gitadora: option to disable frame limiter (#848 )

## Link to GitHub Issue or related Pull Request, if one exists n/a ## Description of change There is a patch for GITADORA series that fixes frame pacing on modern Windows. Turn it into a signature patch and embed it into the game. ## Testing should work for all 64-bit gitadora versions, pre-GWD
remove volume boost from quick options
2026-08-02 06:40:42 -07:00 · 2026-08-02 03:35:07 -07:00 · 2026-08-02 01:04:11 -07:00 · 2026-08-02 01:01:09 -07:00 · 2026-08-02 00:50:04 -07:00 · 2026-08-02 00:03:36 -07:00
28 changed files with 2400 additions and 155 deletions
@@ -411,6 +411,7 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
        games/sdvx/sdvx_live2d.cpp
        games/sdvx/io.cpp
        games/sdvx/camera.cpp
+        games/jb/bi2x_hook.cpp
        games/jb/jb.cpp
        games/jb/jb_touch.cpp
        games/jb/io.cpp
@@ -535,6 +536,7 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
        hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.cpp
        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.cpp
        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_gfdm.cpp
        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_live2d.cpp
        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.cpp
        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.cpp
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ bool ICCADevice::parse_msg(MessageData *msg_in,
            // SDVX Old cabinet mode
            if (avs::game::is_model("KFC") && avs::game::SPEC[0] != 'G' && avs::game::SPEC[0] != 'H')
                answer_type = 1;
-            if (avs::game::is_model("L44"))
+            if (avs::game::is_model({ "L44", "T44" }))
                answer_type = 2;

            // check answer type
@@ -1114,6 +1114,7 @@ namespace avs {
 #endif
            // jubeat
            {"jubeat.dll", 0x2000000},
+            {"jubeat2019.dll", 0x10000000},

            // MUSECA
            {"museca.dll", 0xC000000},
@@ -591,6 +591,7 @@ namespace avs {
            // for proper reporting of Omnimix and other song packs
            if (_stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "LDJ") == 0 ||
                _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "L44") == 0 ||
+                _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "T44") == 0 ||
                _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "M39") == 0 ||
                _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "KFC") == 0)
            {
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 #include "asio.h"
 #include "handle.h"
 #include "bi2x_hook.h"
+#include <span>
 #include <unordered_map>

+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+
 #include <ks.h>
 #include <ksmedia.h>
-
-#include "cfg/configurator.h"
 #include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
 #include "hooks/audio/mme.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
@@ -29,12 +31,14 @@ namespace games::gitadora {

    // settings
    bool TWOCHANNEL = false;
+    bool DISABLE_FRAME_LIMITER = false;
    std::optional<unsigned int> CAB_TYPE = std::nullopt;
    bool P1_LEFTY = false;
    bool P2_LEFTY = false;
    std::optional<std::string> SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE;
    std::optional<socd::SocdAlgorithm> PICK_ALGO = socd::SocdAlgorithm::PreferRecent;
    std::optional<uint8_t> ARENA_WINDOW_COUNT = std::nullopt;
+    bool ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE = false;
    std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER = std::nullopt;
    bool ALLOW_REALTEK_AUDIO = false;

@@ -62,6 +66,46 @@ namespace games::gitadora {

        return CreateDirectoryA(lpPathName, lpSecurityAttributes);
    }
+
+    // libshare-pj paces mainloop with separate 12 ms and 16 ms waits. these waits
+    // interfere with the game's normal display synchronization on modern Windows
+    // and can hold a nominal 60 FPS game near 58 FPS. locate the instruction
+    // sequences at runtime so the fix does not depend on per-version file offsets.
+    static void disable_mainloop_frame_limiter(HMODULE sharepj_module) {
+        if (!sharepj_module) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // both limiters have the same shape, only the millisecond target xx differs
+        // (0Ch for the 12 ms limiter, 10h for the 16 ms one):
+        //
+        // 48 83 F8 xx:     cmp rax, xx;   compare elapsed frame time with the target
+        // 73 10:           jae +10h;      skip the wait once the target has elapsed
+        // B9 xx 00 00 00:  mov ecx, xx;   load the target
+        // 48 2B C8:        sub rcx, rax;  calculate the remaining wait time
+        // 74 06:           je +6h;        skip the following six-byte Sleep call if no wait remains
+        //
+        // changing jae (73h) to jmp (EBh) makes each block always take its existing
+        // skip path, which bypasses only the associated Sleep call and leaves the 10h
+        // branch displacement and every other wait untouched.
+        const auto limiter_12ms_disabled = replace_pattern(
+                sharepj_module,
+                "4883F80C7310B90C000000482BC87406",
+                "????????EB??????????????????????", 0, 0);
+        const auto limiter_16ms_disabled = replace_pattern(
+                sharepj_module,
+                "4883F8107310B910000000482BC87406",
+                "????????EB??????????????????????", 0, 0);
+
+        if (!limiter_12ms_disabled || !limiter_16ms_disabled) {
+            log_fatal(
+                "gitadora",
+                "failed to disable libshare-pj mainloop frame limiter (-gdnoframelimiter), ensure patch is not already applied");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("gitadora", "successfully disabled libshare-pj mainloop frame limiter (-gdnoframelimiter)");
+    }
 #endif

    /*
@@ -271,9 +315,21 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-                            log_fatal(
+                            if (D3D9_ADAPTER.has_value()) {
+                                log_fatal(
+                                    "gitadora",
+                                    "arena model: fullscreen two-window mode cannot use -monitor; "
+                                    "use -w for borderless windows instead");
+                            }
+                            ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE = true;
+                            log_info(
                                "gitadora",
-                                "arena model: 2-window mode is not supported in fullscreen, choose 1 or 4");
+                                "arena model: native two-head fullscreen adapter-group mode "
+                                "(MAIN + SMALL; LEFT/RIGHT are virtual)");
+                        } else {
+                            log_info(
+                                "gitadora",
+                                "arena model: two-window mode uses windowed rendering");
                        }
                        log_info("gitadora", "arena model: two-window mode");
                        GRAPHICS_GITADORA_HIDE_SIDE_WINDOWS = true;
@@ -299,10 +355,18 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
    static decltype(QueryDisplayConfig) *QueryDisplayConfig_orig = nullptr;
    static decltype(DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo) *DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo_orig = nullptr;

-    // cached primary real monitor: its path + source/target mode entries.
-    // modeInfoIdx values on the path are renumbered to 0 / 1 so the cache is self-contained.
+    // Cached real monitor paths and their source/target mode entries. modeInfoIdx values are
+    // renumbered so the cache is self-contained. The normal single-head emulation keeps only
+    // MAIN; the two-head adapter-group mode keeps MAIN and SMALL as real heads.
    static DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO real_primary_path = {};
    static DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO real_primary_modes[2] = {}; // [0]=source, [1]=target
+    static DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO real_small_path = {};
+    static DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO real_small_modes[2] = {}; // [0]=source, [1]=target
+    static bool real_small_path_available = false;
+
+    static bool is_two_head_exclusive() {
+        return ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED;
+    }

    // fake monitors appended after the real ones. the game classifies monitors
    // by outputTechnology + connectorInstance:
@@ -326,12 +390,31 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
    // adapter to a swap chain role via its DisplayConfig connector instance,
    // so the entries here must be listed in the same order the wrapper enumerates
    // them: id=1 -> adapter 1 -> left, id=2 -> adapter 2 -> right, id=3 -> adapter 3 -> small.
-    static constexpr FakeMonitor FAKE_MONITORS[] = {
+    // Normal single-head emulation: every non-MAIN role is fake.
+    static constexpr FakeMonitor FAKE_MONITORS_SINGLE_HEAD[] = {
        { 1, 1080, 1920, -100000, -100000, 0 }, // left  (DP connector instance 0)
        { 2, 1080, 1920, -200000, -200000, 1 }, // right (DP connector instance 1)
        { 3,  800, 1280, -300000, -300000, 2 }, // small (DP connector instance 2, touch)
    };
-    static constexpr UINT32 FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT = static_cast<UINT32>(std::size(FAKE_MONITORS));
+
+    // Two-head fullscreen: adapters 0/1 are the real MAIN/SMALL group heads.
+    // Keep only LEFT/RIGHT fake, with their adapter ids matching the D3D9 wrapper.
+    static constexpr FakeMonitor FAKE_MONITORS_TWO_HEAD[] = {
+        { 2, 1080, 1920, -200000, -200000, 0 }, // left  (DP connector instance 0)
+        { 3, 1080, 1920, -300000, -300000, 1 }, // right (DP connector instance 1)
+    };
+
+    static std::span<const FakeMonitor> get_fake_monitors() {
+        if (is_two_head_exclusive()) {
+            return FAKE_MONITORS_TWO_HEAD;
+        }
+
+        return FAKE_MONITORS_SINGLE_HEAD;
+    }
+
+    static UINT32 real_monitor_count() {
+        return is_two_head_exclusive() ? 2 : 1;
+    }

    // call QueryDisplayConfig once, keep only the primary monitor's path and its
    // two referenced modes (source + target). modeInfoIdx values are rewritten to
@@ -369,13 +452,55 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
            log_fatal("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: no primary monitor found");
        }

+        if (primary->targetInfo.modeInfoIdx >= all_modes.size()) {
+            log_fatal("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: primary target mode is missing");
+        }
+
        real_primary_modes[0] = all_modes[primary->sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx];
        real_primary_modes[1] = all_modes[primary->targetInfo.modeInfoIdx];
        real_primary_path = *primary;
        real_primary_path.sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx = 0;
        real_primary_path.targetInfo.modeInfoIdx = 1;

-        log_info("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: cached primary monitor");
+        real_small_path_available = false;
+        if (is_two_head_exclusive()) {
+            if (all_paths.size() != 2) {
+                log_fatal(
+                    "gitadora",
+                    "two-head fullscreen mode requires exactly two active display paths, found {}",
+                    all_paths.size());
+            }
+
+            const auto secondary = std::find_if(all_paths.begin(), all_paths.end(),
+                [&](const auto &p) {
+                    return &p != &*primary;
+                });
+            if (secondary == all_paths.end() ||
+                    secondary->sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx >= all_modes.size() ||
+                    secondary->targetInfo.modeInfoIdx >= all_modes.size()) {
+                log_fatal("gitadora", "could not identify the physical SMALL monitor");
+            }
+            const LUID primary_adapter = primary->sourceInfo.adapterId;
+            const LUID secondary_adapter = secondary->sourceInfo.adapterId;
+            const bool same_adapter = primary_adapter.HighPart == secondary_adapter.HighPart &&
+                primary_adapter.LowPart == secondary_adapter.LowPart;
+            if (!same_adapter) {
+                log_fatal(
+                    "gitadora",
+                    "MAIN and SMALL must use the same display adapter");
+            }
+
+            real_small_modes[0] = all_modes[secondary->sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx];
+            real_small_modes[1] = all_modes[secondary->targetInfo.modeInfoIdx];
+            real_small_path = *secondary;
+            real_small_path.sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx = 2;
+            real_small_path.targetInfo.modeInfoIdx = 3;
+            real_small_path_available = true;
+
+            log_info("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: cached real MAIN and SMALL monitors");
+        } else {
+            log_info("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: cached primary monitor");
+        }
    }

    static
@@ -390,33 +515,36 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
        static std::once_flag populate_once;
        std::call_once(populate_once, cache_primary_monitor_info);

-        // always report exactly 1 real + N fake monitors
-        *pNumPathArrayElements = 1 + FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT;
-        *pNumModeInfoArrayElements = 2 + FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT * 2;
+        const auto fake_monitors = get_fake_monitors();
+        const auto fake_count = static_cast<UINT32>(fake_monitors.size());
+        const UINT32 real_count = real_monitor_count();
+        *pNumPathArrayElements = real_count + fake_count;
+        *pNumModeInfoArrayElements = (real_count + fake_count) * 2;

        log_info(
            "gitadora",
-            "GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes: 1 real path + {} fake monitor(s)",
-            FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT);
+            "GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes: {} real path(s) + {} fake monitor(s)",
+            real_count,
+            fake_count);

        return ERROR_SUCCESS;
    }

-    // write fake monitor i into the caller's path/mode arrays. layout (single-monitor
-    // assumption): index 0 in both arrays holds the cached primary real monitor, so
-    // fake i occupies path slot (1 + i) and mode slots (2 + i*2) / (2 + i*2 + 1).
+    // Write a fake monitor after the real paths. The cache is packed as [source, target]
+    // mode pairs, so each path consumes two mode entries.
    static void insert_fake_monitor(
        DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *paths,
        DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO *modes,
-        UINT32 i)
+        const FakeMonitor &m,
+        UINT32 path_index,
+        UINT32 source_mode_index)
    {
-        const FakeMonitor &m = FAKE_MONITORS[i];
-        const UINT32 src_idx = 2 + i * 2;
+        const UINT32 src_idx = source_mode_index;
        const UINT32 tgt_idx = src_idx + 1;
        const LUID adapter_id { .LowPart = static_cast<DWORD>(-m.id), .HighPart = -m.id };
        const UINT32 uid = static_cast<UINT32>(-m.id);

-        paths[1 + i] = {
+        paths[path_index] = {
            .sourceInfo = {
                .adapterId = adapter_id,
                .id = uid,
@@ -474,21 +602,35 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
        DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO* modeInfoArray,
        DISPLAYCONFIG_TOPOLOGY_ID* currentTopologyId)
    {
-        // copy cached primary real monitor into caller buffers at index 0
+        // Copy cached real monitor paths into the caller buffers.
        pathArray[0] = real_primary_path;
        modeInfoArray[0] = real_primary_modes[0];
        modeInfoArray[1] = real_primary_modes[1];
-        *numPathArrayElements = 1 + FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT;
-        *numModeInfoArrayElements = 2 + FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT * 2;
+        if (is_two_head_exclusive() && real_small_path_available) {
+            pathArray[1] = real_small_path;
+            modeInfoArray[2] = real_small_modes[0];
+            modeInfoArray[3] = real_small_modes[1];
+        }
+
+        const auto fake_monitors = get_fake_monitors();
+        const auto fake_count = static_cast<UINT32>(fake_monitors.size());
+        const UINT32 real_count = real_monitor_count();
+        *numPathArrayElements = real_count + fake_count;
+        *numModeInfoArrayElements = (real_count + fake_count) * 2;
        if (currentTopologyId != nullptr) {
            *currentTopologyId = DISPLAYCONFIG_TOPOLOGY_EXTEND;
        }

        log_misc("gitadora", "QueryDisplayConfig returning fake monitor paths and modes");

-        // append fake monitors after the real one
-        for (UINT32 i = 0; i < FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT; i++) {
-            insert_fake_monitor(pathArray, modeInfoArray, i);
+        // Append fake monitors after the real path(s).
+        for (UINT32 i = 0; i < fake_count; i++) {
+            insert_fake_monitor(
+                pathArray,
+                modeInfoArray,
+                fake_monitors[i],
+                real_count + i,
+                real_count * 2 + i * 2);
        }

        return ERROR_SUCCESS;
@@ -519,7 +661,8 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
                const auto targetName = reinterpret_cast<DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME*>(requestPacket);
                const LONG fake_id = -id;
                UINT32 conn_inst = 0xff;
-                for (const auto& f : FAKE_MONITORS) {
+                const auto fake_monitors = get_fake_monitors();
+                for (const auto &f : fake_monitors) {
                    if (f.id == fake_id) {
                        conn_inst = f.connector_instance;
                        break;
@@ -542,18 +685,27 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
            return ret;
        }

-        // override the cached primary real monitor target info to look like HDMI/0
+        // Override MAIN to HDMI/0 and retag the real second head as the DP/2 SMALL
+        // display expected by the cabinet software in two-head fullscreen mode.
        const auto targetName = reinterpret_cast<DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME*>(requestPacket);
-        const auto& target = real_primary_path.targetInfo;
-        if (target.id == targetName->header.id &&
-            target.adapterId.HighPart == targetName->header.adapterId.HighPart &&
-            target.adapterId.LowPart == targetName->header.adapterId.LowPart)
-        {
+        const auto target_matches = [&](const DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO &target) {
+            return target.id == targetName->header.id &&
+                target.adapterId.HighPart == targetName->header.adapterId.HighPart &&
+                target.adapterId.LowPart == targetName->header.adapterId.LowPart;
+        };
+        if (target_matches(real_primary_path.targetInfo)) {
            targetName->outputTechnology = DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_HDMI;
            targetName->connectorInstance = 0;
            log_info("gitadora",
                "overriding primary monitor (id={}) to pretend to be HDMI",
                targetName->header.id);
+        } else if (is_two_head_exclusive() && real_small_path_available &&
+                target_matches(real_small_path.targetInfo)) {
+            targetName->outputTechnology = DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_DISPLAYPORT_EXTERNAL;
+            targetName->connectorInstance = 2;
+            log_info("gitadora",
+                "overriding secondary monitor (id={}) to pretend to be SMALL DP/2",
+                targetName->header.id);
        }
        return ret;
    }
@@ -576,6 +728,12 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
        HMODULE system_module = libutils::try_module("libsystem.dll");

        // patches
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        if (DISABLE_FRAME_LIMITER && !is_arena_model()) {
+            disable_mainloop_frame_limiter(sharepj_module);
+        }
+#endif
+
        detour::inline_hook((void *) eam_network_detected_ip_change, libutils::try_proc(
                sharepj_module, "eam_network_detected_ip_change"));
        detour::inline_hook((void *) eam_network_settings_conflict, libutils::try_proc(
@@ -651,7 +809,8 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
                hooks::audio::INJECT_FAKE_REALTEK_AUDIO = true;
            }

-            // monitor/touch hooks (windowed or full screen)
+            // Single-window mode needs touch injection for its overlay. Two-head fullscreen
+            // mode uses the real SMALL output, so it only needs the display-topology shim.
            if (GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
                // enable touch hook for subscreen overlay
                const auto native_touch_ready = !wintouchemu::FORCE &&
@@ -661,25 +820,28 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
                    wintouchemu::INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH = true;
                    wintouchemu::hook("GITADORA", avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
                }
+            }

 #if !SPICE_XP

-                if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-                    // monitor hook: always pretend to have 1 primary real monitor + 3 fake monitors
-                    // (LEFT / RIGHT / SMALL) so the game accepts the arena cab topology
-                    GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes_orig =
-                        detour::iat_try("GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes",
-                            GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
-                    QueryDisplayConfig_orig =
-                        detour::iat_try("QueryDisplayConfig",
-                            QueryDisplayConfig_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
-                    DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo_orig =
-                        detour::iat_try("DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo",
-                            DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+            if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED &&
+                    (GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS || ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE)) {
+                if (ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE) {
+                    log_info(
+                        "gitadora",
+                        "exposing physical MAIN/SMALL and virtual LEFT/RIGHT");
                }
-#endif
-
+                GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes_orig =
+                    detour::iat_try("GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes",
+                        GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                QueryDisplayConfig_orig =
+                    detour::iat_try("QueryDisplayConfig",
+                        QueryDisplayConfig_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo_orig =
+                    detour::iat_try("DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo",
+                        DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
            }
+#endif
        }

        // window patch
@@ -13,12 +13,14 @@ namespace games::gitadora {

    // settings
    extern bool TWOCHANNEL;
+    extern bool DISABLE_FRAME_LIMITER;
    extern std::optional<unsigned int> CAB_TYPE;
    extern bool P1_LEFTY;
    extern bool P2_LEFTY;
    extern std::optional<std::string> SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE;
    extern std::optional<socd::SocdAlgorithm> PICK_ALGO;
    extern std::optional<uint8_t> ARENA_WINDOW_COUNT;
+    extern bool ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE;
    extern std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER;
    extern bool ALLOW_REALTEK_AUDIO;

@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ namespace games {
        buttons_help.insert({ jb, jb::get_buttons_help() });
        lights.insert({ jb, jb::get_lights() });
        file_hints[jb].push_back({"jubeat.dll"});
+        file_hints[jb].push_back({"jubeat2019.dll"});

        // mga
        const std::string mga("Metal Gear");
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+
+#if SPICE64
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/jb/jb_touch.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace games::jb {
+
+    struct AIO_SCI_COMM {
+        std::array<uint8_t, 0x100> data;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2;
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2_VTABLE {
+        std::array<void *, 10> unused;
+        void (__fastcall *begin_manage)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr);
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2 {
+        AIO_NMGR_IOB2_VTABLE *vtable;
+        std::array<uint8_t, 0x78> data;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 {
+        std::array<uint8_t, 0x80> data;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44_DEVSTATUS {
+        std::array<uint8_t, 0x140> data;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM {
+        uint8_t data;
+    };
+
+    static_assert(sizeof(AIO_NMGR_IOB2) == 0x80);
+    static_assert(sizeof(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44_DEVSTATUS) == 0x140);
+
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_t = AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *(__fastcall *)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr,
+            uint32_t device_id);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node,
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44_DEVSTATUS *status);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t reset);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint8_t count);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node,
+            uint32_t slot, bool open);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node,
+            uint32_t counter, uint32_t count);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t color);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node,
+            uint32_t tape, const void *data);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t = AIO_SCI_COMM *(__fastcall *)(uint32_t serial_number);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t = AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *(__fastcall *)(
+            uint32_t serial_number, uint32_t iob_mask);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *context);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t = int32_t (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *context);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_t = bool (__fastcall *)(int32_t state);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_t = bool (__fastcall *)(int32_t state);
+    using aioNMgrIob2_Create_t = AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *(__fastcall *)(AIO_SCI_COMM *sci, uint32_t mode);
+    using aioSci_Destroy_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_SCI_COMM *sci);
+    using aioNodeMgr_Destroy_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr);
+    using aioNodeCtl_Destroy_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node);
+    using aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus_t = void (__fastcall *)();
+
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNMgrIob2_Create_t aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioSci_Destroy_t aioSci_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeMgr_Destroy_t aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_Destroy_t aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus_t aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM *aio_sci_comm = nullptr;
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *aio_node_mgr = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *aio_t44 = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *aio_write_firm = nullptr;
+    static uint8_t input_counter = 0;
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNMgrIob_BeginManage(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *) {
+    }
+
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2_VTABLE aio_node_mgr_vtable {
+        {},
+        aioNMgrIob_BeginManage,
+    };
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM *__fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc(uint32_t) {
+        aio_sci_comm = new AIO_SCI_COMM {};
+        return aio_sci_comm;
+    }
+
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *__fastcall aioNMgrIob2_Create(AIO_SCI_COMM *sci, uint32_t mode) {
+        if (sci != aio_sci_comm) {
+            return aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig(sci, mode);
+        }
+
+        aio_node_mgr = new AIO_NMGR_IOB2 {};
+        aio_node_mgr->vtable = &aio_node_mgr_vtable;
+        return aio_node_mgr;
+    }
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *__fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create(
+            AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr, uint32_t device_id) {
+        if (node_mgr != aio_node_mgr) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_orig(node_mgr, device_id);
+        }
+
+        log_info("jb::bi2x", "T44 node created");
+        aio_t44 = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 {};
+        return aio_t44;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus(
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44_DEVSTATUS *status) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_orig(node, status);
+        }
+
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+        std::memset(status, 0, sizeof(*status));
+
+        status->data[0x00] = input_counter;
+        status->data[0x03] = input_counter++;
+        status->data[0x0A] = static_cast<uint8_t>(eamuse_coin_get_stock());
+
+        games::jb::touch_update();
+        const auto touched = games::jb::touch_state();
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        status->data[0x04] = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Test]) ? 0xFF : 0;
+        status->data[0x05] = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Service]) ? 0xFF : 0;
+        status->data[0x06] = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::CoinMech]) ? 0xFF : 0;
+
+        static constexpr size_t PANEL_ORDER[16] = {
+            3, 7, 11, 15,
+            2, 6, 10, 14,
+            1, 5, 9, 13,
+            0, 4, 8, 12,
+        };
+        for (size_t status_index = 0; status_index < std::size(PANEL_ORDER); status_index++) {
+            const auto panel_index = PANEL_ORDER[status_index];
+            if (touched[panel_index] || GameAPI::Buttons::getState(
+                    RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button1 + panel_index])) {
+                status->data[0x0F + status_index] = 0xFF;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t reset) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_orig(node, reset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint8_t count) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_orig(node, count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker(
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t slot, bool open) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_orig(node, slot, open);
+        }
+
+        eamuse_coin_set_block(!open);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter(
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t counter, uint32_t count) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_orig(node, counter, count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t color) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_orig(node, color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData(
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t tape, const void *data) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_orig(node, tape, data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *__fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext(uint32_t, uint32_t) {
+        aio_write_firm = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM {};
+        return aio_write_firm;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *context) {
+        if (context != aio_write_firm) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig(context);
+        }
+
+        delete aio_write_firm;
+        aio_write_firm = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static int32_t __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *context) {
+        if (context != aio_write_firm) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig(context);
+        }
+        return 8;
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted(int32_t state) {
+        if (aio_write_firm) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig(state);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError(int32_t state) {
+        if (aio_write_firm) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig(state);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioSci_Destroy(AIO_SCI_COMM *sci) {
+        if (sci != aio_sci_comm) {
+            return aioSci_Destroy_orig(sci);
+        }
+
+        delete aio_sci_comm;
+        aio_sci_comm = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeMgr_Destroy(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr) {
+        if (node_mgr != aio_node_mgr) {
+            return aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig(node_mgr);
+        }
+
+        delete aio_node_mgr;
+        aio_node_mgr = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeCtl_Destroy(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig(node);
+        }
+
+        delete aio_t44;
+        aio_t44 = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus() {
+    }
+
+    void bi2x_hook_init() {
+        static bool initialized = false;
+        if (initialized) {
+            return;
+        }
+        initialized = true;
+
+        log_info("jb::bi2x", "initializing T44 hooks");
+
+        const auto libaio_iob2_video = "libaio-iob2_video.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video, "aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video,
+                "?GetDeviceStatus@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEBAXAEAUDEVSTATUS@1@@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video, "?IoReset@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXI@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video,
+                "?SetWatchDogTimer@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXE@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video,
+                "?ControlCoinBlocker@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXI_N@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video, "?AddCounter@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXII@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video, "?SetIccrLed@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXI@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video,
+                "?SetTapeLedData@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXIPEBX@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_orig);
+
+        const auto libaio_iob = "libaio-iob.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc, &aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext, &aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext, &aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioNMgrIob2_Create",
+                aioNMgrIob2_Create, &aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig);
+
+        const auto libaio = "libaio.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio, "aioSci_Destroy", aioSci_Destroy, &aioSci_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio, "aioNodeMgr_Destroy",
+                aioNodeMgr_Destroy, &aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio, "aioNodeCtl_Destroy",
+                aioNodeCtl_Destroy, &aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio, "aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus",
+                aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus, &aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus_orig);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#if SPICE64
+
+namespace games::jb {
+    void bi2x_hook_init();
+}
+
+#endif
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <filesystem>

+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
 #include "cfg/configurator.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
 #include "util/detour.h"
@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@

 namespace games::jb {

+#if !SPICE64
+
    // fixes "IP ADDR CHANGE" errors with unusual network setups (e.g. a VPN)
    static BOOL __stdcall network_addr_is_changed() {
        return 0;
@@ -31,6 +35,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
        return 0;
    }

+#endif
+
    JBGame::JBGame() : Game("Jubeat") {
    }

@@ -60,8 +66,18 @@ namespace games::jb {
    void JBGame::attach() {
        Game::attach();

+#if SPICE64
+        if (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "jubeat2019.dll") {
+            libutils::load_library("libaio.dll");
+            libutils::load_library("libaio-iob.dll");
+            libutils::load_library("libaio-iob2_video.dll");
+            bi2x_hook_init();
+        }
+#endif
+
        touch_attach();

+#if !SPICE64
        // enable debug logging of gftools
        HMODULE gftools = libutils::try_module("gftools.dll");
        detour::inline_hook((void *) GFDbgSetReportFunc, libutils::try_proc(
@@ -75,6 +91,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
                network, "network_get_network_check_info"));
        detour::inline_hook((void *) network_get_dhcp_result, libutils::try_proc(
                network, "network_get_dhcp_result"));
+#endif
+
    }

    void JBGame::detach() {
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 // (6, 8) in landscape.
 #define JB_BUTTON_SIZE 160
 #define JB_MAX_BUTTON_GAP 38
+#define JB_T44_BUTTON_SIZE 224
+#define JB_T44_BUTTON_GAP 33

 // improved and plus modes use this reach around each button. must be >= the
 // diagonal half of the widest gap (~27px) so the grid centre still reaches a button.
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ namespace games::jb {
    static std::atomic_bool TOUCH_ENABLE = false;
    static bool TOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
    static bool IS_PORTRAIT = true;
+    static bool IS_T44 = false;
    static std::atomic_uint16_t TOUCH_STATE = 0;

    // fixed-size contact view used by the debug overlay
@@ -85,35 +88,45 @@ namespace games::jb {
    // --- touch geometry ------------------------------------------------------
    // gaps between the four buttons along one axis (the middle gap is 1px wider)
    static const int JB_BUTTON_GAPS[3] = { 37, JB_MAX_BUTTON_GAP, 37 };
+    static const int JB_T44_BUTTON_GAPS[3] = {
+        JB_T44_BUTTON_GAP,
+        JB_T44_BUTTON_GAP,
+        JB_T44_BUTTON_GAP,
+    };

    struct AxisGeometry {
+        int size;
        int button[4]; // left/top edge of each button
    };

    // left/top edges of the four buttons along one axis, starting at `first`
-    static AxisGeometry axis_geometry(int first) {
+    static AxisGeometry axis_geometry(int first, int size, const int gaps[3]) {
        AxisGeometry g {};
+        g.size = size;
        g.button[0] = first;
        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
-            g.button[i] = g.button[i - 1] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE + JB_BUTTON_GAPS[i - 1];
+            g.button[i] = g.button[i - 1] + size + gaps[i - 1];
        }
        return g;
    }

    // button edges for the current orientation
    static void touch_geometry(AxisGeometry &gx, AxisGeometry &gy) {
-        if (IS_PORTRAIT) {
-            gx = axis_geometry(8);
-            gy = axis_geometry(602);
+        if (IS_T44) {
+            gx = axis_geometry(37, JB_T44_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_T44_BUTTON_GAPS);
+            gy = axis_geometry(864, JB_T44_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_T44_BUTTON_GAPS);
+        } else if (IS_PORTRAIT) {
+            gx = axis_geometry(8, JB_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_BUTTON_GAPS);
+            gy = axis_geometry(602, JB_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_BUTTON_GAPS);
        } else {
-            gx = axis_geometry(6);
-            gy = axis_geometry(8);
+            gx = axis_geometry(6, JB_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_BUTTON_GAPS);
+            gy = axis_geometry(8, JB_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_BUTTON_GAPS);
        }
    }

    // distance from `p` to a button along one axis (0 when inside)
-    static int axis_distance(int p, int button) {
-        int end = button + JB_BUTTON_SIZE - 1;
+    static int axis_distance(int p, int button, int size) {
+        int end = button + size - 1;
        if (p < button) {
            return button - p;
        }
@@ -131,8 +144,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
        int best_dist = 0;
        for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
            for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
-                int dx = axis_distance(px, gx.button[c]);
-                int dy = axis_distance(py, gy.button[r]);
+                int dx = axis_distance(px, gx.button[c], gx.size);
+                int dy = axis_distance(py, gy.button[r], gy.size);
                int dist = dx * dx + dy * dy;
                if (dist <= radius * radius && (best_index < 0 || dist < best_dist)) {
                    best_dist = dist;
@@ -145,7 +158,8 @@ namespace games::jb {

    // detection reach for the current algorithm (0 = register only inside a button)
    static int touch_radius() {
-        return TOUCH_ALGORITHM == AcAccurate ? 0 : JB_TOUCH_RADIUS;
+        return TOUCH_ALGORITHM == AcAccurate || (IS_T44 && TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy) ?
+            0 : JB_TOUCH_RADIUS;
    }

    // mark the buttons a touch at (px, py) hits: only the nearest within `radius`, or
@@ -162,8 +176,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
        }
        for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
            for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
-                int dx = axis_distance(px, gx.button[c]);
-                int dy = axis_distance(py, gy.button[r]);
+                int dx = axis_distance(px, gx.button[c], gx.size);
+                int dy = axis_distance(py, gy.button[r], gy.size);
                if (dx * dx + dy * dy <= radius * radius) {
                    state |= uint16_t(1) << (r * 4 + c);
                }
@@ -184,11 +198,15 @@ namespace games::jb {
        // one-time touch window attach
        if (!TOUCH_ATTACHED) {

+            IS_T44 = avs::game::is_model("T44");
+            IS_PORTRAIT = IS_T44 || avs::game::is_model("L44");
+
            // find the game window: prefer the foreground window, else search by
-            // title (the model name prefixes the window title in every version)
+            // title (T44 uses a fixed title instead of the model prefix)
+            const char *window_title = IS_T44 ? "jubeat 10 main" : avs::game::MODEL;
            HWND wnd = GetForegroundWindow();
-            if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), avs::game::MODEL)) {
-                wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(avs::game::MODEL);
+            if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), window_title)) {
+                wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(window_title);
            }
            if (!wnd) {
                log_warning("jubeat", "could not find window handle for touch");
@@ -197,10 +215,6 @@ namespace games::jb {
                return;
            }

-            // only the L44 model runs in portrait; set this before starting the
-            // touch-window thread so the renderer only observes the final value
-            IS_PORTRAIT = avs::game::is_model("L44");
-
            log_info("jubeat", "using window handle for touch: {}", fmt::ptr(wnd));

            // let the rawinput stack correct the aspect ratio
@@ -232,7 +246,7 @@ namespace games::jb {
            return !touch_matured(tp, now_ms, threshold_ms);
        });

-        if (TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy) {
+        if (TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy && !IS_T44) {

            // legacy: evenly divide the play area into a 4x4 grid
            auto offset = IS_PORTRAIT ? 580 : 0;
@@ -311,7 +325,7 @@ namespace games::jb {
                for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
                    cells[r * 4 + c] = {
                        gx.button[c], gy.button[r],
-                        gx.button[c] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE, gy.button[r] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE
+                        gx.button[c] + gx.size, gy.button[r] + gy.size
                    };
                }
            }
@@ -352,8 +366,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
                             const AxisGeometry &gx, const AxisGeometry &gy, int arc_radius) {
        int c = index % 4;
        int r = index / 4;
-        double mid = std::atan2((gy.button[r] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE / 2) - py,
-                                (gx.button[c] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE / 2) - px);
+        double mid = std::atan2((gy.button[r] + gy.size / 2) - py,
+                    (gx.button[c] + gx.size / 2) - px);
        const double quarter = 3.14159265358979323846 / 2.0;
        const int segments = 16;
        POINT arc[segments + 1];
@@ -425,7 +439,7 @@ namespace games::jb {
        }

        // legacy divides the field evenly; the other algorithms use button squares
-        bool legacy = (TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy);
+        bool legacy = TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy && !IS_T44;
        AxisGeometry gx {}, gy {};
        if (!legacy) {
            touch_geometry(gx, gy);
@@ -113,7 +113,10 @@ static Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_t Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_orig = nullptr;
 static bool ATTEMPTED_SUB_SWAP_CHAIN_ACQUIRE = false;
 static IDirect3DSwapChain9 *SUB_SWAP_CHAIN = nullptr;

-static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params);
+static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params,
+        UINT gfdm_small_swapchain);

 static std::string behavior2s(DWORD behavior_flags) {
    FLAGS_START(behavior_flags);
@@ -409,7 +412,8 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::QueryInterface(
        return E_POINTER;
    }

-    if (riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3D9 ||
+    if ((riid == IID_IUnknown && gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) ||
+        riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3D9 ||
        riid == IID_IDirect3D9 ||
        riid == IID_IDirect3D9Ex)
    {
@@ -467,6 +471,18 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::RegisterSoftwareDevice(void *pIniti
 UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterCount() {
    UINT result = pReal->GetAdapterCount();

+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        if (result == 2) {
+            FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER = true;
+            return GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+        }
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode requires two native adapters; found {}",
+                result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
    if (!FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER) {
        if (games::popn::is_pikapika_model() && result == 1) {
            FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER = true;
@@ -493,7 +509,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterIdentifier(
        D3DADAPTER_IDENTIFIER9 *pIdentifier)
 {

-    if (FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && Adapter > 0 && pIdentifier) {
+    if (is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter) && pIdentifier) {
        *pIdentifier = {};
        const std::string adapter_name = fmt::format("\\\\.\\DISPLAY_SPICE_FAKE_{}", Adapter);
        strcpy(pIdentifier->DeviceName, adapter_name.c_str()); 
@@ -509,7 +525,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterIdentifier(
 }

 UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterModeCount(UINT Adapter, D3DFORMAT Format) {
-    if (FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && Adapter > 0) {
+    if (is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "GetAdapterModeCount called for fake subscreen adapter {}", Adapter);
        return 1;
    }
@@ -523,13 +539,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::EnumAdapterModes(
        UINT Mode,
        D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode)
 {
-    if (FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && Adapter > 0) {
+    if (is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "EnumAdapterModes called for fake subscreen adapter {}", Adapter);
        if (Mode == 0 && pMode) {
-            pMode->Width = 1280;
-            pMode->Height = 800;
-            pMode->RefreshRate = 60;
-            pMode->Format = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
+            get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(Adapter, pMode);
            return S_OK;
        } else {
            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
@@ -611,6 +624,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::EnumAdapterModes(
 }

 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterDisplayMode(UINT Adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (pMode == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(Adapter, pMode);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetAdapterDisplayMode(Adapter, pMode));
 }

@@ -621,6 +642,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceType(
        D3DFORMAT BackBufferFormat,
        BOOL bWindowed)
 {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(iAdapter)) {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceType(iAdapter, DevType, DisplayFormat, BackBufferFormat, bWindowed));
 }

@@ -632,7 +657,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceFormat(
        D3DRESOURCETYPE RType,
        D3DFORMAT CheckFormat)
 {
-    if (FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && Adapter > 0) {
+    if (is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "CheckDeviceFormat called for fake subscreen adapter {}", Adapter);
        return D3D_OK;
    }
@@ -648,6 +673,13 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceMultiSampleType(
        D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSampleType,
        DWORD *pQualityLevels)
 {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (pQualityLevels != nullptr) {
+            *pQualityLevels = 1;
+        }
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceMultiSampleType(
            Adapter,
            DeviceType,
@@ -664,6 +696,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDepthStencilMatch(
        D3DFORMAT RenderTargetFormat,
        D3DFORMAT DepthStencilFormat)
 {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDepthStencilMatch(
            Adapter,
            DeviceType,
@@ -678,6 +714,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceFormatConversion(
        D3DFORMAT SourceFormat,
        D3DFORMAT TargetFormat)
 {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceFormatConversion(Adapter, DeviceType, SourceFormat, TargetFormat));
 }

@@ -689,6 +729,20 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetDeviceCaps(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVT
        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
    }

+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && Adapter < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT) {
+        HRESULT ret = this->pReal->GetDeviceCaps(
+                Adapter >= 2 ? 0 : Adapter,
+                DeviceType,
+                pCaps);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+            pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup =
+                    Adapter == 0 ? GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT : 0;
+            pCaps->MasterAdapterOrdinal = 0;
+            pCaps->AdapterOrdinalInGroup = Adapter;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
    // SDVX uses `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup` to allocate a vector and the Microsoft documentation states:
    // "The value will be 0 for a subordinate adapter of a multihead card. Each card can have at most one
    // master, but may have many subordinates." Therefore, this must point to the master adapter.
@@ -741,6 +795,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetDeviceCaps(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVT
 }

 HMONITOR STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterMonitor(UINT Adapter) {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        return pReal->GetAdapterMonitor(0);
+    }
+
    return pReal->GetAdapterMonitor(Adapter);
 }

@@ -861,7 +919,8 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDevice(
            "either use -graphics-force-refresh option or change the desktop resolution beforehand.");
    }

-    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && num_adapters >= 2 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && num_adapters >= 2
+            && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "force sub refresh rate: {} => {} Hz (-graphics-force-refresh-sub option)",
                pPresentationParameters[1].FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
                GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value());
@@ -902,7 +961,9 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDevice(
    } else if (!D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE) {
        graphics_hook_window(hFocusWindow, pPresentationParameters);

-        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(hFocusWindow, *ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
+        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(
+                hFocusWindow,
+                *ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
    }

    // return result
@@ -916,6 +977,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDevice(
 UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterModeCountEx(UINT Adapter, const D3DDISPLAYMODEFILTER *pFilter) {
    assert(is_d3d9ex);

+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
    return static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterModeCountEx(Adapter, pFilter);
 }

@@ -926,6 +991,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::EnumAdapterModesEx(
        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode)
 {
    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (Mode != 0 || pMode == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        get_fake_subscreen_display_mode_ex(Adapter, pMode);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->EnumAdapterModesEx(Adapter, pFilter, Mode, pMode));
 }

@@ -935,6 +1008,17 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(
        D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation)
 {
    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (pMode == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        get_fake_subscreen_display_mode_ex(Adapter, pMode);
+        if (pRotation != nullptr) {
+            *pRotation = D3DDISPLAYROTATION_IDENTITY;
+        }
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(Adapter, pMode, pRotation));
 }

@@ -963,6 +1047,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(

        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
    }
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION_SUB.has_value()) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "-forceressub is unavailable; SMALL must remain {}x{}",
+                GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH,
+                GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }

    DWORD orig_behavior_flags = BehaviorFlags;
    size_t num_adapters = 1;
@@ -989,6 +1081,9 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
        if (SUCCEEDED(this->pReal->GetDeviceCaps(Adapter, DeviceType, &device_caps))) {
            num_adapters = device_caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup;
        }
+        if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+            num_adapters = GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+        }
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_adapters; i++) {
@@ -1105,7 +1200,8 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
        }
    }

-    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && num_adapters >= 2 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && num_adapters >= 2 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "force sub refresh rate: {} => {} Hz (-graphics-force-refresh-sub option)",
                pPresentationParameters[1].FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
                GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value());
@@ -1131,16 +1227,93 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
        pPresentationParameters->BackBufferCount = GRAPHICS_FORCE_VSYNC_BUFFER.value();
    }

+    GfdmTwoHeadDeviceState gfdm_parameters(
+            pPresentationParameters,
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode);
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        if (!(BehaviorFlags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE)) {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "CreateDeviceEx did not request an adapter-group device");
+            return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+        }
+        HRESULT select = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_select_two_head_group_parameters(
+                pPresentationParameters,
+                pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes.data(),
+                &gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain,
+                "CreateDeviceEx");
+        if (FAILED(select)) {
+            return select;
+        }
+        if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
+            gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1]
+                    .FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz =
+                    GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value();
+            if (pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr) {
+                gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes[1].RefreshRate =
+                        GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value();
+            }
+        }
+        HRESULT remap = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_remap_two_head_group_parameters(
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr
+                        ? gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes.data()
+                        : nullptr,
+                "CreateDeviceEx");
+        if (FAILED(remap)) {
+            return remap;
+        }
+        if (pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr) {
+            graphics_d3d9_gfdm_align_two_head_refresh_to_desktop(
+                    static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(this->pReal),
+                    Adapter,
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes.data(),
+                    "CreateDeviceEx");
+        }
+        if (!graphics_gitadora_prepare_two_head_device_window(
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow,
+                    this->pReal->GetAdapterMonitor(Adapter + 1),
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].BackBufferWidth,
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].BackBufferHeight))
+        {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        HRESULT validation = validate_gfdm_two_head_exclusive(
+                this->pReal,
+                Adapter,
+                DeviceType,
+                BehaviorFlags,
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data());
+        if (FAILED(validation)) {
+            return validation;
+        }
+        gfdm_parameters.use_native_parameters();
+    }
+
    // call original
    HRESULT result = static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(this->pReal)->CreateDeviceEx(
            Adapter,
            DeviceType,
            hFocusWindow,
            BehaviorFlags,
-            pPresentationParameters,
-            pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+            gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters,
+            gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes,
            ppReturnedDeviceInterface);

+    if (SUCCEEDED(result) && gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        pPresentationParameters[0] = gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[0];
+        pPresentationParameters[gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain] =
+                gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[1];
+        if (pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr) {
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode[0] = gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[0];
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode[gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain] =
+                    gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[1];
+        }
+    }
+
    // check for error
    if (result != D3D_OK) {

@@ -1151,17 +1324,28 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
    } else if (!D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE) {
        graphics_hook_window(hFocusWindow, pPresentationParameters);

-        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(hFocusWindow, *ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
+        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(
+                hFocusWindow,
+                *ppReturnedDeviceInterface,
+                gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain,
+                gfdm_two_head_exclusive() ? static_cast<IDirect3D9 *>(this) : nullptr,
+                gfdm_two_head_exclusive() ? pPresentationParameters : nullptr);

        // initialize sub screen if the game requested a multi-head context
        if (avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC", "M39", "M32"}) &&
            (orig_behavior_flags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE)) {

-            UINT i = 1;
-            if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
-                i = 2;
-            }
-            graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(*ppReturnedDeviceInterface, &pPresentationParameters[i]);
+            UINT i = games::gitadora::is_arena_model()
+                    ? gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain
+                    : 1;
+            D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *subscreen_parameters =
+                    gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+                    ? &gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[1]
+                    : &pPresentationParameters[i];
+            graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(
+                    *ppReturnedDeviceInterface,
+                    subscreen_parameters,
+                    i);
        }
    }

@@ -1170,6 +1354,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(

 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterLUID(UINT Adapter, LUID *pLUID) {
    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (pLUID == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        pLUID->LowPart = static_cast<DWORD>(-static_cast<LONG>(Adapter));
+        pLUID->HighPart = -static_cast<LONG>(Adapter);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterLUID(Adapter, pLUID));
 }

@@ -1178,7 +1370,11 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterLUID(UINT Adapter, LUID *
 // The sub screen swap chain should be created if:
 // - Running windowed with `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup >= 2` (game expects implicit swap chain to exist)
 // - Running fullscreen with `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup < 2` (overridden `GetDeviceCaps` structure)
-static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params) {
+static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params,
+        UINT gfdm_small_swapchain)
+{
    D3DCAPS9 caps {};
    HRESULT hr = device->GetDeviceCaps(&caps);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
@@ -1212,10 +1408,9 @@ static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device, D3DPRE
        }
    } else {

-        int swapchain = 1;
-        if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
-            swapchain = 2;
-        }
+        const int swapchain = games::gitadora::is_arena_model()
+                ? static_cast<int>(gfdm_small_swapchain)
+                : 1;

        hr = device->GetSwapChain(swapchain, &SUB_SWAP_CHAIN);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@

 #include <d3d9.h>

+#include "d3d9_gfdm.h"
+
 // {EEE9CCF6-53D6-4326-9AE5-60921B3DB394}
 static const GUID IID_WrappedIDirect3D9 = {
    0xeee9ccf6, 0x53d6, 0x4326, { 0x9a, 0xe5, 0x60, 0x92, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0xb3, 0x94 }
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
 constexpr bool CUSTOM_RESET = false;

 constexpr D3DFORMAT D3DFMT_DF24 = static_cast<D3DFORMAT>(MAKEFOURCC('D', 'F', '2', '4'));
-
 auto format_as(D3DPOOL f) {
    return fmt::underlying(f);
 }
@@ -85,7 +84,8 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::QueryInterface(
        return E_POINTER;
    }

-    if (riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 ||
+    if ((riid == IID_IUnknown && is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) ||
+        riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 ||
        riid == IID_IDirect3DDevice9 ||
        riid == IID_IDirect3DDevice9Ex)
    {
@@ -202,6 +202,15 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDirect3D(
        IDirect3D9 **ppD3D9)
 {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && gfdm_parent_d3d != nullptr) {
+        if (ppD3D9 == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        gfdm_parent_d3d->AddRef();
+        *ppD3D9 = gfdm_parent_d3d;
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDirect3D(ppD3D9));
 }

@@ -209,7 +218,13 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDeviceCaps(
        D3DCAPS9 *pCaps)
 {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
-    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDeviceCaps(pCaps));
+    HRESULT result = pReal->GetDeviceCaps(pCaps);
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result) && is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && pCaps != nullptr) {
+        pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup = GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+        pCaps->MasterAdapterOrdinal = 0;
+        pCaps->AdapterOrdinalInGroup = 0;
+    }
+    CHECK_RESULT(result);
 }

 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDisplayMode(
@@ -217,6 +232,17 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDisplayMode(
        D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode)
 {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)->GetDisplayMode(pMode);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDisplayMode(GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN, pMode));
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDisplayMode(iSwapChain, pMode));
 }

@@ -258,6 +284,51 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateAdditionalSwapChain(
 {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;

+    if (pPresentationParameters == nullptr || ppSwapChain == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        if (pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth == 800) {
+            return GetSwapChain(gfdm_logical_small_swapchain, ppSwapChain);
+        }
+        if (pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth != 1080) {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: rejecting unexpected additional swap chain {}x{}",
+                    pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth,
+                    pPresentationParameters->BackBufferHeight);
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+
+        size_t index = 3;
+        for (UINT logical_swapchain = 1;
+                logical_swapchain < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+                logical_swapchain++)
+        {
+            if (!is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(logical_swapchain)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const size_t candidate =
+                    gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(logical_swapchain);
+            if (fake_sub_swapchain[candidate] == nullptr) {
+                index = candidate;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (index == 3) {
+            return D3DERR_OUTOFVIDEOMEMORY;
+        }
+        fake_sub_swapchain[index] = new FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+                this,
+                pPresentationParameters,
+                is_d3d9ex,
+                true);
+        fake_sub_swapchain[index]->AddRef();
+        *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(fake_sub_swapchain[index]);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
    int index = 0;
    bool create_swap_chain = false;
    bool create_fake_swap_chain = false;
@@ -271,6 +342,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateAdditionalSwapChain(
            // SMALL (subscreen)
            create_swap_chain = true;
            index = 0;
+
        } else if (pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth == 1080) {
            // LEFT/RIGHT
            create_swap_chain = true;
@@ -335,6 +407,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
 {
    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("GetSwapChain({})", iSwapChain);

+    if (ppSwapChain == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
    if (iSwapChain == 0) {
        if (!main_swapchain) {
            HRESULT ret = pReal->GetSwapChain(iSwapChain, ppSwapChain);
@@ -344,7 +420,12 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
                return ret;
            }

-            main_swapchain = new WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(this, *ppSwapChain);
+            main_swapchain = new WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+                    this,
+                    *ppSwapChain,
+                    is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+                            ? WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::NativeGroupHead::Main
+                            : WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::NativeGroupHead::Unknown);
        }

        main_swapchain->AddRef();
@@ -354,6 +435,39 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
        return D3D_OK;
    }

+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        if (is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain)) {
+            if (!sub_swapchain[0]) {
+                IDirect3DSwapChain9 *real_swapchain = nullptr;
+                HRESULT ret = pReal->GetSwapChain(
+                        GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                        &real_swapchain);
+                if (FAILED(ret)) {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                sub_swapchain[0] = new WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+                        this,
+                        real_swapchain,
+                        WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::NativeGroupHead::Small);
+                sub_swapchain[0]->should_run_hooks = false;
+            }
+
+            sub_swapchain[0]->AddRef();
+            *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(sub_swapchain[0]);
+            graphics_screens_register(iSwapChain);
+            return D3D_OK;
+        }
+        if (is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)) {
+            FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *swapchain =
+                    ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain);
+            swapchain->AddRef();
+            *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(swapchain);
+            graphics_screens_register(iSwapChain);
+            return D3D_OK;
+        }
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
    bool swap = false;
    if (iSwapChain == 1 && avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC", "M39"})) {
        swap = true;
@@ -390,6 +504,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
 UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetNumberOfSwapChains() {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;

+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        return GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+    }
+
    UINT n = pReal->GetNumberOfSwapChains();

    if (sub_swapchain[0] && avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC", "M39"})) {
@@ -453,6 +571,24 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetBackBuffer(
        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppBackBuffer)
 {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)->GetBackBuffer(
+                iBackBuffer,
+                Type,
+                ppBackBuffer);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetBackBuffer(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                iBackBuffer,
+                Type,
+                ppBackBuffer));
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetBackBuffer(iSwapChain, iBackBuffer, Type, ppBackBuffer));
 }

@@ -461,6 +597,20 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetRasterStatus(
        D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus)
 {
    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)->GetRasterStatus(
+                pRasterStatus);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetRasterStatus(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                pRasterStatus));
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetRasterStatus(iSwapChain, pRasterStatus));
 }

@@ -477,6 +627,18 @@ void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetGammaRamp(
        const D3DGAMMARAMP *pRamp)
 {
    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        pReal->SetGammaRamp(GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN, Flags, pRamp);
+        return;
+    }
+
    pReal->SetGammaRamp(iSwapChain, Flags, pRamp);
 }

@@ -485,6 +647,21 @@ void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetGammaRamp(
        D3DGAMMARAMP *pRamp)
 {
    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        if (pRamp != nullptr) {
+            *pRamp = {};
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        pReal->GetGammaRamp(GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN, pRamp);
+        return;
+    }
+
    pReal->GetGammaRamp(iSwapChain, pRamp);
 }

@@ -685,6 +862,19 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetFrontBufferData(
        IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface)
 {
    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFrontBufferData(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                pDestSurface));
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFrontBufferData(iSwapChain, pDestSurface));
 }

@@ -1049,7 +1239,36 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetViewport(
        D3DVIEWPORT9 *pViewport)
 {
    WRAP_DEBUG;
-    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetViewport(pViewport));
+    const auto result = pReal->GetViewport(pViewport);
+
+    // SDVX landscape mode
+    // without this, the game calculates the camera angle incorrectly and
+    // ends up with zoomed out view of the lanes
+    const auto landscape_width = GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION.has_value() ?
+        GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION.value().first : GRAPHICS_FS_ORIGINAL_HEIGHT;
+    const auto landscape_height = GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION.has_value() ?
+        GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION.value().second : GRAPHICS_FS_ORIGINAL_WIDTH;
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result) &&
+        GRAPHICS_FS_ORIENTATION_SWAP &&
+        avs::game::is_model("KFC") &&
+        pViewport != nullptr &&
+        pViewport->Width == landscape_width &&
+        pViewport->Height == landscape_height) {
+
+        static std::once_flag log_once;
+        std::call_once(log_once, [pViewport]() {
+            log_info(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "SDVX landscape viewport fix: {}x{} => {}x{}",
+                pViewport->Width,
+                pViewport->Height,
+                pViewport->Height,
+                pViewport->Width);
+        });
+        std::swap(pViewport->Width, pViewport->Height);
+    }
+
+    return result;
 }

 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetMaterial(
@@ -1779,6 +1998,18 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::WaitForVBlank(
    WRAP_DEBUG;

    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->WaitForVBlank(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN));
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->WaitForVBlank(iSwapChain));
 }

@@ -1882,6 +2113,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ResetEx(

    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ResetEx");

+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        gfdm_disarm_present_mode_recovery();
+        if (pPresentationParameters == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        release_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchains();
+    }
+
    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
        if (pPresentationParameters) {
            pPresentationParameters->Windowed = true;
@@ -1898,13 +2137,115 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ResetEx(
        }
    }

+    GfdmTwoHeadDeviceState gfdm_parameters(
+            pPresentationParameters,
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+            gfdm_logical_small_swapchain);
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        HRESULT result = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_select_two_head_group_parameters(
+                pPresentationParameters,
+                pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr
+                        ? gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes.data()
+                        : nullptr,
+                &gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain,
+                "ResetEx");
+        if (FAILED(result)) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(pPresentationParameters);
+        gfdm_parameters.use_native_parameters();
+        if (gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[0].Windowed
+                || gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].Windowed)
+        {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
+            gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1]
+                    .FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz =
+                    GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value();
+            if (gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr) {
+                gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[1].RefreshRate =
+                        GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value();
+            }
+        }
+        result = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_remap_two_head_group_parameters(
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes,
+                "ResetEx");
+        if (FAILED(result)) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        if (!graphics_gitadora_prepare_two_head_device_window(
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow,
+                    nullptr,
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].BackBufferWidth,
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].BackBufferHeight))
+        {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        if (gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr) {
+            IDirect3D9 *raw_d3d = nullptr;
+            IDirect3D9Ex *raw_d3d_ex = nullptr;
+            D3DDEVICE_CREATION_PARAMETERS creation {};
+            HRESULT raw_result = pReal->GetDirect3D(&raw_d3d);
+            if (SUCCEEDED(raw_result) && raw_d3d != nullptr) {
+                raw_result = raw_d3d->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&raw_d3d_ex));
+            }
+            if (SUCCEEDED(raw_result)) {
+                raw_result = pReal->GetCreationParameters(&creation);
+            }
+            if (SUCCEEDED(raw_result) && raw_d3d_ex != nullptr) {
+                graphics_d3d9_gfdm_align_two_head_refresh_to_desktop(
+                        raw_d3d_ex,
+                        creation.AdapterOrdinal,
+                        gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                        gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes,
+                        "ResetEx");
+            }
+            if (raw_d3d_ex != nullptr) {
+                raw_d3d_ex->Release();
+            }
+            if (raw_d3d != nullptr) {
+                raw_d3d->Release();
+            }
+            gfdm_parameters.recovery_parameters =
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters;
+            gfdm_parameters.recovery_modes =
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes;
+            gfdm_parameters.recovery_candidate = true;
+        }
+    }
+
    // reset overlay
    if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(pReal)) {
        overlay::OVERLAY->reset_invalidate();
    }

    HRESULT res = static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->ResetEx(
-            pPresentationParameters, pFullscreenDisplayMode);
+            gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters,
+            gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes);
+
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && SUCCEEDED(res)
+            && gfdm_parameters.recovery_candidate)
+    {
+        gfdm_arm_present_mode_recovery(
+                gfdm_parameters.recovery_parameters.data(),
+                gfdm_parameters.recovery_modes.data());
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && SUCCEEDED(res)) {
+        gfdm_logical_small_swapchain = gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain;
+        pPresentationParameters[0] = gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[0];
+        pPresentationParameters[gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain] =
+                gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[1];
+        if (pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr) {
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode[0] = gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[0];
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode[gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain] =
+                    gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[1];
+        }
+    }

    // recreate overlay
    if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(pReal) && SUCCEEDED(res)) {
@@ -1922,6 +2263,22 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDisplayModeEx(
    WRAP_DEBUG;

    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)->GetDisplayModeEx(
+                pMode,
+                pRotation);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->GetDisplayModeEx(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                pMode,
+                pRotation));
+    }
+
    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->GetDisplayModeEx(
            iSwapChain, pMode, pRotation));
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once

+#include <array>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>

 #include <initguid.h>
 #include <d3d9.h>
@@ -40,23 +42,54 @@ static const GUID IID_WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 = {
 void SurfaceHook(IDirect3DDevice9 *pReal);

 struct WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 : IDirect3DDevice9Ex {
-    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(HWND hFocusWindow, IDirect3DDevice9 *orig)
-        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false) {
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(
+            HWND hFocusWindow,
+            IDirect3DDevice9 *orig,
+            UINT gfdm_logical_small_swapchain = 2,
+            IDirect3D9 *gfdm_parent_d3d = nullptr,
+            const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *gfdm_logical_group_parameters = nullptr)
+        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow),
+          pReal(orig),
+          is_d3d9ex(false),
+          gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(gfdm_logical_small_swapchain),
+          gfdm_parent_d3d(gfdm_parent_d3d) {
+        if (this->gfdm_parent_d3d != nullptr) {
+            this->gfdm_parent_d3d->AddRef();
+        }
        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device = nullptr;

        // attempt to upgrade handle
        if (SUCCEEDED(this->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&device))) && device != nullptr) {
            device->Release();
        }
+        set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(gfdm_logical_group_parameters);
    }

-    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(HWND hFocusWindow, IDirect3DDevice9Ex *orig)
-        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true) {}
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(
+            HWND hFocusWindow,
+            IDirect3DDevice9Ex *orig,
+            UINT gfdm_logical_small_swapchain = 2,
+            IDirect3D9 *gfdm_parent_d3d = nullptr,
+            const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *gfdm_logical_group_parameters = nullptr)
+        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow),
+          pReal(orig),
+          is_d3d9ex(true),
+          gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(gfdm_logical_small_swapchain),
+          gfdm_parent_d3d(gfdm_parent_d3d) {
+        if (this->gfdm_parent_d3d != nullptr) {
+            this->gfdm_parent_d3d->AddRef();
+        }
+        set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(gfdm_logical_group_parameters);
+    }

    WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(const WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &) = delete;
    WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &operator=(const WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &) = delete;

-    virtual ~WrappedIDirect3DDevice9() = default;
+    virtual ~WrappedIDirect3DDevice9() {
+        if (gfdm_parent_d3d != nullptr) {
+            gfdm_parent_d3d->Release();
+        }
+    }

 #pragma region IUnknown
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
@@ -201,6 +234,27 @@ struct WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 : IDirect3DDevice9Ex {
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayModeEx(UINT iSwapChain, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode, D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation) override;
 #pragma endregion

+    bool is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() const;
+    bool is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(UINT swapchain) const;
+    bool is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(UINT swapchain) const;
+    size_t gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(UINT swapchain) const;
+    void set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(
+            const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters);
+    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(UINT iSwapChain);
+    void release_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchains();
+
+    enum class GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult {
+        NotAttempted,
+        ReadyToRetry,
+        Failed,
+    };
+    void gfdm_disarm_present_mode_recovery();
+    void gfdm_arm_present_mode_recovery(
+            const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *native_presentation_parameters,
+            const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *native_fullscreen_display_modes);
+    GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult gfdm_recover_present_mode_change(
+            HRESULT *failure_result);
+
    HWND const hFocusWindow;
    IDirect3DDevice9 *pReal;
    bool is_d3d9ex = false;
@@ -211,5 +265,17 @@ struct WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 : IDirect3DDevice9Ex {
    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 *sub_swapchain[3] = { nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *fake_sub_swapchain[3] = { nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };

+    UINT gfdm_logical_small_swapchain = 2;
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 4> gfdm_logical_group_parameters {};
+    bool gfdm_logical_group_parameters_valid = false;
+    IDirect3D9 *gfdm_parent_d3d = nullptr;
+
+    std::mutex gfdm_recovery_mutex;
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 2> gfdm_recovery_parameters {};
+    std::array<D3DDISPLAYMODEEX, 2> gfdm_recovery_modes {};
+    bool gfdm_recovery_armed = false;
+    std::atomic_bool gfdm_recovery_consumed {false};
+    const DWORD gfdm_device_creation_thread_id = GetCurrentThreadId();
+
    IDirect3DVertexShader9 *vertex_shader = nullptr;
 };
@@ -59,7 +59,12 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present(const RECT *pSourceRe
        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present");
    });

-    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    present_count.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetFrontBufferData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
@@ -86,11 +91,32 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetBackBuffer(UINT iBackBuffe
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetRasterStatus(D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus) {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
-    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pRasterStatus == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    *pRasterStatus = {};
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayMode(D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
-    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pMode == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    pMode->Width = present_params.BackBufferWidth;
+    pMode->Height = present_params.BackBufferHeight;
+    pMode->RefreshRate = present_params.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz;
+    pMode->Format = present_params.BackBufferFormat;
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDevice(IDirect3DDevice9 **ppDevice) {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
@@ -108,17 +134,46 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetPresentParameters(
        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters)
 {
    WRAP_VERBOSE;
-    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pPresentationParameters == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    *pPresentationParameters = present_params;
+    return D3D_OK;
 }

 // IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetLastPresentCount(UINT *pLastPresentCount) {
    assert(is_d3d9ex);
-    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pLastPresentCount == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    *pLastPresentCount = present_count.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetPresentStats(D3DPRESENTSTATS *pPresentationStatistics) {
    assert(is_d3d9ex);
-    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pPresentationStatistics == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    *pPresentationStatistics = {};
+    pPresentationStatistics->PresentCount =
+        present_count.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayModeEx(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode,
        D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation)
@@ -126,5 +181,22 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayModeEx(D3DDISPLAYMO
    WRAP_VERBOSE;

    assert(is_d3d9ex);
-    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pMode == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    pMode->Size = sizeof(*pMode);
+    pMode->Width = present_params.BackBufferWidth;
+    pMode->Height = present_params.BackBufferHeight;
+    pMode->RefreshRate = present_params.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz;
+    pMode->Format = present_params.BackBufferFormat;
+    pMode->ScanLineOrdering = D3DSCANLINEORDERING_PROGRESSIVE;
+    if (pRotation != nullptr) {
+        *pRotation = D3DDISPLAYROTATION_IDENTITY;
+    }
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
@@ -6,14 +6,19 @@
 #endif

 #include <atomic>
+#include <vector>

 #include <d3d9.h>

 #include "util/logging.h"

 struct FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
-    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDev, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params, bool is_d3d9ex) :
-        pDev(pDev), is_d3d9ex(is_d3d9ex)
+    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+            IDirect3DDevice9 *pDev,
+            D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params,
+            bool is_d3d9ex,
+            bool is_hidden = false) :
+        pDev(pDev), is_d3d9ex(is_d3d9ex), is_hidden(is_hidden)
    {
        // copy presentation parameters
        memcpy(&this->present_params, present_params, sizeof(this->present_params));
@@ -78,8 +83,10 @@ struct FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {

    IDirect3DDevice9 *const pDev;
    bool is_d3d9ex;
+    bool is_hidden;

    std::atomic<ULONG> ref_cnt = 1;
+    std::atomic<UINT> present_count = 0;

    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS present_params {};
    std::vector<IDirect3DSurface9 *> render_targets;
@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+#include "d3d9_gfdm.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "games/gitadora/gitadora.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "d3d9_device.h"
+
+bool gfdm_two_head_exclusive() {
+    return games::gitadora::is_arena_model()
+            && games::gitadora::ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE
+            && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED;
+}
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_select_two_head_group_parameters(
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *logical_presentation_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *logical_fullscreen_display_modes,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *native_presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *native_fullscreen_display_modes,
+        UINT *logical_small_swapchain,
+        const char *operation)
+{
+    if (!gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            || logical_presentation_parameters == nullptr
+            || native_presentation_parameters == nullptr
+            || logical_small_swapchain == nullptr)
+    {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    UINT small_slot = GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+    for (UINT i = 1; i < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT; i++) {
+        const auto &params = logical_presentation_parameters[i];
+        if (params.BackBufferWidth != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+                || params.BackBufferHeight != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (small_slot != GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT) {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: {} found multiple SMALL slots: {} and {}",
+                    operation,
+                    small_slot,
+                    i);
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        small_slot = i;
+    }
+
+    if (small_slot == GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} could not find an 800x1280 logical SMALL descriptor",
+                operation);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (logical_fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr
+            && (logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot].Width != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+                    || logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot].Height != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT))
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} SMALL slot {} mode is {}x{}, expected {}x{}",
+                operation,
+                small_slot,
+                logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot].Width,
+                logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot].Height,
+                GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH,
+                GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    native_presentation_parameters[0] = logical_presentation_parameters[0];
+    native_presentation_parameters[1] = logical_presentation_parameters[small_slot];
+    if (logical_fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr
+            && native_fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr)
+    {
+        native_fullscreen_display_modes[0] = logical_fullscreen_display_modes[0];
+        native_fullscreen_display_modes[1] = logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot];
+    }
+
+    log_info(
+            "graphics::d3d9",
+            "two-head exclusive: {} selected logical SMALL slot {} -> native group head 1{}",
+            operation,
+            small_slot,
+            logical_presentation_parameters[small_slot].hDeviceWindow == GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW
+                    ? " (named SMALL host)"
+                    : "");
+    *logical_small_swapchain = small_slot;
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+
+bool is_fake_subscreen_adapter(UINT adapter) {
+    // MAIN and SMALL remain native D3D heads; LEFT/RIGHT are virtual.
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        return adapter >= 2 && adapter < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+    }
+
+    return FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && adapter > 0;
+}
+
+void get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(
+        UINT adapter,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODE *mode)
+{
+    (void) adapter;
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        mode->Width = GFDM_SIDE_WIDTH;
+        mode->Height = GFDM_SIDE_HEIGHT;
+    } else {
+        mode->Width = 1280;
+        mode->Height = 800;
+    }
+    mode->RefreshRate = 60;
+    mode->Format = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
+}
+
+void get_fake_subscreen_display_mode_ex(
+        UINT adapter,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *mode)
+{
+    D3DDISPLAYMODE legacy_mode {};
+    get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(adapter, &legacy_mode);
+
+    mode->Size = sizeof(*mode);
+    mode->Width = legacy_mode.Width;
+    mode->Height = legacy_mode.Height;
+    mode->RefreshRate = legacy_mode.RefreshRate;
+    mode->Format = legacy_mode.Format;
+    mode->ScanLineOrdering = D3DSCANLINEORDERING_PROGRESSIVE;
+}
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_remap_two_head_group_parameters(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+        const char *operation)
+{
+    if (!gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+    if (presentation_parameters == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    auto &secondary = presentation_parameters[1];
+    if (secondary.BackBufferWidth != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+            || secondary.BackBufferHeight != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT)
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} expected physical SMALL {}x{} at group slot 1, got {}x{}",
+                operation,
+                GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH,
+                GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT,
+                secondary.BackBufferWidth,
+                secondary.BackBufferHeight);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW == nullptr || !IsWindow(GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW)) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} cannot use the named SMALL window as physical group head 1",
+                operation);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    secondary.hDeviceWindow = GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW;
+
+    if (fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr
+            && (fullscreen_display_modes[1].Width != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+                    || fullscreen_display_modes[1].Height != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT))
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} SMALL head mode is {}x{}, expected 800x1280",
+                operation,
+                fullscreen_display_modes[1].Width,
+                fullscreen_display_modes[1].Height);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+
+void graphics_d3d9_gfdm_align_two_head_refresh_to_desktop(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        UINT master_adapter,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+        const char *operation)
+{
+    if (d3d == nullptr
+            || presentation_parameters == nullptr
+            || fullscreen_display_modes == nullptr)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (UINT head = 0; head < 2; head++) {
+        const bool explicitly_forced =
+                (head == 0 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0)
+                || (head == 1 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value());
+        if (explicitly_forced) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX desktop_mode {};
+        desktop_mode.Size = sizeof(desktop_mode);
+        D3DDISPLAYROTATION rotation = D3DDISPLAYROTATION_IDENTITY;
+        const HRESULT result = d3d->GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(
+                master_adapter + head,
+                &desktop_mode,
+                &rotation);
+        if (FAILED(result)) {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: {} could not query native head {} desktop refresh, hr={}",
+                    operation,
+                    head,
+                    FMT_HRESULT(result));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const auto &parameters = presentation_parameters[head];
+        if (desktop_mode.Width != parameters.BackBufferWidth
+                || desktop_mode.Height != parameters.BackBufferHeight
+                || desktop_mode.Format != parameters.BackBufferFormat
+                || desktop_mode.RefreshRate == 0)
+        {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: {} head {} mode differs from the desktop",
+                    operation,
+                    head);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (parameters.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz != desktop_mode.RefreshRate
+                || fullscreen_display_modes[head].RefreshRate != desktop_mode.RefreshRate)
+        {
+            log_info(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: {} head {} refresh {} / {} -> {} (rotation {})",
+                    operation,
+                    head,
+                    parameters.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
+                    fullscreen_display_modes[head].RefreshRate,
+                    desktop_mode.RefreshRate,
+                    static_cast<UINT>(rotation));
+            presentation_parameters[head].FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz =
+                    desktop_mode.RefreshRate;
+            fullscreen_display_modes[head].RefreshRate =
+                    desktop_mode.RefreshRate;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+HRESULT validate_gfdm_two_head_exclusive(
+        IDirect3D9 *d3d,
+        UINT adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE device_type,
+        DWORD behavior_flags,
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters)
+{
+    if (!(behavior_flags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE)) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode requires D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE");
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+    if (adapter != 0) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive mode currently requires master adapter 0, game requested {}",
+                adapter);
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+    if (presentation_parameters == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    const UINT native_adapter_count = d3d->GetAdapterCount();
+    if (native_adapter_count != 2) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode requires two native D3D9 adapters; found {}",
+                native_adapter_count);
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    D3DCAPS9 caps {};
+    const HRESULT caps_result = d3d->GetDeviceCaps(adapter, device_type, &caps);
+    if (FAILED(caps_result)) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive mode could not query native adapter caps, hr={}",
+                FMT_HRESULT(caps_result));
+        return caps_result;
+    }
+    if (caps.MasterAdapterOrdinal != adapter
+            || caps.AdapterOrdinalInGroup != 0
+            || caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup != 2)
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "invalid adapter group: master={}, index={}, size={}",
+                caps.MasterAdapterOrdinal,
+                caps.AdapterOrdinalInGroup,
+                caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup);
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    const auto &main = presentation_parameters[0];
+    const auto &small_params = presentation_parameters[1];
+    if (main.Windowed || small_params.Windowed) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive mode requires both group heads to be fullscreen");
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    if (small_params.BackBufferWidth != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+            || small_params.BackBufferHeight != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT)
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "SMALL head must be {}x{}; got {}x{}",
+                GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH,
+                GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT,
+                small_params.BackBufferWidth,
+                small_params.BackBufferHeight);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    if (main.EnableAutoDepthStencil != small_params.EnableAutoDepthStencil) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode requires matching automatic depth-stencil settings");
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    if (main.EnableAutoDepthStencil
+            && (main.AutoDepthStencilFormat != small_params.AutoDepthStencilFormat
+                    || main.BackBufferWidth != small_params.BackBufferWidth
+                    || main.BackBufferHeight != small_params.BackBufferHeight
+                    || main.BackBufferFormat != small_params.BackBufferFormat))
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode cannot use unequal sizes with automatic depth-stencil");
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+
+static bool gfdm_find_alternate_small_mode(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        UINT adapter,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX &desired,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *alternate)
+{
+    if (d3d == nullptr || alternate == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEFILTER filter {};
+    filter.Size = sizeof(filter);
+    filter.Format = desired.Format;
+    filter.ScanLineOrdering = D3DSCANLINEORDERING_UNKNOWN;
+    const UINT count = d3d->GetAdapterModeCountEx(adapter, &filter);
+    const bool portrait = desired.Width < desired.Height;
+
+    for (UINT index = 0; index < count; index++) {
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX mode {};
+        mode.Size = sizeof(mode);
+        if (FAILED(d3d->EnumAdapterModesEx(adapter, &filter, index, &mode))
+                || mode.Width != desired.Width
+                || mode.Height != desired.Height
+                || mode.Format != desired.Format
+                || (mode.RefreshRate == desired.RefreshRate
+                        && mode.ScanLineOrdering == desired.ScanLineOrdering))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        *alternate = mode;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    for (int preserve_orientation = 1; preserve_orientation >= 0; preserve_orientation--) {
+        for (int preserve_refresh = 1; preserve_refresh >= 0; preserve_refresh--) {
+            for (UINT index = 0; index < count; index++) {
+                D3DDISPLAYMODEEX mode {};
+                mode.Size = sizeof(mode);
+                if (FAILED(d3d->EnumAdapterModesEx(adapter, &filter, index, &mode))
+                        || (mode.Width == desired.Width && mode.Height == desired.Height)
+                        || mode.Format != desired.Format)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (preserve_orientation && (mode.Width < mode.Height) != portrait) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (preserve_refresh && mode.RefreshRate != desired.RefreshRate) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                *alternate = mode;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool gfdm_wait_for_small_mode(
+        HWND window,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX &expected)
+{
+    const HMONITOR monitor =
+            window != nullptr ? MonitorFromWindow(window, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL) : nullptr;
+    MONITORINFOEXA monitor_info {};
+    monitor_info.cbSize = sizeof(monitor_info);
+    if (monitor == nullptr || !GetMonitorInfoA(monitor, &monitor_info)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (UINT poll = 0; poll < 50; poll++) {
+        DEVMODEA current {};
+        current.dmSize = sizeof(current);
+        if (EnumDisplaySettingsExA(
+                    monitor_info.szDevice,
+                    ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,
+                    &current,
+                    0)
+                && current.dmPelsWidth == expected.Width
+                && current.dmPelsHeight == expected.Height
+                && (expected.RefreshRate == 0
+                        || current.dmDisplayFrequency == expected.RefreshRate))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        Sleep(10);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_recover_two_head_present_mode(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device,
+        UINT master_adapter,
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *desired_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *desired_modes)
+{
+    if (d3d == nullptr
+            || device == nullptr
+            || desired_parameters == nullptr
+            || desired_modes == nullptr)
+    {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX alternate_small {};
+    if (!gfdm_find_alternate_small_mode(
+                d3d,
+                master_adapter + 1,
+                desired_modes[1],
+                &alternate_small))
+    {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "no alternate SMALL mode is available for recovery");
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS temporary_parameters[2] {
+            desired_parameters[0],
+            desired_parameters[1]};
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX temporary_modes[2] {
+            desired_modes[0],
+            desired_modes[1]};
+    temporary_parameters[1].BackBufferWidth = alternate_small.Width;
+    temporary_parameters[1].BackBufferHeight = alternate_small.Height;
+    temporary_parameters[1].BackBufferFormat = alternate_small.Format;
+    temporary_parameters[1].FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = alternate_small.RefreshRate;
+    temporary_modes[1] = alternate_small;
+
+    HRESULT temporary_result = device->ResetEx(temporary_parameters, temporary_modes);
+    const bool temporary_settled =
+            temporary_result == D3D_OK
+            && gfdm_wait_for_small_mode(desired_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow, alternate_small);
+
+    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS restore_parameters[2] {
+            desired_parameters[0],
+            desired_parameters[1]};
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX restore_modes[2] {
+            desired_modes[0],
+            desired_modes[1]};
+    HRESULT restore_result = device->ResetEx(restore_parameters, restore_modes);
+    const bool restore_settled =
+            restore_result == D3D_OK
+            && gfdm_wait_for_small_mode(desired_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow, desired_modes[1]);
+
+    if (temporary_result != D3D_OK) {
+        return temporary_result;
+    }
+    if (restore_result != D3D_OK) {
+        return restore_result;
+    }
+    if (!temporary_settled || !restore_settled) {
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+    return device->CheckDeviceState(desired_parameters[0].hDeviceWindow) == D3D_OK
+            ? D3D_OK
+            : D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+}
+
+bool WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() const {
+    return ::gfdm_two_head_exclusive();
+}
+
+bool WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(
+        UINT swapchain) const
+{
+    return swapchain == gfdm_logical_small_swapchain;
+}
+
+bool WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(
+        UINT swapchain) const
+{
+    return swapchain > 0
+            && swapchain < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT
+            && swapchain != gfdm_logical_small_swapchain;
+}
+
+size_t WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(
+        UINT swapchain) const
+{
+    assert(is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(swapchain));
+    return swapchain < gfdm_logical_small_swapchain
+            ? swapchain
+            : swapchain - 1;
+}
+
+void WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters)
+{
+    if (presentation_parameters == nullptr) {
+        gfdm_logical_group_parameters_valid = false;
+        return;
+    }
+    std::copy_n(
+            presentation_parameters,
+            gfdm_logical_group_parameters.size(),
+            gfdm_logical_group_parameters.begin());
+    gfdm_logical_group_parameters_valid = true;
+}
+
+FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *
+WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(UINT iSwapChain) {
+    assert(is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain));
+
+    const size_t index = gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(iSwapChain);
+    if (fake_sub_swapchain[index] == nullptr) {
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS params {};
+        if (gfdm_logical_group_parameters_valid) {
+            params = gfdm_logical_group_parameters[iSwapChain];
+        } else {
+            params.BackBufferWidth = 1080;
+            params.BackBufferHeight = 1920;
+            params.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
+            params.BackBufferCount = 1;
+            params.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
+            params.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
+            params.Windowed = FALSE;
+            params.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 60;
+            params.EnableAutoDepthStencil = FALSE;
+            params.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;
+        }
+        fake_sub_swapchain[index] = new FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+                this,
+                &params,
+                is_d3d9ex,
+                true);
+    }
+    return fake_sub_swapchain[index];
+}
+
+void WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::release_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchains() {
+    for (UINT i = 1; i < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (!is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(i)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const size_t index = gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(i);
+        if (fake_sub_swapchain[index] != nullptr) {
+            fake_sub_swapchain[index]->Release();
+            fake_sub_swapchain[index] = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::gfdm_disarm_present_mode_recovery() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gfdm_recovery_mutex);
+    gfdm_recovery_armed = false;
+    gfdm_recovery_consumed.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+void WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::gfdm_arm_present_mode_recovery(
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *native_presentation_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *native_fullscreen_display_modes)
+{
+    if (native_presentation_parameters == nullptr
+            || native_fullscreen_display_modes == nullptr)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gfdm_recovery_mutex);
+    gfdm_recovery_parameters[0] = native_presentation_parameters[0];
+    gfdm_recovery_parameters[1] = native_presentation_parameters[1];
+    gfdm_recovery_modes[0] = native_fullscreen_display_modes[0];
+    gfdm_recovery_modes[1] = native_fullscreen_display_modes[1];
+    if (gfdm_recovery_modes[0].Size == 0) {
+        gfdm_recovery_modes[0].Size = sizeof(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX);
+    }
+    if (gfdm_recovery_modes[1].Size == 0) {
+        gfdm_recovery_modes[1].Size = sizeof(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX);
+    }
+    gfdm_recovery_armed =
+            !gfdm_recovery_parameters[0].Windowed
+            && !gfdm_recovery_parameters[1].Windowed
+            && IsWindow(gfdm_recovery_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow);
+    gfdm_recovery_consumed.store(
+            !gfdm_recovery_armed,
+            std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult
+WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::gfdm_recover_present_mode_change(
+        HRESULT *failure_result)
+{
+    if (failure_result != nullptr) {
+        *failure_result = D3D_OK;
+    }
+    if (!is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() || !is_d3d9ex
+            || gfdm_recovery_consumed.exchange(
+                    true,
+                    std::memory_order_acq_rel))
+    {
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::NotAttempted;
+    }
+    if (GetCurrentThreadId() != gfdm_device_creation_thread_id) {
+        if (failure_result != nullptr) {
+            *failure_result = D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::Failed;
+    }
+
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 2> parameters {};
+    std::array<D3DDISPLAYMODEEX, 2> modes {};
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gfdm_recovery_mutex);
+        if (!gfdm_recovery_armed) {
+            return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::NotAttempted;
+        }
+        parameters = gfdm_recovery_parameters;
+        modes = gfdm_recovery_modes;
+    }
+
+    IDirect3D9 *raw_d3d = nullptr;
+    HRESULT result = pReal->GetDirect3D(&raw_d3d);
+    IDirect3D9Ex *raw_d3d_ex = nullptr;
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result)) {
+        result = raw_d3d != nullptr
+                ? raw_d3d->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&raw_d3d_ex))
+                : E_FAIL;
+    }
+    D3DDEVICE_CREATION_PARAMETERS creation {};
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result)) {
+        result = pReal->GetCreationParameters(&creation);
+    }
+    if (FAILED(result) || raw_d3d_ex == nullptr) {
+        if (raw_d3d_ex != nullptr) {
+            raw_d3d_ex->Release();
+        }
+        if (raw_d3d != nullptr) {
+            raw_d3d->Release();
+        }
+        if (failure_result != nullptr) {
+            *failure_result = result;
+        }
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::Failed;
+    }
+
+    result = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_recover_two_head_present_mode(
+            raw_d3d_ex,
+            static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal),
+            creation.AdapterOrdinal,
+            parameters.data(),
+            modes.data());
+    raw_d3d_ex->Release();
+    raw_d3d->Release();
+
+    if (result == D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE) {
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::NotAttempted;
+    }
+    if (FAILED(result)) {
+        if (failure_result != nullptr) {
+            *failure_result = result;
+        }
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::Failed;
+    }
+    return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::ReadyToRetry;
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_SIDE_WIDTH = 1080;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_SIDE_HEIGHT = 1920;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH = 800;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT = 1280;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT = 4;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN = 1;
+
+struct GfdmTwoHeadDeviceState {
+    explicit GfdmTwoHeadDeviceState(
+            D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+            D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+            UINT logical_small_swapchain = 2)
+        : presentation_parameters(presentation_parameters),
+          fullscreen_display_modes(fullscreen_display_modes),
+          logical_small_swapchain(logical_small_swapchain) {}
+
+    void use_native_parameters() {
+        presentation_parameters = native_presentation_parameters.data();
+        fullscreen_display_modes = source_fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr
+                ? native_fullscreen_display_modes.data()
+                : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 2> native_presentation_parameters {};
+    std::array<D3DDISPLAYMODEEX, 2> native_fullscreen_display_modes {};
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 2> recovery_parameters {};
+    std::array<D3DDISPLAYMODEEX, 2> recovery_modes {};
+    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters;
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes;
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *const source_fullscreen_display_modes = fullscreen_display_modes;
+    UINT logical_small_swapchain;
+    bool recovery_candidate = false;
+};
+
+bool gfdm_two_head_exclusive();
+bool is_fake_subscreen_adapter(UINT adapter);
+void get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(UINT adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODE *mode);
+void get_fake_subscreen_display_mode_ex(UINT adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *mode);
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_select_two_head_group_parameters(
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *logical_presentation_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *logical_fullscreen_display_modes,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *native_presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *native_fullscreen_display_modes,
+        UINT *logical_small_swapchain,
+        const char *operation);
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_remap_two_head_group_parameters(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+        const char *operation);
+
+void graphics_d3d9_gfdm_align_two_head_refresh_to_desktop(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        UINT master_adapter,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+        const char *operation);
+
+HRESULT validate_gfdm_two_head_exclusive(
+        IDirect3D9 *d3d,
+        UINT adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE device_type,
+        DWORD behavior_flags,
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters);
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_recover_two_head_present_mode(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device,
+        UINT master_adapter,
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *desired_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *desired_modes);
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::QueryInterface(REFIID riid
        return E_POINTER;
    }

-    if (//riid == __uuidof(IUnknown) || Ignore IUnknown, it's often queried to test object equality between different interfaces
+    if ((riid == IID_IUnknown && pDev->is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) ||
        riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9 ||
        riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex)
    {
@@ -89,7 +89,42 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present(const RECT *pSourc
        graphics_d3d9_on_present(pDev->hFocusWindow, pDev->pReal, pDev);
    }

-    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->Present(pSourceRect, pDestRect, hDestWindowOverride, pDirtyRegion, dwFlags));
+    HRESULT result = pReal->Present(
+            pSourceRect,
+            pDestRect,
+            hDestWindowOverride,
+            pDirtyRegion,
+            dwFlags);
+
+    // Some drivers report S_PRESENT_MODE_CHANGED after Windows moves the portrait SMALL
+    // head into the requested exclusive mode, leaving both group heads black. Toggle SMALL
+    // through another supported mode and restore it once, then retry the interrupted MAIN
+    // present. Recovery is restricted to the creation thread and consumes its armed state,
+    // so subsequent presents cannot repeat the mode switch.
+    if (pDev->is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && native_group_head == NativeGroupHead::Main
+            && result == S_PRESENT_MODE_CHANGED)
+    {
+        HRESULT recovery_failure = D3D_OK;
+        const auto recovery = pDev->gfdm_recover_present_mode_change(
+                &recovery_failure);
+        if (recovery
+                == WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::ReadyToRetry)
+        {
+            result = pReal->Present(
+                    pSourceRect,
+                    pDestRect,
+                    hDestWindowOverride,
+                    pDirtyRegion,
+                    dwFlags);
+        } else if (recovery
+                        == WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::Failed
+                && FAILED(recovery_failure))
+        {
+            result = recovery_failure;
+        }
+    }
+    CHECK_RESULT(result);
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetFrontBufferData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) {
    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFrontBufferData(pDestSurface));
@@ -5,8 +5,13 @@
 interface WrappedIDirect3DDevice9;

 struct WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
-    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev, IDirect3DSwapChain9 *orig) :
-        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false)
+    enum class NativeGroupHead { Unknown, Main, Small };
+
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+            WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev,
+            IDirect3DSwapChain9 *orig,
+            NativeGroupHead native_group_head = NativeGroupHead::Unknown) :
+        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false), native_group_head(native_group_head)
    {
        IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *swapchain = nullptr;

@@ -16,8 +21,11 @@ struct WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
        }
    }

-    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev, IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *orig) :
-        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true)
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+            WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev,
+            IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *orig,
+            NativeGroupHead native_group_head = NativeGroupHead::Unknown) :
+        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true), native_group_head(native_group_head)
    {
    }

@@ -53,6 +61,7 @@ struct WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {

    IDirect3DSwapChain9 *pReal;
    bool is_d3d9ex = false;
+    NativeGroupHead native_group_head = NativeGroupHead::Unknown;

    bool should_run_hooks = true;
 };
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "games/ddr/ddr.h"
 #include "games/gitadora/gitadora.h"
 #include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
 #include "games/popn/popn.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/backends/d3d11/d3d11_backend.h"
@@ -44,6 +45,8 @@ HWND SDVX_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
 HWND GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
 static HWND GFDM_LEFT_WINDOW = nullptr;
 static HWND GFDM_RIGHT_WINDOW = nullptr;
+static HMONITOR GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_MONITOR = nullptr;
+static HWND GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_WINDOW = nullptr;
 HWND POPN_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
 bool FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER = false;

@@ -183,6 +186,13 @@ static bool is_gfdm_known_window(HWND hWnd) {
    return gitadora_window_name_for_hwnd(hWnd) != nullptr;
 }

+static bool is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(HWND hWnd) {
+    return games::gitadora::is_arena_model() &&
+        games::gitadora::ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE &&
+        hWnd != nullptr &&
+        hWnd == GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_WINDOW;
+}
+
 static bool gitadora_should_block_game_window_placement(HWND hWnd) {
    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED || !games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
        return false;
@@ -204,6 +214,95 @@ static void gitadora_remember_window(HWND hWnd, const std::string &window_name)
    }
 }

+bool graphics_gitadora_prepare_two_head_device_window(
+        HWND hWnd, HMONITOR target_monitor, UINT desired_width, UINT desired_height) {
+    if (hWnd == nullptr || !IsWindow(hWnd)) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: native secondary device window is invalid: {}",
+            fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (ShowWindow_orig == nullptr || SetWindowLongA_orig == nullptr ||
+            SetWindowPos_orig == nullptr) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: window hooks are not initialized for {}",
+            fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    RECT rect_before {};
+    GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect_before);
+    const DWORD style_before = static_cast<DWORD>(GetWindowLongA(hWnd, GWL_STYLE));
+    const BOOL visible_before = IsWindowVisible(hWnd);
+
+    if (target_monitor != nullptr) {
+        GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_MONITOR = target_monitor;
+    }
+    const HMONITOR monitor = target_monitor != nullptr
+        ? target_monitor
+        : (GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_MONITOR != nullptr
+            ? GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_MONITOR
+            : MonitorFromWindow(hWnd, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL));
+    MONITORINFO monitor_info {};
+    monitor_info.cbSize = sizeof(monitor_info);
+    if (monitor == nullptr || !GetMonitorInfoA(monitor, &monitor_info)) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: could not find the SMALL monitor for {}",
+            fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Arena requests D3DCREATE_NOWINDOWCHANGES, so place its SMALL window on
+    // the second head before D3D9 takes ownership of it.
+    const DWORD fullscreen_style = (style_before & ~WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW) | WS_POPUP;
+    const bool style_changed = fullscreen_style != style_before;
+    if (style_changed) {
+        SetWindowLongA_orig(hWnd, GWL_STYLE, static_cast<LONG>(fullscreen_style));
+    }
+    const RECT &monitor_rect = monitor_info.rcMonitor;
+    const int host_width = desired_width != 0
+        ? static_cast<int>(desired_width)
+        : monitor_rect.right - monitor_rect.left;
+    const int host_height = desired_height != 0
+        ? static_cast<int>(desired_height)
+        : monitor_rect.bottom - monitor_rect.top;
+    const bool rect_changed = rect_before.left != monitor_rect.left ||
+        rect_before.top != monitor_rect.top ||
+        rect_before.right != monitor_rect.left + host_width ||
+        rect_before.bottom != monitor_rect.top + host_height;
+    if ((style_changed || rect_changed) && !SetWindowPos_orig(
+        hWnd,
+        HWND_TOP,
+        monitor_rect.left,
+        monitor_rect.top,
+        host_width,
+        host_height,
+        SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_NOOWNERZORDER | SWP_FRAMECHANGED)) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: failed to place SMALL window, error={}",
+            GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!visible_before) {
+        ShowWindow_orig(hWnd, SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE);
+    }
+    if (MonitorFromWindow(hWnd, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL) != monitor) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: SMALL window {} is on the wrong monitor",
+            fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_WINDOW = hWnd;
+    return true;
+}
+
 static bool gitadora_should_allow_small_resize() {
    return GRAPHICS_WINDOWED &&
        games::gitadora::is_arena_model() &&
@@ -618,9 +717,16 @@ static HWND WINAPI CreateWindowExA_hook(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCSTR lpClassName, LPC
    }

    // only hook touch window if multiple windows are allowed
-    if (is_gfdm_sub_window && GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
+    if (gfdm_window_name == "LEFT" || gfdm_window_name == "RIGHT") {
        gitadora_remember_window(result, gfdm_window_name);
-        graphics_hook_subscreen_window(GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_sub_window &&
+            ((GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) ||
+             games::gitadora::ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE)) {
+        gitadora_remember_window(result, gfdm_window_name);
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
+            graphics_hook_subscreen_window(GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);
+        }
    }
    if (is_gfdm_window && GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
        gitadora_force_window_style(result);
@@ -767,6 +873,10 @@ static BOOL WINAPI MoveWindow_hook(HWND hWnd, int X, int Y, int nWidth, int nHei
        nHeight,
        bRepaint);

+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd)) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
    // sound voltex windowed mode adjustments
    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && GRAPHICS_SDVX_FORCE_720 && avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
        RECT rect {};
@@ -874,6 +984,11 @@ static HCURSOR WINAPI SetCursor_hook(HCURSOR hCursor) {

 static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongA_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {

+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd) &&
+            (nIndex == GWL_STYLE || nIndex == GWL_EXSTYLE)) {
+        return GetWindowLongA(hWnd, nIndex);
+    }
+
    // DDR window style fix
    if (nIndex == GWL_STYLE && avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
        dwNewLong |= WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
@@ -894,6 +1009,11 @@ static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongA_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {

 static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongW_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {

+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd) &&
+            (nIndex == GWL_STYLE || nIndex == GWL_EXSTYLE)) {
+        return GetWindowLongW(hWnd, nIndex);
+    }
+
    // DDR overlapped window fix
    if (nIndex == GWL_STYLE && avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
        dwNewLong |= WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
@@ -915,6 +1035,12 @@ static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongW_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {
 static BOOL WINAPI SetWindowPos_hook(HWND hWnd, HWND hWndInsertAfter,
        int X, int Y, int cx, int cy, UINT uFlags) {

+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd) &&
+            ((uFlags & SWP_HIDEWINDOW) ||
+             (uFlags & (SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE)) != (SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE))) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
    // windowed mode adjustments
    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && (avs::game::is_model("LMA") || avs::game::is_model("MDX"))) {
        return TRUE;
@@ -939,6 +1065,13 @@ static BOOL WINAPI SetWindowPos_hook(HWND hWnd, HWND hWndInsertAfter,
 }

 static BOOL WINAPI ShowWindow_hook(HWND hWnd, int nCmdShow) {
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd) &&
+            (nCmdShow == SW_HIDE || nCmdShow == SW_MINIMIZE ||
+             nCmdShow == SW_SHOWMINIMIZED || nCmdShow == SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE ||
+             nCmdShow == SW_FORCEMINIMIZE)) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
    if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model() &&
        GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS &&
        hWnd != GRAPHICS_HOOKED_WINDOW) {
@@ -119,6 +119,15 @@ extern bool D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE;

 void graphics_init();
 void graphics_hook_window(HWND hWnd, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters);
+// The native GITADORA two-head D3D9 group uses the game's named SMALL
+// device window for the native physical SMALL head. The game requests
+// D3DCREATE_NOWINDOWCHANGES, so this host must be made borderless and sized
+// to the requested native SMALL mode before the native fullscreen device is
+// created. During the adapter-group startup warmup, the monitor can briefly
+// report a different mode; preserve its origin but not that temporary size.
+bool graphics_gitadora_prepare_two_head_device_window(
+    HWND hWnd, HMONITOR target_monitor = nullptr, UINT desired_width = 0,
+    UINT desired_height = 0);
 void graphics_add_wnd_proc(WNDPROC wndProc);
 void graphics_remove_wnd_proc(WNDPROC wndProc);
 void graphics_hook_subscreen_window(HWND hWnd);
@@ -296,8 +296,9 @@ void hooks::lang::early_init() {
            &GetLocaleInfoA_orig);
    }

-    // for TDJ subscreen search keyboard
-    if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && games::iidx::TDJ_MODE) {
+    // for TDJ subscreen search keyboard and T44 narrow-string handling
+    if ((avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && games::iidx::TDJ_MODE) ||
+        avs::game::is_model("T44")) {
        log_info("hooks::lang", "hooking IsDBCSLeadByte");
        detour::trampoline_try(
            "kernel32.dll",
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ void hooks::lang::early_init() {
            &IsDBCSLeadByte_orig);
    }

-    if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
+    if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model() || avs::game::is_model("T44")) {
        log_info("hooks::lang", "hooking WideCharToMultiByte");
        detour::trampoline_try(
            "kernel32.dll",
@@ -644,6 +644,9 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadGitaDoraModule].value_bool()) {
        attach_gitadora = true;
    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraDisableFrameLimiter].value_bool()) {
+        games::gitadora::DISABLE_FRAME_LIMITER = true;
+    }
    if (options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraCabinetType].is_active()) {
        games::gitadora::CAB_TYPE = options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraCabinetType].value_uint32();
    }
@@ -1702,18 +1705,13 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        }
    }

-    // SDVXFullscreenLandscape disabled due to it messing with in-game camera angle
-    // FullscreenOrientationFlip continues to live on, however.
-    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXFullscreenLandscape].value_bool() && !cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
-        log_fatal("launcher", "-sdvxlandscape removed due to a camera bug in SDVX!");
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXFullscreenLandscape].value_bool() && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+#if SPICE64
+        GRAPHICS_FS_ORIENTATION_SWAP = true;
+#else
+        log_warning("launcher", "-sdvxlandscape is not supported in 32-bit SDVX, ignoring...");
+#endif
    }
-//  if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXFullscreenLandscape].value_bool() && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-// #if SPICE64
-//         GRAPHICS_FS_ORIENTATION_SWAP = true;
-// #else
-//         log_warning("launcher", "-sdvxlandscape is not supported in 32-bit SDVX, ignoring...");
-// #endif
-//   }

    if (options[launcher::Options::FullscreenOrientationFlip].value_bool() && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
        GRAPHICS_FS_ORIENTATION_SWAP = true;
@@ -1855,6 +1853,13 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                break;
            }

+            if (check_dll("jubeat2019.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "jubeat2019.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_jb = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
            // RB
            if (check_dll("reflecbeat.dll")) {
                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "reflecbeat.dll";
@@ -2283,7 +2288,7 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        games.push_back(new games::sdvx::SDVXGame());
    }
    if (attach_jb) {
-        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("jubeat.dll");
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size(avs::game::DLL_NAME);
        games.push_back(new games::jb::JBGame());
    }
    if (attach_nostalgia) {
@@ -330,9 +330,8 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
        .desc =
            "Allows you to play portrait games in landscape (and vice versa) by transposing resolution and applying image scaling.\n\n"
            "Works great for some games, but can COMPLETELY BREAK other games - YMMV!\n\n"
-            "Strongly consider combining this with -forceres option to render at monitor native resolution\n\n"
-            "WARNING: for SDVX, this messes with camera angle for note lanes, causing it to be zoomed out, and causes performance issues "
-            "with Live2D!",
+            "Strongly consider combining this with -forceres option to render at monitor native resolution.\n\n"
+            "For SDVX, use the dedicated -sdvxlandscape option.",
        .type = OptionType::Bool,
        .hidden = true,
        .category = "Full Screen Settings"
@@ -1203,6 +1202,19 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
        .category = "Game Options",
        .quick_setting_category = "Game",
    },
+    {
+        .title = "GitaDora Disable Frame Limiter (EXPERIMENTAL)",
+        .name = "gdnoframelimiter",
+        .desc = "Only for GITADORA to GALAXY WAVE; not for XG series or Arena Model.\n\n"
+            "Game engine's built-in frame limiter can result in unstable frame pacing "
+            "(around 56-58 FPS) on modern Windows. Turning this on disables that and "
+            "forces the game to rely on V-Sync instead, resulting in a stable FPS.\n\n"
+            "Ensure your monitors are set to 60Hz.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "GitaDora",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+        .quick_setting_category = "Game",
+    },
    {
        .title = "GitaDora Cabinet Type",
        .name = "gdcabtype",
@@ -1299,7 +1311,9 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
        .name = "gdalayout",
        .desc = "For Arena Model: select how many windows to create.\n\n"
            "1 window: main only; use the subscreen overlay for SMALL.\n\n"
-            "2 windows: main + SMALL. Note: currently only works for windowed mode, broken for fullscreen.\n\n"
+            "2 windows: main + SMALL. Without -w, this uses native D3D9 adapter-group fullscreen "
+            "with physical MAIN/SMALL and virtual LEFT/RIGHT. It requires two active displays on "
+            "one adapter group. With -w, it uses borderless windows instead.\n\n"
            "4 windows: main + LEFT + RIGHT + SMALL. Fullscreen requires exactly 4 monitors in the "
            "right resolution; see wiki for details.",
        .type = OptionType::Enum,
@@ -2165,7 +2179,6 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
            {"25", "+25 dB"},
            {"30", "+30 dB"},
        },
-        .quick_setting_category = "Audio",
    },
    {
        // AudioResample
@@ -3012,17 +3025,17 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
    },
    {
        // SDVXFullscreenLandscape
-        .title = "(DISABLED) SDVX Landscape Mode (SDVX5+)",
+        .title = "SDVX Full Screen Landscape Mode (SDVX5+, EXPERIMENTAL)",
        .name = "sdvxlandscape",
        .desc =
-            "Option HIDDEN and DISABLED due to it affecting in-game camera angle for displaying lanes.\n\n"
            "Allows you to play in landscape by transposing resolution and applying image scaling.\n\n"
-            "Works only for SDVX5 and above! This is identical to -forceresswap.\n\n"
+            "Corrects the in-game perspective camera for the transposed display aspect ratio.\n\n"
+            "Works only for SDVX5 and above.\n\n"
            "Will launch at 1080p by default; strongly consider combining this with -forceres option to render at monitor native resolution.",
        .type = OptionType::Bool,
-        .hidden = true,
        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
        .category = "Game Options",
+        .quick_setting_category = "Game",
    },
    {
        // spice2x_EnableSMXStage
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ namespace launcher {
            LoadHelloPopnMusicModule,
            LoadGitaDoraModule,
            GitaDoraTwoChannelAudio,
+            GitaDoraDisableFrameLimiter,
            GitaDoraCabinetType,
            GitaDoraLefty,
            GitaDoraWailHold,
@@ -673,7 +673,8 @@ void eamuse_autodetect_game() {
        eamuse_set_game("Beatmania IIDX");
    else if (avs::game::is_model("J44") ||
             avs::game::is_model("K44") ||
-             avs::game::is_model("L44"))
+             avs::game::is_model("L44") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("T44"))
        eamuse_set_game("Jubeat");
    else if (avs::game::is_model("KDM"))
        eamuse_set_game("Dance Evolution");
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
bicarus	1ec7528dac	gitadora: option to disable frame limiter (#848 ) ## Link to GitHub Issue or related Pull Request, if one exists n/a ## Description of change There is a patch for GITADORA series that fixes frame pacing on modern Windows. Turn it into a signature patch and embed it into the game. ## Testing should work for all 64-bit gitadora versions, pre-GWD	2026-08-02 03:35:07 -07:00
bicarus-dev	e7822aad8e	remove volume boost from quick options	2026-08-02 01:04:11 -07:00
bicarus-dev	8140e83e46	mark -sdvxlandscape as experimental	2026-08-02 01:01:09 -07:00
bicarus	cc0899290e	sdvx: re-enable landscape mode (#847 ) ## Link to GitHub Issue or related Pull Request, if one exists n/a ## Description of change Un-deprecate SDVX landscape mode. The game calls `GetViewport` to figure out the camera position, so if we return a sane value the game goes back to rendering correctly. ## Testing Tested nabla only	2026-08-02 00:50:04 -07:00
Tsung-Hsiang Chang	3012139028	gitadora: add native dual fullscreen for Arena (#846 ) ## Link to GitHub Issue or related Pull Request, if one exists Fixed https://github.com/spice2x/spice2x.github.io/issues/740 ## Description of change - Enable native D3D9 adapter-group dual fullscreen for the GITADORA Arena model when the two-screen MAIN + SMALL configuration is selected without windowed mode. - Present MAIN and SMALL on their respective monitor heads while keeping the invisible LEFT and RIGHT targets offscreen. - Scope the new fake-swap-chain query behavior to the hidden GITADORA two-head targets, preserving existing behavior for other games and configurations. The existing borderless-windowed two-screen path could not consistently keep input and game timing synchronized and also reduced rendering performance. Native dual fullscreen avoids that windowed composition path. ## Testing - Manually tested GITADORA Arena with separate MAIN and SMALL monitors in fullscreen mode. Windowed mode still works if the user chooses to use that. - Confirmed both displays render correctly, touch input works on the SMALL screen, gameplay input stays synchronized, and gameplay holds a steady 60 FPS. - Built `spicetools_spice64` at commit `e4a98e9` with the repository Docker toolchain. - Confirmed no new compiler warnings. - Confirmed the forbidden static DLL import check passes. - Confirmed the Windows 7 DLL compatibility check reports `All DLLs OK!`. --------- Co-authored-by: vgod <428979+vgod@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-02 00:03:36 -07:00
bicarus	c590b87cff	jb: add t44 support (#845 ) With help from certain sea creature.	2026-08-01 01:20:31 -07:00