);
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(period);
     }
 }

src/spice2x/misc/eamuse.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "eamuse.h"
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <thread>
 
@@ -10,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
 #include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 #include "util/time.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 #include "overlay/overlay.h"
@@ -335,7 +335,6 @@ void eamuse_coin_start_thread() {
     COIN_INPUT_THREAD = new std::thread([]() {
         auto overlay_buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
         static bool COIN_INPUT_KEY_STATE = false;
-        timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
         while (COIN_INPUT_THREAD_ACTIVE) {
 
             // check input key
@@ -355,7 +354,7 @@ void eamuse_coin_start_thread() {
             }
 
             // once every two frames
-            timer.sleep(1000 / 30);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000 / 30));
         }
     });
 }
@@ -409,7 +408,6 @@ void eamuse_pin_macro_start_thread() {
         size_t pin_index[2] = {PIN_MACRO_VALUES[0].length(), PIN_MACRO_VALUES[1].length()};
 
         std::optional<uint8_t> active_unit = std::nullopt;
-        timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
 
         while (PIN_MACRO_THREAD_ACTIVE) {
             // wait for key press or auto-trigger
@@ -438,7 +436,7 @@ void eamuse_pin_macro_start_thread() {
                 }
 
                 if (!active_unit.has_value()) {
-                    timer.sleep(20);
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20));
                     continue;
                 }
             }
@@ -454,22 +452,22 @@ void eamuse_pin_macro_start_thread() {
                     eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(unit, keypad_overrides[char_index]);
                 }
                 pin_index[unit]++;
-                timer.sleep(100);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
 
                 // clear
                 eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(unit, 0);
-                timer.sleep(50);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
 
                 // end of PIN
                 if (pin_index[unit] == PIN_MACRO_VALUES[unit].length()) {
                     active_unit = std::nullopt;
-                    timer.sleep(120);
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(120));
                 }
 
                 continue;
             }
 
-            timer.sleep(200);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(200));
         }
     });
 }

src/spice2x/misc/wintouchemu.cpp

@@ -495,6 +495,14 @@ namespace wintouchemu {
         if (hWnd != nullptr && USE_MOUSE) {
             bool button_pressed = get_async_primary_mouse();
 
+            // while the subscreen overlay cannot accept the mouse, treat the button as
+            // released; this ends any active touch and prevents new mouse touch contacts
+            if (overlay::OVERLAY &&
+                overlay::OVERLAY->has_subscreen_touch_transform() &&
+                !overlay::OVERLAY->accepts_subscreen_mouse_input()) {
+                button_pressed = false;
+            }
+
             // if there was a touch event in the last 500 ms, don't insert new button presses
             if (button_pressed && (now - last_touch_event) < 500) {
                 button_pressed = false;

src/spice2x/overlay/overlay.cpp

@@ -908,6 +908,17 @@ bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::get_active() {
     return this->active;
 }
 
+bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::is_subscreen_overlay_visible() {
+    return this->get_active() &&
+        this->window_sub != nullptr &&
+        this->window_sub->get_active();
+}
+
+bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::accepts_subscreen_mouse_input() {
+    return this->is_subscreen_overlay_visible() &&
+        this->window_sub->is_mouse_hovered();
+}
+
 bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::has_focus() {
     return this->get_active() && ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow);
 }

src/spice2x/overlay/overlay.h

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         void show_main_menu();
         void set_active(bool active);
         bool get_active();
+        bool accepts_subscreen_mouse_input();
         bool has_focus();
         bool hotkeys_triggered();
 
@@ -143,20 +144,20 @@ namespace overlay {
             return this->hWnd;
         }
 
-        bool can_transform_touch_input() {
+        bool has_subscreen_touch_transform() {
-            return (this->subscreen_mouse_handler != nullptr);
+            return (this->subscreen_touch_transform != nullptr);
         }
 
         bool transform_touch_point(LONG *x, LONG *y) {
-            if (this->get_active() && this->subscreen_mouse_handler) {
+            if (this->get_active() && this->subscreen_touch_transform) {
-                return this->subscreen_mouse_handler(x, y);
+                return this->subscreen_touch_transform(x, y);
             } else {
                 return true;
             }
         }
 
-        void set_subscreen_mouse_handler(const std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> &f) {
+        void set_subscreen_touch_transform(const std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> &f) {
-            this->subscreen_mouse_handler = f;
+            this->subscreen_touch_transform = f;
         }
 
         // renderer
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ namespace overlay {
 
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Window>> windows;
 
-        std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> subscreen_mouse_handler = nullptr;
+        std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> subscreen_touch_transform = nullptr;
 
         bool active = false;
         bool toggle_down = false;
@@ -216,6 +217,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         // so render() never runs without a matching NewFrame.
         bool has_pending_frame = false;
 
+        bool is_subscreen_overlay_visible();
         void init();
         void add_font(const char* font, ImFontConfig* config, const ImWchar* glyphs);
     };

src/spice2x/overlay/window.cpp

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ void overlay::Window::build() {
 
     // check if active
     if (!this->active) {
+        this->mouse_hovered = false;
         return;
     }
 
@@ -106,10 +107,18 @@ void overlay::Window::build() {
         // top spot. suppress that so only an explicit focus request (see below)
         // decides what comes to the front.
         const std::string window_id = this->title + "###" + to_string(this);
-        if (ImGui::Begin(
+        const bool build_contents = ImGui::Begin(
                 window_id.c_str(),
                 &this->active,
-                this->flags | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing)) {
+                this->flags | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing);
+
+        // keep the window hovered while its invisible input button is held during a drag
+        this->mouse_hovered =
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(
+                ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootAndChildWindows |
+                ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem);
+
+        if (build_contents) {
 
             // window attributes - init_pos / init_size are only honored once
             // (ImGuiCond_Once), so compute them a single time instead of every frame
@@ -154,6 +163,9 @@ void overlay::Window::build() {
 
     } else {
 
+        // raw content does not have an ImGui window to hover
+        this->mouse_hovered = false;
+
         // add raw content
         this->build_content();
     }
@@ -201,3 +213,7 @@ bool overlay::Window::get_active() {
     // now it depends on us
     return this->active;
 }
+
+bool overlay::Window::is_mouse_hovered() {
+    return this->mouse_hovered;
+}

src/spice2x/overlay/window.h

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         void toggle_active();
         void set_active(bool active);
         bool get_active();
+        bool is_mouse_hovered();
 
         // raise this window to the top of the z-order on its next build. only
         // call in response to an explicit user action (keyboard toggle, UI
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         // set when the window transitions to visible so build() raises it to the
         // top of the z-order on the next frame
         bool request_focus = false;
+        bool mouse_hovered = false;
         std::vector<Window*> children;
 
         // settings

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/camera_control.cpp

@@ -82,9 +82,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         ImGui::Text("Rendering");
 
         // Media Type Selector
-        int selectedMediaTypeIndex = selectedCamera->m_selectedMediaTypeIndex;
+        int selectedMediaTypeIndex = selectedCamera->GetSelectedMediaTypeIndex();
         auto numMediaTypes = selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.size();
 
+        if (numMediaTypes == 0) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f), "%s", "No supported media types");
+            return;
+        }
+
         auto selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged = ImGui::BeginCombo(
             "Media Type", selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(selectedMediaTypeIndex).description.c_str()
         );
@@ -103,9 +108,9 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             ImGui::EndCombo();
         }
 
-        if (selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged && selectedMediaTypeIndex != selectedCamera->m_selectedMediaTypeIndex) {
+        if (selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged && selectedMediaTypeIndex != selectedCamera->GetSelectedMediaTypeIndex()) {
             selectedCamera->m_useAutoMediaType = false;
-            selectedCamera->ChangeMediaType(selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(selectedMediaTypeIndex).p_mediaType);
+            selectedCamera->RequestMediaType(selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(selectedMediaTypeIndex).p_mediaType);
         }
 
         // Auto media type
@@ -114,13 +119,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         if (ImGui::Checkbox("Auto##MediaType", &isAutoMediaType)) {
             selectedCamera->m_useAutoMediaType = isAutoMediaType;
             if (isAutoMediaType) {
-                selectedCamera->ChangeMediaType(selectedCamera->m_pAutoMediaType);
+                selectedCamera->RequestMediaType(selectedCamera->m_pAutoMediaType);
             }
         }
 
         // Draw mode
-        int selectedDrawModeIndex = selectedCamera->m_drawMode;
+        const auto drawMode = selectedCamera->m_drawMode.load();
-        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Draw Mode", DRAW_MODE_LABELS[selectedCamera->m_drawMode].c_str())) {
+        int selectedDrawModeIndex = drawMode;
+        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Draw Mode", DRAW_MODE_LABELS[drawMode].c_str())) {
             for (size_t i = 0; i < DRAW_MODE_SIZE; i++) {
                 const bool is_selected = (selectedDrawModeIndex == (int) i);
                 if (ImGui::Selectable(DRAW_MODE_LABELS[i].c_str(), is_selected)) {
@@ -142,15 +148,25 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             "Letterbox to 4:3: Like Letterbox, but target 4:3"
             );
 
-        if (selectedDrawModeIndex != selectedCamera->m_drawMode) {
+        if (selectedDrawModeIndex != selectedCamera->m_drawMode.load()) {
-            selectedCamera->m_drawMode = (LocalCameraDrawMode)selectedDrawModeIndex;
+            selectedCamera->m_drawMode.store((LocalCameraDrawMode)selectedDrawModeIndex);
             selectedCamera->UpdateDrawRect();
         }
 
         ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
-        ImGui::Checkbox("Horizontal Flip", &selectedCamera->m_flipHorizontal);
+        bool flipHorizontal = selectedCamera->m_flipHorizontal.load();
+        if (ImGui::Checkbox("Horizontal Flip", &flipHorizontal)) {
+            selectedCamera->m_flipHorizontal.store(flipHorizontal);
+        }
         ImGui::SameLine();
-        ImGui::Checkbox("Vertical Flip", &selectedCamera->m_flipVertical);
+        bool flipVertical = selectedCamera->m_flipVertical.load();
+        if (ImGui::Checkbox("Vertical Flip", &flipVertical)) {
+            selectedCamera->m_flipVertical.store(flipVertical);
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker(
+            "Flips are done by the CPU and can be very expensive, potentially causing frame drops! "
+            "Prefer to use camera's built-in flip if available.");
 
         // Camera control parameters
         ImGui::Separator();

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/generic_sub.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         this->texture_width = 0;
         this->texture_height = 0;
 
-        overlay->set_subscreen_mouse_handler([this](LONG *x, LONG *y) -> bool {
+        overlay->set_subscreen_touch_transform([this](LONG *x, LONG *y) -> bool {
             // convert to normalized form (relative window coordinates 0.f-1.f)
             ImVec2 xy;
 

src/spice2x/rawinput/device.h

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
-#include <map>
 
 #include <windows.h>
 
@@ -103,6 +102,13 @@ namespace rawinput {
         std::vector<HIDTouchPoint> touch_points;
     };
 
+    struct HIDButtonInputGroup {
+        USAGE usage_page;
+        USHORT link_collection;
+        std::vector<size_t> cap_indices;
+        std::vector<USAGE> usages;
+    };
+
     struct DeviceHIDInfo {
         HANDLE handle;
         _HIDP_CAPS caps;
@@ -125,11 +131,12 @@ namespace rawinput {
 
         std::vector<std::vector<bool>> button_states;
         std::vector<std::vector<double>> button_up, button_down;
+        std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> button_report_states;
         std::vector<std::vector<bool>> button_output_states;
-
+        std::vector<HIDButtonInputGroup> button_input_groups;
-        // key: usage page, link collection
+        std::vector<CHAR> output_report;
-        // value: number of buttons for that key (combine ranges and nonranges)
+        std::vector<USAGE> button_output_usages;
-        std::map<std::pair<USAGE, ULONG>, ULONG> button_usage_pages;
+        std::vector<USAGE> button_output_usages_off;
 
         std::vector<float> value_states;
         std::vector<LONG> value_states_raw;

src/spice2x/rawinput/rawinput.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #include "rawinput.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cstdarg>
+#include <map>
+#include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -9,7 +13,6 @@
 
 #include "util/logging.h"
 #include "external/robin_hood.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 #include "util/time.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 
@@ -169,9 +172,8 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::input_hwnd_create() {
     });
 
     // wait for window creation being done
-    timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
     while (!this->input_hwnd) {
-        timer.sleep(1);
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
     }
 }
 
@@ -439,7 +441,9 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_rawinput(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST *device
             std::vector<std::string> button_caps_names;
             std::vector<std::vector<bool>> button_states;
             std::vector<std::vector<double>> button_up, button_down;
-            std::map<std::pair<USAGE, ULONG>, ULONG> button_usage_pages;
+            std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> button_report_states;
+            std::vector<HIDButtonInputGroup> button_input_groups;
+            std::map<std::pair<USAGE, ULONG>, size_t> button_input_group_indices;
             for (int button_cap_num = 0; button_cap_num < button_cap_length; button_cap_num++) {
                 auto &button_caps = button_cap_data[button_cap_num];
 
@@ -458,7 +462,7 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_rawinput(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST *device
                 int button_count = button_caps.Range.UsageMax - button_caps.Range.UsageMin + 1;
 
                 // ignore bad ranges reported by bad devices
-                if (button_count >= 0xffff) {
+                if (button_count <= 0 || button_count >= 0xffff) {
                     log_warning("rawinput", "skipping bad button cap range for device {}, range [{}, {}]",
                         device_name,
                         button_caps.Range.UsageMin,
@@ -467,11 +471,30 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_rawinput(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST *device
                 }
 
                 // fill vectors
+                const size_t cap_index = button_caps_list.size();
                 button_caps_list.emplace_back(button_caps);
                 button_states.emplace_back(std::vector<bool>(static_cast<unsigned int>(button_count), false));
                 button_up.emplace_back(std::vector<double>(static_cast<unsigned int>(button_count), 0.0));
                 button_down.emplace_back(std::vector<double>(static_cast<unsigned int>(button_count), 0.0));
-                button_usage_pages[std::make_pair(button_caps.UsagePage, button_caps.LinkCollection)] += button_count;
+                button_report_states.emplace_back(static_cast<size_t>(button_count), 0);
+
+                const auto group_key = std::make_pair(
+                        button_caps.UsagePage,
+                        static_cast<ULONG>(button_caps.LinkCollection));
+                auto [group_it, inserted] = button_input_group_indices.try_emplace(
+                        group_key,
+                        button_input_groups.size());
+                if (inserted) {
+                    button_input_groups.emplace_back(HIDButtonInputGroup {
+                        .usage_page = button_caps.UsagePage,
+                        .link_collection = button_caps.LinkCollection,
+                        .cap_indices = {},
+                        .usages = {},
+                    });
+                }
+                auto &input_group = button_input_groups[group_it->second];
+                input_group.cap_indices.push_back(cap_index);
+                input_group.usages.resize(input_group.usages.size() + button_count);
 
                 // names
                 for (USAGE usg = button_caps.Range.UsageMin; usg <= button_caps.Range.UsageMax; usg++) {
@@ -512,7 +535,7 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_rawinput(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST *device
                 int button_count = button_caps.Range.UsageMax - button_caps.Range.UsageMin + 1;
 
                 // ignore bad ranges reported by bad devices
-                if (button_count >= 0xffff) {
+                if (button_count <= 0 || button_count >= 0xffff) {
                     log_warning("rawinput", "skipping bad button output cap range for device {}, range [{}, {}]",
                         device_name,
                         button_caps.Range.UsageMin,
@@ -800,8 +823,18 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_rawinput(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST *device
             new_device.hidInfo->button_states = std::move(button_states);
             new_device.hidInfo->button_up = std::move(button_up);
             new_device.hidInfo->button_down = std::move(button_down);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_report_states = std::move(button_report_states);
             new_device.hidInfo->button_output_states = std::move(button_output_states);
-            new_device.hidInfo->button_usage_pages = std::move(button_usage_pages);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_input_groups = std::move(button_input_groups);
+            new_device.hidInfo->output_report.resize(caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+            size_t max_button_output_count = 0;
+            for (const auto &button_output_state : new_device.hidInfo->button_output_states) {
+                if (button_output_state.size() > max_button_output_count) {
+                    max_button_output_count = button_output_state.size();
+                }
+            }
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_output_usages.reserve(max_button_output_count);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_output_usages_off.reserve(max_button_output_count);
             new_device.hidInfo->value_states = std::move(value_states);
             new_device.hidInfo->value_states_raw = std::move(value_states_raw);
             new_device.hidInfo->value_output_states = std::move(value_output_states);
@@ -1573,11 +1606,17 @@ LRESULT CALLBACK rawinput::RawInputManager::input_wnd_proc(
             if (!data_size) {
                 break;
             }
-            std::shared_ptr<RAWINPUT> data((RAWINPUT *) new char[data_size]{});
+            thread_local std::vector<RAWINPUT> data_buffer;
+            const size_t data_count =
+                (data_size + sizeof(RAWINPUT) - 1) / sizeof(RAWINPUT);
+            if (data_buffer.size() < data_count) {
+                data_buffer.resize(data_count);
+            }
+            auto data = data_buffer.data();
             if (GetRawInputData(
                     (HRAWINPUT) lParam,
                     RID_INPUT,
-                    data.get(),
+                    data,
                     &data_size,
                     sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER)) != data_size) {
                 break;
@@ -1791,17 +1830,13 @@ LRESULT CALLBACK rawinput::RawInputManager::input_wnd_proc(
                                     + (size_t) hid_report_index * data_hid.dwSizeHid;
 
                             // parse reports
-                            for (const auto &pair : device.hidInfo->button_usage_pages) {
+                            for (auto &input_group : device.hidInfo->button_input_groups) {
-                                const auto usage_page = pair.first.first;
+                                auto &usages = input_group.usages;
-                                const auto link_collection = pair.first.second;
+                                ULONG usages_length = static_cast<ULONG>(usages.size());
-                                const auto button_count = pair.second;
-
-                                ULONG usages_length = button_count;
-                                std::vector<USAGE> usages(static_cast<size_t>(usages_length));
                                 if (HidP_GetUsages(
                                         HidP_Input,
-                                        usage_page,
+                                        input_group.usage_page,
-                                        link_collection,
+                                        input_group.link_collection,
                                         usages.data(),
                                         &usages_length,
                                         reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(device.hidInfo->preparsed_data.get()),
@@ -1819,29 +1854,22 @@ LRESULT CALLBACK rawinput::RawInputManager::input_wnd_proc(
                                 // log_info(
                                 //     "rawinput",
                                 //     "processing HID input for device {}, usage page {:x} and link collection {:x} with {} buttons, got {} reports",
-                                //     device.desc,
+                                //     device.desc, input_group.usage_page,
-                                //     usage_page, link_collection, button_count, usages_length);
+                                //     input_group.link_collection, usages.size(), usages_length);
 
                                 // buttons
-                                for (size_t cap_num = 0; cap_num < device.hidInfo->button_caps_list.size(); cap_num++) {
+                                for (const size_t cap_num : input_group.cap_indices) {
                                     auto &button_caps = device.hidInfo->button_caps_list[cap_num];
                                     auto &button_states = device.hidInfo->button_states[cap_num];
                                     auto &button_down = device.hidInfo->button_down[cap_num];
                                     auto &button_up = device.hidInfo->button_up[cap_num];
-
+                                    auto &new_states = device.hidInfo->button_report_states[cap_num];
-                                    // is this the right usage page and link collection?
-                                    if (button_caps.UsagePage != usage_page || button_caps.LinkCollection != link_collection) {
-                                        continue;
-                                    }
 
                                     // get button count
                                     int button_count = button_caps.Range.UsageMax - button_caps.Range.UsageMin + 1;
-                                    if (button_count <= 0) {
-                                        continue;
-                                    }
 
                                     // update buttons
-                                    std::vector<bool> new_states(button_count);
+                                    std::fill(new_states.begin(), new_states.end(), 0);
                                     for (ULONG usage_num = 0; usage_num < usages_length; usage_num++) {
                                         if (usages[usage_num] < button_caps.Range.UsageMin ||
                                             usages[usage_num] > button_caps.Range.UsageMax) {
@@ -1852,17 +1880,18 @@ LRESULT CALLBACK rawinput::RawInputManager::input_wnd_proc(
 
                                         // guard against some buggy device sending an event for a usage below UsageMin
                                         if (usage < button_count) {
-                                            new_states[usage] = true;
+                                            new_states[usage] = 1;
                                         }
                                     }
                                     for (int button_num = 0; button_num < button_count; button_num++) {
-                                        if (!new_states[button_num] && button_states[button_num]) {
+                                        const bool new_state = new_states[button_num] != 0;
+                                        if (!new_state && button_states[button_num]) {
                                             device.updated = true;
-                                            button_states[button_num] = new_states[button_num];
+                                            button_states[button_num] = new_state;
                                             button_down[button_num] = input_time;
-                                        } else if (new_states[button_num] && !button_states[button_num]) {
+                                        } else if (new_state && !button_states[button_num]) {
                                             device.updated = true;
-                                            button_states[button_num] = new_states[button_num];
+                                            button_states[button_num] = new_state;
                                             button_up[button_num] = input_time;
                                         }
                                     }
@@ -2017,8 +2046,10 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::device_write_output(Device *device, bool only_up
             switch (hid->driver) {
                 case HIDDriver::Default: {
 
-                    // allocate report
+                    auto &report_data = hid->output_report;
-                    CHAR *report_data = new CHAR[hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength] {};
+                    auto &usage_list = hid->button_output_usages;
+                    auto &usage_off_list = hid->button_output_usages_off;
+                    std::fill(report_data.begin(), report_data.end(), 0);
 
                     // set buttons
                     for (size_t cap_no = 0; cap_no < hid->button_output_caps_list.size(); cap_no++) {
@@ -2026,10 +2057,8 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::device_write_output(Device *device, bool only_up
                         auto &button_state_list = hid->button_output_states[cap_no];
 
                         // determine which buttons to turn on
-                        std::vector<USAGE> usage_list;
+                        usage_list.clear();
-                        std::vector<USAGE> usage_off_list;
+                        usage_off_list.clear();
-                        usage_list.reserve(button_state_list.size());
-                        usage_off_list.reserve(button_state_list.size());
                         for (size_t state_no = 0; state_no < button_state_list.size(); state_no++) {
                             if (button_state_list[state_no]) {
                                 usage_list.push_back(button_cap.Range.UsageMin + (USAGE) state_no);
@@ -2044,15 +2073,18 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::device_write_output(Device *device, bool only_up
                                        HidP_Output,
                                        button_cap.UsagePage,
                                        button_cap.LinkCollection,
-                                       &usage_list[0],
+                                       usage_list.data(),
                                        &usage_list_length,
                                        reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(hid->preparsed_data.get()),
-                                       report_data,
+                                       report_data.data(),
                                        hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength) == HIDP_STATUS_INCOMPATIBLE_REPORT_ID) {
 
                             // flush report
-                            HidD_SetOutputReport(hid->handle, report_data, hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                            HidD_SetOutputReport(
-                            memset(report_data, 0, hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                                    hid->handle,
+                                    report_data.data(),
+                                    hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                            std::fill(report_data.begin(), report_data.end(), 0);
                         }
 
                         // clear the buttons
@@ -2061,22 +2093,22 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::device_write_output(Device *device, bool only_up
                                        HidP_Output,
                                        button_cap.UsagePage,
                                        button_cap.LinkCollection,
-                                       &usage_off_list[0],
+                                       usage_off_list.data(),
                                        &usage_off_list_length,
                                        reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(hid->preparsed_data.get()),
-                                       report_data,
+                                       report_data.data(),
                                        hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength) == HIDP_STATUS_INCOMPATIBLE_REPORT_ID) {
 
                             // flush report
                             DWORD written_bytes = 0;
                             WriteFile(
                                     hid->handle,
-                                    reinterpret_cast<void *>(report_data),
+                                    report_data.data(),
                                     hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength,
                                     &written_bytes,
                                     nullptr
                             );
-                            memset(report_data, 0, hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                            std::fill(report_data.begin(), report_data.end(), 0);
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -2105,19 +2137,19 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::device_write_output(Device *device, bool only_up
                                 value_cap.NotRange.Usage,
                                 static_cast<ULONG>(usage_value),
                                 reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(hid->preparsed_data.get()),
-                                report_data,
+                                report_data.data(),
                                 hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength) == HIDP_STATUS_INCOMPATIBLE_REPORT_ID) {
 
                             // flush report
                             DWORD written_bytes = 0;
                             WriteFile(
                                     hid->handle,
-                                    reinterpret_cast<void *>(report_data),
+                                    report_data.data(),
                                     hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength,
                                     &written_bytes,
                                     nullptr
                             );
-                            memset(report_data, 0, hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                            std::fill(report_data.begin(), report_data.end(), 0);
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -2151,15 +2183,12 @@ void rawinput::RawInputManager::device_write_output(Device *device, bool only_up
                     DWORD written_bytes = 0;
                     WriteFile(
                             hid->handle,
-                            reinterpret_cast<void *>(report_data),
+                            report_data.data(),
                             hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength,
                             &written_bytes,
                             nullptr
                     );
 
-                    // delete report
-                    delete[] report_data;
-
                     break;
                 }
                 case HIDDriver::PacDrive: {

src/spice2x/rawinput/touch.cpp

@@ -319,7 +319,8 @@ namespace rawinput::touch {
         }
 
         // iterate all input data and get touch points
-        std::vector<HIDTouchPoint> touch_points;
+        thread_local std::vector<HIDTouchPoint> touch_points;
+        touch_points.clear();
         touch_points.reserve(touch.elements_x.size());
         for (size_t i = 0; i < touch.elements_x.size(); i++) {
 
@@ -424,9 +425,15 @@ namespace rawinput::touch {
         }
 
         // process touch points
-        std::vector<DWORD> touch_removes;
+        thread_local std::vector<DWORD> touch_removes;
-        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_writes;
+        thread_local std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_writes;
-        std::vector<DWORD> touch_modifications;
+        thread_local std::vector<DWORD> touch_modifications;
+        touch_removes.clear();
+        touch_writes.clear();
+        touch_modifications.clear();
+        touch_removes.reserve(touch.touch_points.size() + touch_points.size());
+        touch_writes.reserve(touch_points.size());
+        touch_modifications.reserve(touch_points.size());
 
         // drop every touch point with the given id (marking it as released)
         auto remove_touch_point = [&] (DWORD id) {
@@ -581,7 +588,9 @@ namespace rawinput::touch {
         auto deadline = get_system_milliseconds() - 50;
 
         // check touch points
-        std::vector<DWORD> touch_removes;
+        thread_local std::vector<DWORD> touch_removes;
+        touch_removes.clear();
+        touch_removes.reserve(touch.touch_points.size());
         auto touch_it = touch.touch_points.begin();
         while (touch_it != touch.touch_points.end()) {
             auto &hid_tp = *touch_it;

src/spice2x/reader/reader.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #include "reader.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <thread>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "util/logging.h"
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 #include "structuredmessage.h"
 
@@ -218,8 +218,6 @@ bool Reader::set_comm_state(DWORD BaudRate) {
 }
 
 bool Reader::wait_for_handshake() {
-    timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
-
     // baud rates
     DWORD baud_rates[] = { CBR_57600, CBR_38400, CBR_19200, CBR_9600 };
 
@@ -270,7 +268,7 @@ bool Reader::wait_for_handshake() {
             }
 
             // sleep
-            timer.sleep(50);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
         }
 
         log_warning("reader", "{}: no handshake received for {} baud", this->port, baud_rates[i]);
@@ -407,7 +405,6 @@ void start_reader_thread(const std::string &port, int id) {
     READER_THREAD_RUNNING = true;
     READER_THREADS.push_back(new std::thread([port, id]() {
         log_info("reader", "{}: starting reader thread", port);
-        timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
 
         while (READER_THREAD_RUNNING) {
 
@@ -445,22 +442,21 @@ void start_reader_thread(const std::string &port, int id) {
                     }
 
                     if (did_read_card) {
-                        timer.sleep(2500);
+                        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2500));
                     }
 
-                    timer.sleep(20);
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20));
                 }
             }
 
             // sleep between reader connection retries
             if (READER_THREAD_RUNNING)
-                timer.sleep(5000);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(5000));
         }
     }));
 
     // wait for thread to start
-    timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
-    timer.sleep(10);
 }
 
 void stop_reader_thread() {

src/spice2x/touch/native/inject_mouse.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace nativetouch::inject {
         }
 
         POINT transformed = *position;
-        return transform::screen_to_game(window, &transformed);
+        return transform::mouse_to_game(window, &transformed);
     }
 
     // release the active injected contact and its window capture
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace nativetouch::inject {
         }
 
         POINT transformed = position;
-        if (!transform::screen_to_game(window, &transformed)) {
+        if (!transform::mouse_to_game(window, &transformed)) {
             end_mouse_contact(window);
             return;
         }

src/spice2x/touch/native/transform.cpp

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace nativetouch::transform {
     static bool has_active_overlay_transform() {
         return overlay::OVERLAY != nullptr &&
             overlay::OVERLAY->get_active() &&
-            overlay::OVERLAY->can_transform_touch_input();
+            overlay::OVERLAY->has_subscreen_touch_transform();
     }
 
     static bool transform_overlay_touch_position(POINT *position) {
@@ -120,6 +120,25 @@ namespace nativetouch::transform {
         return transform_overlay_touch_position(position);
     }
 
+    bool mouse_to_game(HWND window, POINT *position) {
+
+        // exception: iidx tdj dedicated subscreen window is allowed
+        if (is_tdj_dedicated_subscreen(window)) {
+            return screen_to_game(window, position);
+        }
+
+        // if this game has a subscreen overlay that can transform touch input
+        // but the window is hidden or not under the cursor, reject mouse-as-touch
+        // (e.g., iidx/sdvx are rejected here, but nostalgia is allowed)
+        if (overlay::OVERLAY != nullptr &&
+            overlay::OVERLAY->has_subscreen_touch_transform() &&
+            !overlay::OVERLAY->accepts_subscreen_mouse_input()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return screen_to_game(window, position);
+    }
+
     // route hardware screen coordinates through dedicated or overlay mapping and report the result
     Result hardware_to_game(POINT *position) {
         const auto dedicated_subscreen = is_tdj_dedicated_subscreen(TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);

src/spice2x/touch/native/transform.h

@@ -12,5 +12,6 @@ namespace nativetouch::transform {
     bool is_tdj_dedicated_subscreen(HWND window);
     bool game_to_screen(HWND window, POINT *position);
     bool screen_to_game(HWND window, POINT *position);
+    bool mouse_to_game(HWND window, POINT *position);
     Result hardware_to_game(POINT *position);
 }

src/spice2x/touch/touch.cpp

@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ void touch_get_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> &touch_points, bool overlay) {
     if (!overlay &&
         overlay::OVERLAY &&
         overlay::OVERLAY->get_active() &&
-        !overlay::OVERLAY->can_transform_touch_input() &&
+        !overlay::OVERLAY->has_subscreen_touch_transform() &&
         ImGui::GetIO().WantCaptureMouse) {
 
         return;
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ void touch_get_events(std::vector<TouchEvent> &touch_events, bool overlay) {
     if (!overlay &&
         overlay::OVERLAY &&
         overlay::OVERLAY->get_active() &&
-        !overlay::OVERLAY->can_transform_touch_input() &&
+        !overlay::OVERLAY->has_subscreen_touch_transform() &&
         ImGui::GetIO().WantCaptureMouse) {
 
         TOUCH_EVENTS.reset();