iidx: allow main window to receive touches in windows TDJ subscreen mode (#850)

## Link to GitHub Issue or related Pull Request, if one exists
n/a

## Description of change
This allows API touches to be recognized even if the main window is in
focus.

## Testing

src/spice2x/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -411,12 +411,14 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
         games/sdvx/sdvx_live2d.cpp
         games/sdvx/io.cpp
         games/sdvx/camera.cpp
+        games/jb/bi2x_hook.cpp
         games/jb/jb.cpp
         games/jb/jb_touch.cpp
         games/jb/io.cpp
         games/nost/nost.cpp
         games/nost/io.cpp
         games/nost/poke.cpp
+        games/nost/touch_mode.cpp
         games/gitadora/gitadora.cpp
         games/gitadora/asio.cpp
         games/gitadora/io.cpp
@@ -502,6 +504,7 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
         hooks/audio/buffer.cpp
         hooks/audio/mme.cpp
         hooks/audio/util.cpp
+        hooks/audio/xact.cpp
         hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.cpp
         hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.cpp
         hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.cpp
@@ -528,10 +531,12 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
         hooks/devicehook.cpp
         hooks/graphics/graphics.cpp
         hooks/graphics/graphics_windowed.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/nvapi_impl.cpp
         hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.cpp
         hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.cpp
         hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.cpp
         hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_gfdm.cpp
         hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_live2d.cpp
         hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.cpp
         hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.cpp
@@ -571,7 +576,6 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
         misc/device.cpp
         misc/eamuse.cpp
         misc/extdev.cpp
-        misc/nativetouchhook.cpp
         misc/sciunit.cpp
         misc/sde.cpp
         misc/wintouchemu.cpp
@@ -609,17 +613,26 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
         overlay/windows/keypad.cpp
         overlay/windows/log.cpp
         overlay/windows/midi.cpp
+        overlay/windows/nostalgia_touch_piano.cpp
         overlay/windows/obs.cpp
         overlay/windows/obs_websocket.cpp
         overlay/windows/patch_manager.cpp
         overlay/windows/popn_sub.cpp
         overlay/windows/wnd_manager.cpp
 
+        # patcher
+        patcher/config.cpp
+        patcher/lifecycle.cpp
+        patcher/loader.cpp
+        patcher/loader_group.cpp
+        patcher/runtime.cpp
+
         # external
         external/easywsclient/easywsclient.cpp
 
         # rawinput
         rawinput/rawinput.cpp
+        rawinput/rawinput_handles.cpp
         rawinput/midi.cpp
         rawinput/sextet.cpp
         rawinput/piuio.cpp
@@ -648,6 +661,11 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
 
         # touch
         touch/gdi_overlay.cpp
+        touch/native/inject.cpp
+        touch/native/inject_mouse.cpp
+        touch/native/inject_synthetic.cpp
+        touch/native/nativetouchhook.cpp
+        touch/native/transform.cpp
         touch/touch.cpp
         touch/touch_gestures.cpp
         touch/win7.cpp

src/spice2x/acio/core/core.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "launcher/launcher.h"
 #include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 
 // static stuff
 static int ACIO_WARMUP = 0;
@@ -140,8 +141,9 @@ static int __cdecl ac_io_update(int a1) {
     // flush device output
     RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
 
-    // update wintouchemu
+    // update touch emulation
     wintouchemu::update();
+    nativetouch::refresh_contact_lifetime();
 
     return 1;
 }

src/spice2x/acio/panb/panb.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
 #include "games/nost/io.h"
 #include "games/nost/nost.h"
+#include "games/nost/touch_mode.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
 #include "avs/game.h"
 
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ using namespace GameAPI;
 // static stuff
 static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[277];
 static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+static constexpr uint8_t NOST_TOUCH_PIANO_VELOCITY = 11;
 
 /*
  * Implementations
@@ -226,6 +228,8 @@ static bool __cdecl ac_io_panb_update_control_status_buffer() {
                 games::nost::Analogs::Key27, games::nost::Analogs::Key28,
         };
 
+        const auto touch_key_state = games::nost::touch_mode::piano_key_state();
+
         // iterate pairs of keys
         for (size_t key_pair = 0; key_pair < 28 / 2; key_pair++) {
 
@@ -257,6 +261,10 @@ static bool __cdecl ac_io_panb_update_control_status_buffer() {
             if (button0 > 0) {
                 state0 = button0;
             }
+            if ((touch_key_state & (UINT32_C(1) << (key_pair * 2))) &&
+                state0 < NOST_TOUCH_PIANO_VELOCITY) {
+                state0 = NOST_TOUCH_PIANO_VELOCITY;
+            }
 
             const auto button1 = panb_get_button_velocity(
                 buttons.at(button_mapping[key_pair * 2 + 1]),
@@ -267,6 +275,10 @@ static bool __cdecl ac_io_panb_update_control_status_buffer() {
             if (button1 > 0) {
                 state1 = button1;
             }
+            if ((touch_key_state & (UINT32_C(1) << (key_pair * 2 + 1))) &&
+                state1 < NOST_TOUCH_PIANO_VELOCITY) {
+                state1 = NOST_TOUCH_PIANO_VELOCITY;
+            }
 
             // build value
             uint8_t value = 0;

src/spice2x/acioemu/icca.cpp

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ bool ICCADevice::parse_msg(MessageData *msg_in,
             // SDVX Old cabinet mode
             if (avs::game::is_model("KFC") && avs::game::SPEC[0] != 'G' && avs::game::SPEC[0] != 'H')
                 answer_type = 1;
-            if (avs::game::is_model("L44"))
+            if (avs::game::is_model({ "L44", "T44" }))
                 answer_type = 2;
 
             // check answer type

src/spice2x/api/modules/keypads.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 #include "keypads.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <functional>
+#include <thread>
 
 #include <windows.h>
 
 #include "avs/game.h"
 #include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 
 using namespace std::placeholders;
 using namespace rapidjson;
@@ -59,7 +60,6 @@ namespace api::modules {
         // get params
         auto keypad = req.params[0].GetUint();
         auto input = std::string(req.params[1].GetString());
-        timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
 
         // process all chars
         for (auto c : input) {
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ namespace api::modules {
 
             // set
             eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, state);
-            timer.sleep(sleep_time);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(sleep_time));
 
             // unset
             eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, 0);
-            timer.sleep(sleep_time);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(sleep_time));
         }
     }
 

src/spice2x/api/modules/touch.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "touch.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 
 #include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
@@ -8,6 +10,8 @@
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
 #include "launcher/launcher.h"
 #include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "touch/native/inject.h"
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 #include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
 
@@ -17,6 +21,25 @@ using namespace rapidjson;
 
 namespace api::modules {
 
+    static bool inject_native_touch(
+            const std::vector<TouchPoint> &touch_points, int canvas_w, int canvas_h) {
+        if (touch_points.empty()) {
+            // no active touches remain; release the synthetic contact
+            return nativetouch::inject::inject_synthetic_touch({ 0, 0 }, false);
+        }
+
+        // only a single synthetic contact is supported, so just use the first touch point
+        const auto &touch = touch_points.front();
+        POINT position { touch.x, touch.y };
+        if (canvas_w > 0 && canvas_h > 0) {
+            return nativetouch::inject::inject_synthetic_touch_from_canvas(
+                position,
+                { canvas_w, canvas_h },
+                true);
+        }
+        return nativetouch::inject::inject_synthetic_touch(position, true);
+    }
+
     Touch::Touch() : Module("touch") {
         is_sdvx = avs::game::is_model("KFC");
 
@@ -26,6 +49,25 @@ namespace api::modules {
             is_tdj_fhd = false;
         }
 
+        use_native = nativetouch::is_hooked();
+
+        // resolution the API/companion sends native touch coordinates in (after errata)
+        native_canvas_w = 0;
+        native_canvas_h = 0;
+        if (is_sdvx) {
+            // exceed gear subscreen, portrait after the rotation applied in apply_touch_errata
+            native_canvas_w = 1080;
+            native_canvas_h = 1920;
+        } else if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ")) {
+            // TDJ subscreen; FHD models are upscaled to 1080p by apply_touch_errata
+            native_canvas_w = is_tdj_fhd ? 1920 : 1280;
+            native_canvas_h = is_tdj_fhd ? 1080 : 720;
+        } else if (avs::game::is_model("M39")) {
+            // pop'n music API touch surface
+            native_canvas_w = 1280;
+            native_canvas_h = 800;
+        }
+
         functions["read"] = std::bind(&Touch::read, this, _1, _2);
         functions["write"] = std::bind(&Touch::write, this, _1, _2);
         functions["write_reset"] = std::bind(&Touch::write_reset, this, _1, _2);
@@ -99,8 +141,12 @@ namespace api::modules {
         }
 
         // apply touch points
+        if (use_native) {
+            write_native(touch_points);
+        } else {
             touch_write_points(&touch_points);
         }
+    }
 
     /**
      * write_reset(id: uint, ...)
@@ -123,8 +169,44 @@ namespace api::modules {
         }
 
         // remove all IDs
+        if (use_native) {
+            write_reset_native(touch_point_ids);
+        } else {
             touch_remove_points(&touch_point_ids);
         }
+    }
+
+    void Touch::write_native(const std::vector<TouchPoint> &touch_points) {
+        if (touch_points.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(native_touch_mutex);
+        const auto touch_id = touch_points.front().id;
+        if (native_touch_id && *native_touch_id != touch_id) {
+            if (!inject_native_touch({}, native_canvas_w, native_canvas_h)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            native_touch_id.reset();
+        }
+        if (inject_native_touch(touch_points, native_canvas_w, native_canvas_h)) {
+            native_touch_id = touch_id;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Touch::write_reset_native(const std::vector<DWORD> &touch_point_ids) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(native_touch_mutex);
+        if (!native_touch_id ||
+                std::find(
+                    touch_point_ids.begin(),
+                    touch_point_ids.end(),
+                    *native_touch_id) == touch_point_ids.end()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (inject_native_touch({}, native_canvas_w, native_canvas_h)) {
+            native_touch_id.reset();
+        }
+    }
 
     void Touch::apply_touch_errata(int &x, int &y) {
         int x_raw = x;

src/spice2x/api/modules/touch.h

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 #include "api/module.h"
 #include "api/request.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
 
 namespace api::modules {
 
@@ -13,11 +17,21 @@ namespace api::modules {
     private:
         bool is_sdvx;
         bool is_tdj_fhd;
+        bool use_native;
+        std::mutex native_touch_mutex;
+        std::optional<uint32_t> native_touch_id;
+
+        // resolution the API/companion sends native touch coordinates in (after errata);
+        // used to normalize before mapping into the native injection window
+        int native_canvas_w;
+        int native_canvas_h;
 
         // function definitions
         void read(Request &req, Response &res);
         void write(Request &req, Response &res);
         void write_reset(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write_native(const std::vector<TouchPoint> &touch_points);
+        void write_reset_native(const std::vector<DWORD> &touch_point_ids);
         void apply_touch_errata(int &x, int &y);
 
     };

src/spice2x/api/serial.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #include "controller.h"
 #include "serial.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <string>
+#include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 
 
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ namespace api {
         controller->init_state(this->state);
         this->thread = new std::thread([this] () {
             log_warning("api::serial", "listening on {} (baud: {})", this->port, this->baud);
-            timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
 
             // read buffer
             uint8_t read_buffer[16*1024];
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ namespace api {
 
                 // slow down on reconnect
                 if (this->running) {
-                    timer.sleep(retry_time);
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(retry_time));
                 }
             }
         });

src/spice2x/avs/core.cpp

@@ -1114,6 +1114,7 @@ namespace avs {
 #endif
             // jubeat
             {"jubeat.dll", 0x2000000},
+            {"jubeat2019.dll", 0x10000000},
 
             // MUSECA
             {"museca.dll", 0xC000000},
@@ -1924,7 +1925,7 @@ namespace avs {
 #if !SPICE64
             // sdvx4 bad log config fix
             if (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "soundvoltex.dll" &&  // it's too early for avs::game::is_model
-                property_search_safe(config, config_node, "/log/enable_console")) {
+                property_search(config, config_node, "/log/enable_console")) {
                 log_info("avs-core", "applying SDVX4 avs-config.xml fix for <log><enable_console>");
                 property_search_remove_safe(config, config_node, "/log/enable_console");
             }

src/spice2x/avs/ea3.cpp

@@ -591,6 +591,7 @@ namespace avs {
             // for proper reporting of Omnimix and other song packs
             if (_stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "LDJ") == 0 ||
                 _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "L44") == 0 ||
+                _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "T44") == 0 ||
                 _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "M39") == 0 ||
                 _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "KFC") == 0)
             {

src/spice2x/cfg/api.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <optional>
 
+#include "games/io.h"
 #include "launcher/superexit.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
 #include "rawinput/piuio.h"
 #include "util/time.h"
@@ -62,7 +64,43 @@ std::vector<Button> GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
     return sorted;
 }
 
-GameAPI::Buttons::State GameAPI::Buttons::getState(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &_button, bool check_alts) {
+namespace GameAPI::Buttons {
+    static State get_button_state(
+        rawinput::RawInputManager *manager,
+        Button &button,
+        bool check_alts,
+        bool check_modifiers);
+
+    static bool modifiers_pressed(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &button);
+}
+
+bool GameAPI::Buttons::modifiers_pressed(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &button) {
+    const auto modifier_mask = button.getModifierMask();
+    if (modifier_mask == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    auto *modifier_buttons = games::get_buttons_modifiers(eamuse_get_game());
+    if (!modifier_buttons) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (uint8_t index = 0; index < games::ModifierButtons::Size; index++) {
+        if ((modifier_mask & (UINT8_C(1) << index)) != 0 &&
+            (index >= modifier_buttons->size() ||
+             get_button_state(manager, modifier_buttons->at(index), true, false) !=
+                 GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+GameAPI::Buttons::State GameAPI::Buttons::get_button_state(
+        rawinput::RawInputManager *manager,
+        Button &_button,
+        bool check_alts,
+        bool check_modifiers) {
 
     // check override
     if (_button.override_enabled) {
@@ -76,6 +114,23 @@ GameAPI::Buttons::State GameAPI::Buttons::getState(rawinput::RawInputManager *ma
     std::optional<bool> window_has_focus;
     while (true) {
 
+        // skip bindings whose required modifiers are not held
+        //
+        // note that modifiers cannot process MIDI as the logic is written
+        // below, since MIDI buttons are event-based (on event, off event, etc)
+        // and cannot be correctly handled by a simple early return
+        // there is no explicit check for MIDI here, but the UI should have
+        // prevented it
+        if (check_modifiers && !modifiers_pressed(manager, *current_button)) {
+            button_count++;
+            if (!alternatives || alternatives->empty() ||
+                button_count - 1 >= alternatives->size()) {
+                return BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+            }
+            current_button = &alternatives->at(button_count - 1);
+            continue;
+        }
+
         // naive behavior
         if (current_button->isNaive()) {
             GameAPI::Buttons::State state;
@@ -469,6 +524,10 @@ GameAPI::Buttons::State GameAPI::Buttons::getState(rawinput::RawInputManager *ma
     }
 }
 
+Buttons::State Buttons::getState(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &button, bool check_alts) {
+    return get_button_state(manager, button, check_alts, true);
+}
+
 Buttons::State Buttons::getState(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Button &button, bool check_alts) {
     if (manager) {
         return getState(manager.get(), button, check_alts);
@@ -484,17 +543,13 @@ static float getVelocityHelper(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &butto
         return button.override_velocity;
     }
 
-    // naive behavior
-    if (button.isNaive()) {
-        if (button.getInvert()) {
-            return (GetAsyncKeyState(button.getVKey()) & 0x8000) ? 0.f : 1.f;
-        } else {
-            return (GetAsyncKeyState(button.getVKey()) & 0x8000) ? 1.f : 0.f;
-        }
-    }
-
     // get button state
-    Buttons::State button_state = Buttons::getState(manager, button, false);
+    const auto button_state = Buttons::getState(manager, button, false);
+
+    // naive bindings report their digital state as full or zero velocity
+    if (button.isNaive()) {
+        return button_state == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED ? 1.f : 0.f;
+    }
 
     // check if button isn't being pressed
     if (button_state != Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {

src/spice2x/cfg/button.cpp

@@ -299,7 +299,27 @@ std::string Button::getMidiNoteString() {
     return fmt::format("{}{}", note_names[index % 12], ((index / 12) - 1));
 }
 
-std::string Button::getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager* manager) {
+std::string Button::getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager) {
+    auto binding_display = this->getBindingDisplayString(manager);
+    auto modifiers = this->getModifierMask();
+    if (binding_display.empty() || modifiers == 0) {
+        return binding_display;
+    }
+
+    std::string modifier_display;
+    for (unsigned int index = 1; modifiers != 0; index++, modifiers >>= 1) {
+        if ((modifiers & UINT8_C(1)) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!modifier_display.empty()) {
+            modifier_display += "+";
+        }
+        modifier_display += fmt::format("Mod{}", index);
+    }
+    return modifier_display + "+" + binding_display;
+}
+
+std::string Button::getBindingDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager) {
 
     // get VKey string
     auto vKey = (uint16_t) this->getVKey();

src/spice2x/cfg/button.h

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ private:
     std::string name;
     std::string device_identifier = "";
     unsigned short vKey = INVALID_VKEY;
+    uint8_t modifier_mask = 0;
 
     // default bindings are always naive
     unsigned short vKey_default = INVALID_VKEY;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ private:
     unsigned short velocity_threshold = 0;
 
     std::string getMidiNoteString();
+    std::string getBindingDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager);
 
 public:
     std::string getVKeyString();
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ public:
         device_identifier = "";
         analog_type = BAT_NONE;
         bat_threshold = 0;
+        modifier_mask = 0;
     }
 
     std::string getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager* manager);
@@ -123,6 +126,14 @@ public:
         return this->name;
     }
 
+    inline uint8_t getModifierMask() const {
+        return this->modifier_mask;
+    }
+
+    inline void setModifierMask(uint8_t new_modifier_mask) {
+        this->modifier_mask = new_modifier_mask & UINT8_C(0x0F);
+    }
+
     inline const std::string &getDeviceIdentifier() const {
         return this->device_identifier;
     }

src/spice2x/cfg/config.cpp

@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ bool Config::addGame(Game &game, bool save) {
                     int bat_threshold = 0;
                     int velocity_threshold = 0;
                     bool invert = false;
+                    unsigned int modifier_mask = 0;
                     tinyxml2::XMLError attrError = gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("vkey", &vKey);
                     const char *devid = gameButtonNode->Attribute("devid");
                     gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("analogtype", &analogType);
@@ -173,6 +174,7 @@ bool Config::addGame(Game &game, bool save) {
                     gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("bat_threshold", &bat_threshold);
                     gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("velocity_threshold", &velocity_threshold);
                     gameButtonNode->QueryBoolAttribute("invert", &invert);
+                    gameButtonNode->QueryUnsignedAttribute("modifiers", &modifier_mask);
                     if (attrError != tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_SUCCESS) {
                         gameButtonsNode->DeleteChild(gameButtonNode);
                         gameButtonNode = this->configFile.NewElement("button");
@@ -185,6 +187,7 @@ bool Config::addGame(Game &game, bool save) {
                         gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("bat_threshold", bat_threshold);
                         gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("velocity_threshold", velocity_threshold);
                         gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", invert);
+                        gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("modifiers", button->getModifierMask());
                         gameButtonsNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonNode);
                     } else {
                         button->setVKey(static_cast<unsigned short int>(vKey));
@@ -194,6 +197,7 @@ bool Config::addGame(Game &game, bool save) {
                         button->setBatThreshold(bat_threshold);
                         button->setVelocityThreshold(velocity_threshold);
                         button->setInvert(invert);
+                        button->setModifierMask(static_cast<uint8_t>(modifier_mask));
                         if (devid) {
                             button->setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
                         }
@@ -214,6 +218,7 @@ bool Config::addGame(Game &game, bool save) {
                 gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("bat_threshold", it.getBatThreshold());
                 gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("velocity_threshold", it.getVelocityThreshold());
                 gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", it.getInvert());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("modifiers", it.getModifierMask());
                 gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
                 gameButtonsNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonNode);
             }
@@ -440,6 +445,7 @@ bool Config::addGame(Game &game, bool save) {
             gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("bat_threshold", it.getBatThreshold());
             gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("velocity_threshold", it.getVelocityThreshold());
             gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", it.getInvert());
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("modifiers", it.getModifierMask());
             gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
             gameButtonsNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonNode);
         }
@@ -552,6 +558,7 @@ bool Config::updateBinding(const Game &game, const Button &button, int alternati
                 gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("velocity_threshold", button.getVelocityThreshold());
                 gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", button.getInvert());
                 gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", button.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("modifiers", button.getModifierMask());
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -569,6 +576,7 @@ bool Config::updateBinding(const Game &game, const Button &button, int alternati
             gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("velocity_threshold", 0);
             gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", false);
             gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", "");
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("modifiers", 0);
             gameButtonsNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonNode);
         }
     }
@@ -964,6 +972,7 @@ std::vector<Button> Config::getButtons(const std::string &gameName) {
                 int bat_threshold = 0;
                 int velocity_threshold = 0;
                 bool invert = false;
+                unsigned int modifier_mask = 0;
                 gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("vkey", &vKey);
                 gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("analogtype", &analogType);
                 gameButtonNode->QueryDoubleAttribute("debounce_up", &debounce_up);
@@ -971,6 +980,7 @@ std::vector<Button> Config::getButtons(const std::string &gameName) {
                 gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("bat_threshold", &bat_threshold);
                 gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("velocity_threshold", &velocity_threshold);
                 gameButtonNode->QueryBoolAttribute("invert", &invert);
+                gameButtonNode->QueryUnsignedAttribute("modifiers", &modifier_mask);
                 const char *devid = gameButtonNode->Attribute("devid");
 
                 // find alternative
@@ -986,6 +996,7 @@ std::vector<Button> Config::getButtons(const std::string &gameName) {
                         alt.setBatThreshold(bat_threshold);
                         alt.setVelocityThreshold(velocity_threshold);
                         alt.setInvert(invert);
+                        alt.setModifierMask(static_cast<uint8_t>(modifier_mask));
                         if (devid) {
                             alt.setDeviceIdentifier(std::string(devid));
                         }
@@ -1005,6 +1016,7 @@ std::vector<Button> Config::getButtons(const std::string &gameName) {
                     button.setBatThreshold(bat_threshold);
                     button.setVelocityThreshold(velocity_threshold);
                     button.setInvert(invert);
+                    button.setModifierMask(static_cast<uint8_t>(modifier_mask));
                     if (devid) {
                         button.setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
                     }

src/spice2x/cfg/controller_presets.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         el->SetAttribute("debounce_down", entry.debounce_down);
         el->SetAttribute("bat_threshold", entry.bat_threshold);
         el->SetAttribute("velocity_threshold", entry.velocity_threshold);
+        el->SetAttribute("modifiers", entry.modifier_mask);
         parent->InsertEndChild(el);
     }
 
@@ -54,6 +55,10 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         el->QueryIntAttribute("bat_threshold", &bat);
         entry.bat_threshold = bat;
 
+        unsigned int modifier_mask = 0;
+        el->QueryUnsignedAttribute("modifiers", &modifier_mask);
+        entry.modifier_mask = static_cast<uint8_t>(modifier_mask & UINT8_C(0x0F));
+
         return entry;
     }
 
@@ -160,6 +165,28 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 }
             }
 
+            // modifier buttons
+            auto *mod_el = tmpl_el->FirstChildElement("modifier_buttons");
+            if (mod_el) {
+                auto *btn_el = mod_el->FirstChildElement("button");
+                while (btn_el) {
+                    const char *btn_name = btn_el->Attribute("name");
+                    std::string btn_name_str = btn_name ? btn_name : "";
+
+                    TemplateButtonBinding *binding = nullptr;
+                    for (auto &b : tmpl.modifier_buttons) {
+                        if (b.name == btn_name_str) { binding = &b; break; }
+                    }
+                    if (!binding) {
+                        tmpl.modifier_buttons.push_back(
+                            {btn_name_str, read_button_entry(btn_el), {}});
+                    } else {
+                        binding->alternatives.push_back(read_button_entry(btn_el));
+                    }
+                    btn_el = btn_el->NextSiblingElement("button");
+                }
+            }
+
             // keypad buttons
             auto *kp_el = tmpl_el->FirstChildElement("keypad_buttons");
             if (kp_el) {
@@ -244,6 +271,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
     bool save_user_template(
         const ControllerTemplate &tmpl,
         const bool save_buttons,
+        const bool save_modifiers,
         const bool save_keypads,
         const bool save_analogs,
         const bool save_lights) {
@@ -300,6 +328,24 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         }
         tmpl_el->InsertEndChild(buttons_el);
 
+        // modifier buttons - skip unbound entries
+        if (!tmpl.modifier_buttons.empty()) {
+            auto *mod_el = doc.NewElement("modifier_buttons");
+            if (save_modifiers) {
+                for (auto &btn : tmpl.modifier_buttons) {
+                    if (!btn.primary.is_unbound()) {
+                        write_button_entry(doc, mod_el, btn.name, btn.primary);
+                    }
+                    for (auto &alt : btn.alternatives) {
+                        if (!alt.is_unbound()) {
+                            write_button_entry(doc, mod_el, btn.name, alt);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            tmpl_el->InsertEndChild(mod_el);
+        }
+
         // keypad buttons — skip unbound entries
         if (!tmpl.keypad_buttons.empty()) {
             auto *kp_el = doc.NewElement("keypad_buttons");

src/spice2x/external/imgui/imgui_filebrowser.h

@@ -878,7 +878,15 @@ inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::UpdateFileRecords()
 
 inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::SetPwdUncatched(const std::filesystem::path &pwd)
 {
-    pwd_ = absolute(pwd);
+    // spice2x
+    // avoid MinGW std::filesystem::absolute() duplicating UNC server/share
+    // prefixes, which makes directory_iterator() throw during startup
+    // spice2x
+    const auto &nativePwd = pwd.native();
+    const bool hasUncPrefix = nativePwd.size() >= 2 &&
+        (nativePwd[0] == '\\' || nativePwd[0] == '/') &&
+        (nativePwd[1] == '\\' || nativePwd[1] == '/');
+    pwd_ = hasUncPrefix ? pwd : absolute(pwd);
     UpdateFileRecords();
     selectedFilenames_.clear();
     (*inputNameBuf_)[0] = '\0';

src/spice2x/games/ccj/ccj.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include "util/utils.h"
 #include "util/detour.h"
 #include "acioemu/handle.h"
-#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
 #include "bi2x_hook.h"
 #include "trackball.h"

src/spice2x/games/gitadora/gitadora.cpp

@@ -2,17 +2,20 @@
 #include "asio.h"
 #include "handle.h"
 #include "bi2x_hook.h"
+#include <span>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+
 #include <ks.h>
 #include <ksmedia.h>
-
-#include "cfg/configurator.h"
 #include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
 #include "hooks/audio/mme.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
 #include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 #include "util/cpuutils.h"
 #include "util/deferlog.h"
 #include "util/detour.h"
@@ -28,12 +31,14 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
 
     // settings
     bool TWOCHANNEL = false;
+    bool DISABLE_FRAME_LIMITER = false;
     std::optional<unsigned int> CAB_TYPE = std::nullopt;
     bool P1_LEFTY = false;
     bool P2_LEFTY = false;
     std::optional<std::string> SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE;
     std::optional<socd::SocdAlgorithm> PICK_ALGO = socd::SocdAlgorithm::PreferRecent;
     std::optional<uint8_t> ARENA_WINDOW_COUNT = std::nullopt;
+    bool ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE = false;
     std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER = std::nullopt;
     bool ALLOW_REALTEK_AUDIO = false;
 
@@ -61,6 +66,46 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
 
         return CreateDirectoryA(lpPathName, lpSecurityAttributes);
     }
+
+    // libshare-pj paces mainloop with separate 12 ms and 16 ms waits. these waits
+    // interfere with the game's normal display synchronization on modern Windows
+    // and can hold a nominal 60 FPS game near 58 FPS. locate the instruction
+    // sequences at runtime so the fix does not depend on per-version file offsets.
+    static void disable_mainloop_frame_limiter(HMODULE sharepj_module) {
+        if (!sharepj_module) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // both limiters have the same shape, only the millisecond target xx differs
+        // (0Ch for the 12 ms limiter, 10h for the 16 ms one):
+        //
+        // 48 83 F8 xx:     cmp rax, xx;   compare elapsed frame time with the target
+        // 73 10:           jae +10h;      skip the wait once the target has elapsed
+        // B9 xx 00 00 00:  mov ecx, xx;   load the target
+        // 48 2B C8:        sub rcx, rax;  calculate the remaining wait time
+        // 74 06:           je +6h;        skip the following six-byte Sleep call if no wait remains
+        //
+        // changing jae (73h) to jmp (EBh) makes each block always take its existing
+        // skip path, which bypasses only the associated Sleep call and leaves the 10h
+        // branch displacement and every other wait untouched.
+        const auto limiter_12ms_disabled = replace_pattern(
+                sharepj_module,
+                "4883F80C7310B90C000000482BC87406",
+                "????????EB??????????????????????", 0, 0);
+        const auto limiter_16ms_disabled = replace_pattern(
+                sharepj_module,
+                "4883F8107310B910000000482BC87406",
+                "????????EB??????????????????????", 0, 0);
+
+        if (!limiter_12ms_disabled || !limiter_16ms_disabled) {
+            log_fatal(
+                "gitadora",
+                "failed to disable libshare-pj mainloop frame limiter (-gdnoframelimiter), ensure patch is not already applied");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("gitadora", "successfully disabled libshare-pj mainloop frame limiter (-gdnoframelimiter)");
+    }
 #endif
 
     /*
@@ -270,9 +315,21 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
                         break;
                     case 2:
                         if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                            if (D3D9_ADAPTER.has_value()) {
                                 log_fatal(
                                     "gitadora",
-                                "arena model: 2-window mode is not supported in fullscreen, choose 1 or 4");
+                                    "arena model: fullscreen two-window mode cannot use -monitor; "
+                                    "use -w for borderless windows instead");
+                            }
+                            ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE = true;
+                            log_info(
+                                "gitadora",
+                                "arena model: native two-head fullscreen adapter-group mode "
+                                "(MAIN + SMALL; LEFT/RIGHT are virtual)");
+                        } else {
+                            log_info(
+                                "gitadora",
+                                "arena model: two-window mode uses windowed rendering");
                         }
                         log_info("gitadora", "arena model: two-window mode");
                         GRAPHICS_GITADORA_HIDE_SIDE_WINDOWS = true;
@@ -298,10 +355,18 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
     static decltype(QueryDisplayConfig) *QueryDisplayConfig_orig = nullptr;
     static decltype(DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo) *DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo_orig = nullptr;
 
-    // cached primary real monitor: its path + source/target mode entries.
-    // modeInfoIdx values on the path are renumbered to 0 / 1 so the cache is self-contained.
+    // Cached real monitor paths and their source/target mode entries. modeInfoIdx values are
+    // renumbered so the cache is self-contained. The normal single-head emulation keeps only
+    // MAIN; the two-head adapter-group mode keeps MAIN and SMALL as real heads.
     static DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO real_primary_path = {};
     static DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO real_primary_modes[2] = {}; // [0]=source, [1]=target
+    static DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO real_small_path = {};
+    static DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO real_small_modes[2] = {}; // [0]=source, [1]=target
+    static bool real_small_path_available = false;
+
+    static bool is_two_head_exclusive() {
+        return ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED;
+    }
 
     // fake monitors appended after the real ones. the game classifies monitors
     // by outputTechnology + connectorInstance:
@@ -325,12 +390,31 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
     // adapter to a swap chain role via its DisplayConfig connector instance,
     // so the entries here must be listed in the same order the wrapper enumerates
     // them: id=1 -> adapter 1 -> left, id=2 -> adapter 2 -> right, id=3 -> adapter 3 -> small.
-    static constexpr FakeMonitor FAKE_MONITORS[] = {
+    // Normal single-head emulation: every non-MAIN role is fake.
+    static constexpr FakeMonitor FAKE_MONITORS_SINGLE_HEAD[] = {
         { 1, 1080, 1920, -100000, -100000, 0 }, // left  (DP connector instance 0)
         { 2, 1080, 1920, -200000, -200000, 1 }, // right (DP connector instance 1)
         { 3,  800, 1280, -300000, -300000, 2 }, // small (DP connector instance 2, touch)
     };
-    static constexpr UINT32 FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT = static_cast<UINT32>(std::size(FAKE_MONITORS));
+
+    // Two-head fullscreen: adapters 0/1 are the real MAIN/SMALL group heads.
+    // Keep only LEFT/RIGHT fake, with their adapter ids matching the D3D9 wrapper.
+    static constexpr FakeMonitor FAKE_MONITORS_TWO_HEAD[] = {
+        { 2, 1080, 1920, -200000, -200000, 0 }, // left  (DP connector instance 0)
+        { 3, 1080, 1920, -300000, -300000, 1 }, // right (DP connector instance 1)
+    };
+
+    static std::span<const FakeMonitor> get_fake_monitors() {
+        if (is_two_head_exclusive()) {
+            return FAKE_MONITORS_TWO_HEAD;
+        }
+
+        return FAKE_MONITORS_SINGLE_HEAD;
+    }
+
+    static UINT32 real_monitor_count() {
+        return is_two_head_exclusive() ? 2 : 1;
+    }
 
     // call QueryDisplayConfig once, keep only the primary monitor's path and its
     // two referenced modes (source + target). modeInfoIdx values are rewritten to
@@ -368,14 +452,56 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
             log_fatal("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: no primary monitor found");
         }
 
+        if (primary->targetInfo.modeInfoIdx >= all_modes.size()) {
+            log_fatal("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: primary target mode is missing");
+        }
+
         real_primary_modes[0] = all_modes[primary->sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx];
         real_primary_modes[1] = all_modes[primary->targetInfo.modeInfoIdx];
         real_primary_path = *primary;
         real_primary_path.sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx = 0;
         real_primary_path.targetInfo.modeInfoIdx = 1;
 
+        real_small_path_available = false;
+        if (is_two_head_exclusive()) {
+            if (all_paths.size() != 2) {
+                log_fatal(
+                    "gitadora",
+                    "two-head fullscreen mode requires exactly two active display paths, found {}",
+                    all_paths.size());
+            }
+
+            const auto secondary = std::find_if(all_paths.begin(), all_paths.end(),
+                [&](const auto &p) {
+                    return &p != &*primary;
+                });
+            if (secondary == all_paths.end() ||
+                    secondary->sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx >= all_modes.size() ||
+                    secondary->targetInfo.modeInfoIdx >= all_modes.size()) {
+                log_fatal("gitadora", "could not identify the physical SMALL monitor");
+            }
+            const LUID primary_adapter = primary->sourceInfo.adapterId;
+            const LUID secondary_adapter = secondary->sourceInfo.adapterId;
+            const bool same_adapter = primary_adapter.HighPart == secondary_adapter.HighPart &&
+                primary_adapter.LowPart == secondary_adapter.LowPart;
+            if (!same_adapter) {
+                log_fatal(
+                    "gitadora",
+                    "MAIN and SMALL must use the same display adapter");
+            }
+
+            real_small_modes[0] = all_modes[secondary->sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx];
+            real_small_modes[1] = all_modes[secondary->targetInfo.modeInfoIdx];
+            real_small_path = *secondary;
+            real_small_path.sourceInfo.modeInfoIdx = 2;
+            real_small_path.targetInfo.modeInfoIdx = 3;
+            real_small_path_available = true;
+
+            log_info("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: cached real MAIN and SMALL monitors");
+        } else {
             log_info("gitadora", "cache_primary_monitor_info: cached primary monitor");
         }
+    }
 
     static
     LONG
@@ -389,33 +515,36 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
         static std::once_flag populate_once;
         std::call_once(populate_once, cache_primary_monitor_info);
 
-        // always report exactly 1 real + N fake monitors
-        *pNumPathArrayElements = 1 + FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT;
-        *pNumModeInfoArrayElements = 2 + FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT * 2;
+        const auto fake_monitors = get_fake_monitors();
+        const auto fake_count = static_cast<UINT32>(fake_monitors.size());
+        const UINT32 real_count = real_monitor_count();
+        *pNumPathArrayElements = real_count + fake_count;
+        *pNumModeInfoArrayElements = (real_count + fake_count) * 2;
 
         log_info(
             "gitadora",
-            "GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes: 1 real path + {} fake monitor(s)",
-            FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT);
+            "GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes: {} real path(s) + {} fake monitor(s)",
+            real_count,
+            fake_count);
 
         return ERROR_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    // write fake monitor i into the caller's path/mode arrays. layout (single-monitor
-    // assumption): index 0 in both arrays holds the cached primary real monitor, so
-    // fake i occupies path slot (1 + i) and mode slots (2 + i*2) / (2 + i*2 + 1).
+    // Write a fake monitor after the real paths. The cache is packed as [source, target]
+    // mode pairs, so each path consumes two mode entries.
     static void insert_fake_monitor(
         DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *paths,
         DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO *modes,
-        UINT32 i)
+        const FakeMonitor &m,
+        UINT32 path_index,
+        UINT32 source_mode_index)
     {
-        const FakeMonitor &m = FAKE_MONITORS[i];
-        const UINT32 src_idx = 2 + i * 2;
+        const UINT32 src_idx = source_mode_index;
         const UINT32 tgt_idx = src_idx + 1;
         const LUID adapter_id { .LowPart = static_cast<DWORD>(-m.id), .HighPart = -m.id };
         const UINT32 uid = static_cast<UINT32>(-m.id);
 
-        paths[1 + i] = {
+        paths[path_index] = {
             .sourceInfo = {
                 .adapterId = adapter_id,
                 .id = uid,
@@ -473,21 +602,35 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
         DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO* modeInfoArray,
         DISPLAYCONFIG_TOPOLOGY_ID* currentTopologyId)
     {
-        // copy cached primary real monitor into caller buffers at index 0
+        // Copy cached real monitor paths into the caller buffers.
         pathArray[0] = real_primary_path;
         modeInfoArray[0] = real_primary_modes[0];
         modeInfoArray[1] = real_primary_modes[1];
-        *numPathArrayElements = 1 + FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT;
-        *numModeInfoArrayElements = 2 + FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT * 2;
+        if (is_two_head_exclusive() && real_small_path_available) {
+            pathArray[1] = real_small_path;
+            modeInfoArray[2] = real_small_modes[0];
+            modeInfoArray[3] = real_small_modes[1];
+        }
+
+        const auto fake_monitors = get_fake_monitors();
+        const auto fake_count = static_cast<UINT32>(fake_monitors.size());
+        const UINT32 real_count = real_monitor_count();
+        *numPathArrayElements = real_count + fake_count;
+        *numModeInfoArrayElements = (real_count + fake_count) * 2;
         if (currentTopologyId != nullptr) {
             *currentTopologyId = DISPLAYCONFIG_TOPOLOGY_EXTEND;
         }
 
         log_misc("gitadora", "QueryDisplayConfig returning fake monitor paths and modes");
 
-        // append fake monitors after the real one
-        for (UINT32 i = 0; i < FAKE_MONITOR_COUNT; i++) {
-            insert_fake_monitor(pathArray, modeInfoArray, i);
+        // Append fake monitors after the real path(s).
+        for (UINT32 i = 0; i < fake_count; i++) {
+            insert_fake_monitor(
+                pathArray,
+                modeInfoArray,
+                fake_monitors[i],
+                real_count + i,
+                real_count * 2 + i * 2);
         }
 
         return ERROR_SUCCESS;
@@ -518,7 +661,8 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
                 const auto targetName = reinterpret_cast<DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME*>(requestPacket);
                 const LONG fake_id = -id;
                 UINT32 conn_inst = 0xff;
-                for (const auto& f : FAKE_MONITORS) {
+                const auto fake_monitors = get_fake_monitors();
+                for (const auto &f : fake_monitors) {
                     if (f.id == fake_id) {
                         conn_inst = f.connector_instance;
                         break;
@@ -541,18 +685,27 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
             return ret;
         }
 
-        // override the cached primary real monitor target info to look like HDMI/0
+        // Override MAIN to HDMI/0 and retag the real second head as the DP/2 SMALL
+        // display expected by the cabinet software in two-head fullscreen mode.
         const auto targetName = reinterpret_cast<DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME*>(requestPacket);
-        const auto& target = real_primary_path.targetInfo;
-        if (target.id == targetName->header.id &&
+        const auto target_matches = [&](const DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO &target) {
+            return target.id == targetName->header.id &&
                 target.adapterId.HighPart == targetName->header.adapterId.HighPart &&
-            target.adapterId.LowPart == targetName->header.adapterId.LowPart)
-        {
+                target.adapterId.LowPart == targetName->header.adapterId.LowPart;
+        };
+        if (target_matches(real_primary_path.targetInfo)) {
             targetName->outputTechnology = DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_HDMI;
             targetName->connectorInstance = 0;
             log_info("gitadora",
                 "overriding primary monitor (id={}) to pretend to be HDMI",
                 targetName->header.id);
+        } else if (is_two_head_exclusive() && real_small_path_available &&
+                target_matches(real_small_path.targetInfo)) {
+            targetName->outputTechnology = DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_DISPLAYPORT_EXTERNAL;
+            targetName->connectorInstance = 2;
+            log_info("gitadora",
+                "overriding secondary monitor (id={}) to pretend to be SMALL DP/2",
+                targetName->header.id);
         }
         return ret;
     }
@@ -575,6 +728,12 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
         HMODULE system_module = libutils::try_module("libsystem.dll");
 
         // patches
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        if (DISABLE_FRAME_LIMITER && !is_arena_model()) {
+            disable_mainloop_frame_limiter(sharepj_module);
+        }
+#endif
+
         detour::inline_hook((void *) eam_network_detected_ip_change, libutils::try_proc(
                 sharepj_module, "eam_network_detected_ip_change"));
         detour::inline_hook((void *) eam_network_settings_conflict, libutils::try_proc(
@@ -650,18 +809,28 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
                 hooks::audio::INJECT_FAKE_REALTEK_AUDIO = true;
             }
 
-            // monitor/touch hooks (windowed or full screen)
+            // Single-window mode needs touch injection for its overlay. Two-head fullscreen
+            // mode uses the real SMALL output, so it only needs the display-topology shim.
             if (GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
                 // enable touch hook for subscreen overlay
+                const auto native_touch_ready = !wintouchemu::FORCE &&
+                    nativetouch::hook(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                if (!native_touch_ready) {
                     wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
                     wintouchemu::INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH = true;
                     wintouchemu::hook("GITADORA", avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                }
+            }
 
 #if !SPICE_XP
 
-                if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-                    // monitor hook: always pretend to have 1 primary real monitor + 3 fake monitors
-                    // (LEFT / RIGHT / SMALL) so the game accepts the arena cab topology
+            if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED &&
+                    (GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS || ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE)) {
+                if (ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE) {
+                    log_info(
+                        "gitadora",
+                        "exposing physical MAIN/SMALL and virtual LEFT/RIGHT");
+                }
                 GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes_orig =
                     detour::iat_try("GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes",
                         GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
@@ -673,8 +842,6 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
                         DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
             }
 #endif
-
-            }
         }
 
         // window patch

src/spice2x/games/gitadora/gitadora.h

@@ -13,12 +13,14 @@ namespace games::gitadora {
 
     // settings
     extern bool TWOCHANNEL;
+    extern bool DISABLE_FRAME_LIMITER;
     extern std::optional<unsigned int> CAB_TYPE;
     extern bool P1_LEFTY;
     extern bool P2_LEFTY;
     extern std::optional<std::string> SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE;
     extern std::optional<socd::SocdAlgorithm> PICK_ALGO;
     extern std::optional<uint8_t> ARENA_WINDOW_COUNT;
+    extern bool ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE;
     extern std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER;
     extern bool ALLOW_REALTEK_AUDIO;
 

src/spice2x/games/iidx/camera.cpp

@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
                         if (mediaTypePointer && mediaTypePointer->IsString()) {
                             std::string mediaType = mediaTypePointer->GetString();
                             if (mediaType.length() > 0) {
-                                camera->m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = mediaType;
+                                camera->SetSelectedMediaTypeDescription(mediaType);
                                 camera->m_useAutoMediaType = false;
                             } else {
                                 camera->m_useAutoMediaType = true;
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
                             std::string drawModeString = drawModePointer->GetString();
                             for (int j = 0; j < DRAW_MODE_SIZE; j++) {
                                 if (DRAW_MODE_LABELS[j].compare(drawModeString) == 0) {
-                                    camera->m_drawMode = (LocalCameraDrawMode) j;
+                                    camera->m_drawMode.store((LocalCameraDrawMode) j);
                                     break;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -556,12 +556,12 @@ namespace games::iidx {
                         // Flip
                         auto flipHorizontalPointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/FlipHorizontal").Get(doc);
                         if (flipHorizontalPointer && flipHorizontalPointer->IsBool()) {
-                            camera->m_flipHorizontal = flipHorizontalPointer->GetBool();
+                            camera->m_flipHorizontal.store(flipHorizontalPointer->GetBool());
                         }
 
                         auto flipVerticalPointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/FlipVertical").Get(doc);
                         if (flipVerticalPointer && flipVerticalPointer->IsBool()) {
-                            camera->m_flipVertical = flipVerticalPointer->GetBool();
+                            camera->m_flipVertical.store(flipVerticalPointer->GetBool());
                         }
 
                         // Allow manual control
@@ -625,15 +625,17 @@ namespace games::iidx {
             if (camera->m_useAutoMediaType) {
                 rapidjson::Pointer(root + "MediaType").Set(doc, "");
             } else {
-                rapidjson::Pointer(root + "MediaType").Set(doc, camera->m_selectedMediaTypeDescription);
+                const auto mediaTypeDescription = camera->GetSelectedMediaTypeDescription();
+                rapidjson::Pointer(root + "MediaType").Set(doc, mediaTypeDescription);
             }
 
             // Draw Mode
-            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "DrawMode").Set(doc, DRAW_MODE_LABELS[camera->m_drawMode]);
+            const auto drawMode = camera->m_drawMode.load();
+            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "DrawMode").Set(doc, DRAW_MODE_LABELS[drawMode]);
 
             // Flip
-            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "FlipHorizontal").Set(doc, camera->m_flipHorizontal);
-            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "FlipVertical").Set(doc, camera->m_flipVertical);
+            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "FlipHorizontal").Set(doc, camera->m_flipHorizontal.load());
+            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "FlipVertical").Set(doc, camera->m_flipVertical.load());
 
             // Manual control
             rapidjson::Pointer(root + "AllowManualControl").Set(doc, camera->m_allowManualControl);

src/spice2x/games/iidx/iidx.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 #include "hooks/sleephook.h"
 #include "launcher/options.h"
 #include "touch/touch.h"
-#include "misc/nativetouchhook.h"
-#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "util/detour.h"
 #include "util/deferlog.h"
 #include "util/fileutils.h"
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "bi2x_hook.h"
 #include "ezusb.h"
 #include "io.h"
+#include "poke.h"
 
 static decltype(RegCloseKey) *RegCloseKey_orig = nullptr;
 static decltype(RegEnumKeyA) *RegEnumKeyA_orig = nullptr;
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ namespace games::iidx {
     bool TDJ_MODE = false;
     bool FORCE_720P = false;
     bool DISABLE_ESPEC_IO = false;
-    bool NATIVE_TOUCH = false;
+    bool NATIVE_TOUCH = true;
+    bool ENABLE_POKE = false;
     std::optional<std::string> SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE = std::nullopt;
     std::optional<std::string> SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE_IN_EFFECT = std::nullopt;
     std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER = std::nullopt;
@@ -350,12 +352,15 @@ namespace games::iidx {
                 // need to hook `avs2-core.dll` so AVS win32fs operations go through rom hook
                 devicehook_init(avs::core::DLL_INSTANCE);
 
-                if (NATIVE_TOUCH) {
-                    nativetouchhook::hook(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
-                } else {
+                NATIVE_TOUCH = !wintouchemu::FORCE &&
+                    nativetouch::hook(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                if (!NATIVE_TOUCH) {
                     wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
                     wintouchemu::INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH = true;
-                    wintouchemu::hook_title_ends("beatmania IIDX", "main", avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                    wintouchemu::hook_title_ends(
+                        "beatmania IIDX",
+                        "main",
+                        avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -533,6 +538,12 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         }
     }
 
+    void IIDXGame::post_attach() {
+        if (ENABLE_POKE) {
+            poke::enable();
+        }
+    }
+
     void IIDXGame::detach() {
         Game::detach();
 

src/spice2x/games/iidx/iidx.h

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
     extern bool FORCE_720P;
     extern bool DISABLE_ESPEC_IO;
     extern bool NATIVE_TOUCH;
+    extern bool ENABLE_POKE;
     extern std::optional<std::string> SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE;
     extern std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER;
     extern uint8_t DIGITAL_TT_SENS;
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
 
         virtual void attach() override;
         virtual void pre_attach() override;
+        virtual void post_attach() override;
         virtual void detach() override;
 
     private:

src/spice2x/games/iidx/local_camera.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #if SPICE64 && !SPICE_XP
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <d3d9.h>
 #include <dxva2api.h>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -66,6 +67,8 @@ extern std::string CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[];
 extern std::string DRAW_MODE_LABELS[];
 
 namespace games::iidx {
+    class IIDXCameraSourceReaderCallback;
+
     namespace Camera {
         struct PlayVideoCamera {
             IDirect3DTexture9** d3d9_texture(const uintptr_t offset) {
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
 
     class IIDXLocalCamera {
     protected:
-        virtual ~IIDXLocalCamera() {};
+        virtual ~IIDXLocalCamera();
 
         LONG m_nRefCount;
         CRITICAL_SECTION m_critsec;
@@ -101,9 +104,14 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         // For reading frames from Camera
         IMFMediaSource *m_pSource = nullptr;
         IMFSourceReader *m_pSourceReader = nullptr;
+        IMFSourceReaderEx *m_pSourceReaderEx = nullptr;
+        IIDXCameraSourceReaderCallback *m_pSourceReaderCallback = nullptr;
+        std::mutex m_mediaTypeMutex;
+        IMFMediaType *m_pendingMediaType = nullptr;
+        int m_selectedMediaTypeIndex = 0;
+        std::string m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = "";
 
         // Camera Format information
-        double                  m_frameRate = 0;
         LONG                    m_cameraWidth;
         LONG                    m_cameraHeight;
 
@@ -129,6 +137,12 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_conversionTexture = nullptr;
         IDirect3DSurface9 *m_pConversionSurf = nullptr;
 
+        // upload surface for decoded camera frames returned in system memory
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *m_pDecodedSurf = nullptr;
+        GUID m_decodedSubtype = GUID_NULL;
+        GUID m_outputSubtype = GUID_NULL;
+        bool m_drawErrorLogged = false;
+
         // Texture for custom transform (e.g. horizontal flip)
         LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_transformTexture = nullptr;
         IDirect3DSurface9 *m_pTransformSurf = nullptr;
@@ -153,21 +167,19 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         BOOL m_initialized = false;
 
         // True if all the setup steps succeeded
-        BOOL m_active = false;
+        std::atomic_bool m_active = false;
 
         // Media type select
         std::vector<MediaTypeInfo> m_mediaTypeInfos = {};
-        int m_selectedMediaTypeIndex = 0;
         bool m_useAutoMediaType = true;
         IMFMediaType *m_pAutoMediaType = nullptr;
-        std::string m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = "";
         bool m_allowManualControl = false;
 
-        LocalCameraDrawMode m_drawMode = DrawModeCrop4_3;
+        std::atomic<LocalCameraDrawMode> m_drawMode = DrawModeCrop4_3;
 
         // Render processing
-        bool m_flipHorizontal = false;
-        bool m_flipVertical = false;
+        std::atomic_bool m_flipHorizontal = false;
+        std::atomic_bool m_flipVertical = false;
 
         IIDXLocalCamera(
             std::string name,
@@ -184,11 +196,14 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         HRESULT GetCameraControlProp(int index, CameraControlProp *pProp);
         HRESULT SetCameraControlProp(int index, long value, long flags);
         HRESULT ResetCameraControlProps();
-        HRESULT FlushDrawCommands();
         std::string GetName();
         std::string GetFriendlyName();
         std::string GetSymLink();
+        int GetSelectedMediaTypeIndex();
+        std::string GetSelectedMediaTypeDescription();
+        void SetSelectedMediaTypeDescription(const std::string &description);
         HRESULT ChangeMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType);
+        void RequestMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType);
         HRESULT StartCapture();
         void UpdateDrawRect();
 
@@ -197,12 +212,22 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         void CreateThread();
         MediaTypeInfo GetMediaTypeInfo(IMFMediaType *pType);
         std::string GetVideoFormatName(GUID subtype);
-        HRESULT TryMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType, UINT32 *pBestWidth, double *pBestFrameRate);
+        static bool CompareMediaTypes(const MediaTypeInfo &a, const MediaTypeInfo &b);
+        bool MatchesPreferredAspect(const MediaTypeInfo &info) const;
+        static bool IsBetterAutoType(const MediaTypeInfo &candidate, const MediaTypeInfo &current);
+        IMFMediaType *FindBestNativeAutoType(bool requirePreferredAspect) const;
+        IMFMediaType *FindBestAutoType(const GUID &subtype, bool requirePreferredAspect) const;
+        HRESULT ValidateMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType);
         HRESULT InitTargetTexture();
+        HRESULT EnsureTransformTextures();
         HRESULT InitCameraControl();
+        void SetSelectedMediaType(int index, const std::string &description);
+        bool HasPendingMediaType();
+        HRESULT ApplyPendingMediaType();
+        HRESULT UploadDecodedSample(IMFMediaBuffer *pSrcBuffer);
         HRESULT DrawSample(IMFMediaBuffer *pSrcBuffer);
         HRESULT ReadSample();
-        LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 Render();
+        HRESULT Render();
     };
 }
 

src/spice2x/games/iidx/mf_wrappers.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         _In_ UINT32 cInitialSize
         );
 
+    typedef HRESULT (__stdcall * MFCreateMediaType_t)(
+        _Out_ IMFMediaType** ppMFType
+        );
+
     typedef HRESULT (__stdcall * MFEnumDeviceSources_t)(
         _In_ IMFAttributes* pAttributes,
         _Outptr_result_buffer_(*pcSourceActivate) IMFActivate*** pppSourceActivate,
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         );
 
     static MFCreateAttributes_t MFCreateAttributes = nullptr;
+    static MFCreateMediaType_t MFCreateMediaType = nullptr;
     static MFEnumDeviceSources_t MFEnumDeviceSources = nullptr;
     static MFCreateSourceReaderFromMediaSource_t MFCreateSourceReaderFromMediaSource = nullptr;
     static MFGetService_t MFGetService = nullptr;
@@ -66,6 +71,12 @@ namespace games::iidx {
             log_fatal("mf_wrappers", "MFCreateAttributes failed to hook");
         }
 
+        MFCreateMediaType = (MFCreateMediaType_t)
+            libutils::get_proc(mfplat_dll, "MFCreateMediaType");
+        if (!MFCreateMediaType) {
+            log_fatal("mf_wrappers", "MFCreateMediaType failed to hook");
+        }
+
         MFEnumDeviceSources = (MFEnumDeviceSources_t)
             libutils::get_proc(mf_dll, "MFEnumDeviceSources");
         if (!MFEnumDeviceSources) {
@@ -92,6 +103,11 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         return MFCreateAttributes(ppMFAttributes, cInitialSize);
     }
 
+    HRESULT WrappedMFCreateMediaType (
+        _Out_ IMFMediaType** ppMFType) {
+        return MFCreateMediaType(ppMFType);
+    }
+
     HRESULT WrappedMFEnumDeviceSources (
         _In_ IMFAttributes* pAttributes,
         _Outptr_result_buffer_(*pcSourceActivate) IMFActivate*** pppSourceActivate,

src/spice2x/games/iidx/mf_wrappers.h

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ namespace games::iidx {
         _Out_ IMFAttributes** ppMFAttributes,
         _In_ UINT32 cInitialSize);
 
+    HRESULT WrappedMFCreateMediaType (
+        _Out_ IMFMediaType** ppMFType);
+
     HRESULT WrappedMFEnumDeviceSources (
         _In_ IMFAttributes* pAttributes,
         _Outptr_result_buffer_(*pcSourceActivate) IMFActivate*** pppSourceActivate,

src/spice2x/games/iidx/poke.cpp

@@ -1,31 +1,17 @@
 #include "poke.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <thread>
 
 #include "windows.h"
-#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
 #include "games/io.h"
 #include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
 #include "launcher/shutdown.h"
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
-#include "overlay/overlay.h"
-#include "overlay/windows/generic_sub.h"
-#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "touch/native/inject.h"
 #include "touch/touch.h"
-#include "util/libutils.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
-
-#define POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH 0
-
-#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
-static HINSTANCE USER32_INSTANCE = nullptr;
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *InitializeTouchInjection_t)(UINT32, DWORD);
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *InjectTouchInput_t)(UINT32, POINTER_TOUCH_INFO*);
-static InitializeTouchInjection_t pInitializeTouchInjection = nullptr;
-static InjectTouchInput_t pInjectTouchInput = nullptr;
-#endif
 
 namespace games::iidx::poke {
 
@@ -116,80 +102,13 @@ namespace games::iidx::poke {
         {"1/D", 50},
     };
 
-#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
-    void initialize_native_touch_library() {
-        if (USER32_INSTANCE == nullptr) {
-            USER32_INSTANCE = libutils::load_library("user32.dll");
-        }
-
-        pInitializeTouchInjection = libutils::try_proc<InitializeTouchInjection_t>(
-                USER32_INSTANCE, "InitializeTouchInjection");
-        pInjectTouchInput = libutils::try_proc<InjectTouchInput_t>(
-                USER32_INSTANCE, "InjectTouchInput");
-    }
-
-    void emulate_native_touch(TouchPoint tp, bool is_down) {
-        if (pInjectTouchInput == nullptr) {
+    static void inject_native_touch_points(const std::vector<TouchPoint> &touch_points, bool down) {
+        if (touch_points.empty()) {
             return;
         }
 
-        POINTER_TOUCH_INFO contact;
-        BOOL bRet = TRUE;
-        const int contact_offset = 2;
-
-        memset(&contact, 0, sizeof(POINTER_TOUCH_INFO));
-
-        contact.pointerInfo.pointerType = PT_TOUCH;
-        contact.pointerInfo.pointerId = 0;
-        contact.pointerInfo.ptPixelLocation.x = tp.x;
-        contact.pointerInfo.ptPixelLocation.y = tp.y;
-        if (is_down) {
-            contact.pointerInfo.pointerFlags = POINTER_FLAG_DOWN | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT;
-        } else {
-            contact.pointerInfo.pointerFlags = POINTER_FLAG_UP;
-        }
-
-        contact.pointerInfo.dwTime = 0;
-        contact.pointerInfo.PerformanceCount = 0;
-
-        contact.touchFlags = TOUCH_FLAG_NONE;
-        contact.touchMask = TOUCH_MASK_CONTACTAREA | TOUCH_MASK_ORIENTATION | TOUCH_MASK_PRESSURE;
-        contact.orientation = 0;
-        contact.pressure = 1024;
-
-        contact.rcContact.top = tp.y - contact_offset;
-        contact.rcContact.bottom = tp.y + contact_offset;
-        contact.rcContact.left = tp.x - contact_offset;
-        contact.rcContact.right = tp.x + contact_offset;
-
-        bRet = InjectTouchInput(1, &contact);
-        if (!bRet) {
-            log_warning("poke", "error injecting native touch {}: ({}, {}) error: {}", is_down ? "down" : "up", tp.x, tp.y, GetLastError());
-        }
-    }
-
-    void emulate_native_touch_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points) {
-        int i = 0;
-        for (auto &touch : *touch_points) {
-            emulate_native_touch(touch, true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void clear_native_touch_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points) {
-        for (auto &touch : *touch_points) {
-            emulate_native_touch(touch, false);
-        }
-        touch_points->clear();
-    }
-#endif
-    
-    void clear_touch_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points) {
-        std::vector<DWORD> touch_ids;
-        for (auto &touch : *touch_points) {
-            touch_ids.emplace_back(touch.id);
-        }
-        touch_remove_points(&touch_ids);
-        touch_points->clear();
+        const auto &touch = touch_points.front();
+        nativetouch::inject::inject_synthetic_touch({ touch.x, touch.y }, down);
     }
     
     void enable() {
@@ -198,11 +117,14 @@ namespace games::iidx::poke {
         if (THREAD)
             return;
 
+        if (!games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH) {
+            log_warning("poke", "keypad touch emulation requires native touch; disabled");
+            return;
+        }
+
         // create new thread
         THREAD_RUNNING = true;
         THREAD = new std::thread([] {
-            timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
-
             // log
             log_info("poke", "enabled");
 
@@ -210,35 +132,13 @@ namespace games::iidx::poke {
             std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
             std::vector<uint16_t> last_keypad_state = {0, 0};
 
-#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
-            bool use_native = games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH;
-
-            if (use_native) {
-                initialize_native_touch_library();
-                
-                if (pInitializeTouchInjection != nullptr) {
-                    pInitializeTouchInjection(1, TOUCH_FEEDBACK_NONE);
-                }
-            }
-
-#else 
-            bool use_native = false;
-#endif
-
             // set variable to false to stop
             while (THREAD_RUNNING) {
 
                 // clean up touch from last frame
                 if (touch_points.size() > 0) {
-#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
-                    if (use_native) {
-                        clear_native_touch_points(&touch_points);
-                    } else {
-                        clear_touch_points(&touch_points);
-                    }
-#else
-                    clear_touch_points(&touch_points);
-#endif
+                    inject_native_touch_points(touch_points, false);
+                    touch_points.clear();
                 }
 
                 for (int unit = 0; unit < 2; unit++) {
@@ -263,32 +163,15 @@ namespace games::iidx::poke {
 
                                     float x = x_iter->second / 1920.0;
                                     float y = y_iter->second / 1080.0;
-                                    if (use_native) {
-                                        x *= rawinput::TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_X;
-                                        y *= rawinput::TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_Y;
-                                    } else if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
-                                        // Scale to windowed subscreen
-                                        x *= GRAPHICS_WSUB_WIDTH;
-                                        y *= GRAPHICS_WSUB_HEIGHT;
-                                    } else if (GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_FULLSIZE || !overlay::OVERLAY->get_active()) {
-                                        // Overlay is not present, scale to main screen
                                     if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-                                            x *= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH;
-                                            y *= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT;
-                                        } else {
-                                            x *= ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x;
-                                            y *= ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y;
+                                        if (SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH <= 0 || SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT <= 0) {
+                                            continue;
                                         }
+                                        x = SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X + x * SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH;
+                                        y = SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y + y * SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT;
                                     } else {
-                                        // Overlay subscreen
-                                        x = (GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_X + x * GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_WIDTH);
-                                        y = (GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_Y + y * GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_HEIGHT);
-
-                                        // Scale to window size ratio
-                                        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-                                            x *= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH / ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x;
-                                            y *= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT / ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y;
-                                        }
+                                        x = x_iter->second;
+                                        y = y_iter->second;
                                     }
 
                                     TouchPoint tp {
@@ -309,19 +192,15 @@ namespace games::iidx::poke {
                 } // for all units
 
                 if (touch_points.size() > 0) {
-#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
-                    if (use_native) {
-                        emulate_native_touch_points(&touch_points);
-                    } else {
-                        touch_write_points(&touch_points);
-                    }
-#else
-                    touch_write_points(&touch_points);
-#endif
+                    inject_native_touch_points(touch_points, true);
                 }
 
                 // slow down
-                timer.sleep(50);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
+            }
+
+            if (!touch_points.empty()) {
+                inject_native_touch_points(touch_points, false);
             }
 
             return nullptr;

src/spice2x/games/io.cpp

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ namespace games {
     static bool IO_INITIALIZED = false;
     static std::vector<std::string> games;
     static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Button> &> buttons;
+    static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Button>> buttons_modifiers;
     static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Button>> buttons_keypads;
     static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Button>> buttons_overlay;
     static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> buttons_help;
@@ -132,6 +133,7 @@ namespace games {
         buttons_help.insert({ jb, jb::get_buttons_help() });
         lights.insert({ jb, jb::get_lights() });
         file_hints[jb].push_back({"jubeat.dll"});
+        file_hints[jb].push_back({"jubeat2019.dll"});
 
         // mga
         const std::string mga("Metal Gear");
@@ -365,6 +367,37 @@ namespace games {
         return it->second;
     }
 
+    static std::vector<Button> gen_buttons_modifiers(const std::string &game) {
+        auto modifier_buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons(game);
+        const std::vector<std::string> names {
+            "Modifier 1",
+            "Modifier 2",
+            "Modifier 3",
+            "Modifier 4",
+        };
+        modifier_buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(modifier_buttons, names);
+        for (auto &modifier : modifier_buttons) {
+            modifier.setModifierMask(0);
+            for (auto &alternative : modifier.getAlternatives()) {
+                alternative.setModifierMask(0);
+            }
+        }
+        return modifier_buttons;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Button> *get_buttons_modifiers(const std::string &game) {
+        initialize();
+        auto it = buttons_modifiers.find(game);
+        if (it == buttons_modifiers.end()) {
+            if (game.empty()) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            buttons_modifiers[game] = gen_buttons_modifiers(game);
+            return &buttons_modifiers[game];
+        }
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+
     static std::vector<Button> gen_buttons_keypads(const std::string &game) {
         auto buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons(game);
         std::vector<std::string> names;

src/spice2x/games/io.h

@@ -5,6 +5,16 @@
 
 namespace games {
 
+    namespace ModifierButtons {
+        enum {
+            Modifier1,
+            Modifier2,
+            Modifier3,
+            Modifier4,
+            Size,
+        };
+    }
+
     namespace OverlayButtons {
         enum {
             Screenshot,
@@ -59,6 +69,7 @@ namespace games {
 
     const std::vector<std::string> &get_games();
     std::vector<Button> *get_buttons(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Button> *get_buttons_modifiers(const std::string &game);
     std::string get_buttons_help(const std::string &game);
     std::string get_analogs_help(const std::string &game);
     std::vector<Button> *get_buttons_keypads(const std::string &game);

src/spice2x/games/jb/bi2x_hook.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+
+#if SPICE64
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/jb/jb_touch.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace games::jb {
+
+    struct AIO_SCI_COMM {
+        std::array<uint8_t, 0x100> data;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2;
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2_VTABLE {
+        std::array<void *, 10> unused;
+        void (__fastcall *begin_manage)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr);
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2 {
+        AIO_NMGR_IOB2_VTABLE *vtable;
+        std::array<uint8_t, 0x78> data;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 {
+        std::array<uint8_t, 0x80> data;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44_DEVSTATUS {
+        std::array<uint8_t, 0x140> data;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM {
+        uint8_t data;
+    };
+
+    static_assert(sizeof(AIO_NMGR_IOB2) == 0x80);
+    static_assert(sizeof(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44_DEVSTATUS) == 0x140);
+
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_t = AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *(__fastcall *)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr,
+            uint32_t device_id);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node,
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44_DEVSTATUS *status);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t reset);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint8_t count);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node,
+            uint32_t slot, bool open);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node,
+            uint32_t counter, uint32_t count);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t color);
+    using aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node,
+            uint32_t tape, const void *data);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t = AIO_SCI_COMM *(__fastcall *)(uint32_t serial_number);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t = AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *(__fastcall *)(
+            uint32_t serial_number, uint32_t iob_mask);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *context);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t = int32_t (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *context);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_t = bool (__fastcall *)(int32_t state);
+    using aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_t = bool (__fastcall *)(int32_t state);
+    using aioNMgrIob2_Create_t = AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *(__fastcall *)(AIO_SCI_COMM *sci, uint32_t mode);
+    using aioSci_Destroy_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_SCI_COMM *sci);
+    using aioNodeMgr_Destroy_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr);
+    using aioNodeCtl_Destroy_t = void (__fastcall *)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node);
+    using aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus_t = void (__fastcall *)();
+
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_t aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNMgrIob2_Create_t aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioSci_Destroy_t aioSci_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeMgr_Destroy_t aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_Destroy_t aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus_t aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM *aio_sci_comm = nullptr;
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *aio_node_mgr = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *aio_t44 = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *aio_write_firm = nullptr;
+    static uint8_t input_counter = 0;
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNMgrIob_BeginManage(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *) {
+    }
+
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2_VTABLE aio_node_mgr_vtable {
+        {},
+        aioNMgrIob_BeginManage,
+    };
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM *__fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc(uint32_t) {
+        aio_sci_comm = new AIO_SCI_COMM {};
+        return aio_sci_comm;
+    }
+
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *__fastcall aioNMgrIob2_Create(AIO_SCI_COMM *sci, uint32_t mode) {
+        if (sci != aio_sci_comm) {
+            return aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig(sci, mode);
+        }
+
+        aio_node_mgr = new AIO_NMGR_IOB2 {};
+        aio_node_mgr->vtable = &aio_node_mgr_vtable;
+        return aio_node_mgr;
+    }
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *__fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create(
+            AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr, uint32_t device_id) {
+        if (node_mgr != aio_node_mgr) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_orig(node_mgr, device_id);
+        }
+
+        log_info("jb::bi2x", "T44 node created");
+        aio_t44 = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 {};
+        return aio_t44;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus(
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44_DEVSTATUS *status) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_orig(node, status);
+        }
+
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+        std::memset(status, 0, sizeof(*status));
+
+        status->data[0x00] = input_counter;
+        status->data[0x03] = input_counter++;
+        status->data[0x0A] = static_cast<uint8_t>(eamuse_coin_get_stock());
+
+        games::jb::touch_update();
+        const auto touched = games::jb::touch_state();
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        status->data[0x04] = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Test]) ? 0xFF : 0;
+        status->data[0x05] = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Service]) ? 0xFF : 0;
+        status->data[0x06] = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::CoinMech]) ? 0xFF : 0;
+
+        static constexpr size_t PANEL_ORDER[16] = {
+            3, 7, 11, 15,
+            2, 6, 10, 14,
+            1, 5, 9, 13,
+            0, 4, 8, 12,
+        };
+        for (size_t status_index = 0; status_index < std::size(PANEL_ORDER); status_index++) {
+            const auto panel_index = PANEL_ORDER[status_index];
+            if (touched[panel_index] || GameAPI::Buttons::getState(
+                    RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button1 + panel_index])) {
+                status->data[0x0F + status_index] = 0xFF;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t reset) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_orig(node, reset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint8_t count) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_orig(node, count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker(
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t slot, bool open) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_orig(node, slot, open);
+        }
+
+        eamuse_coin_set_block(!open);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter(
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t counter, uint32_t count) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_orig(node, counter, count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t color) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_orig(node, color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData(
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node, uint32_t tape, const void *data) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_orig(node, tape, data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *__fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext(uint32_t, uint32_t) {
+        aio_write_firm = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM {};
+        return aio_write_firm;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *context) {
+        if (context != aio_write_firm) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig(context);
+        }
+
+        delete aio_write_firm;
+        aio_write_firm = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static int32_t __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *context) {
+        if (context != aio_write_firm) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig(context);
+        }
+        return 8;
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted(int32_t state) {
+        if (aio_write_firm) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig(state);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError(int32_t state) {
+        if (aio_write_firm) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig(state);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioSci_Destroy(AIO_SCI_COMM *sci) {
+        if (sci != aio_sci_comm) {
+            return aioSci_Destroy_orig(sci);
+        }
+
+        delete aio_sci_comm;
+        aio_sci_comm = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeMgr_Destroy(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *node_mgr) {
+        if (node_mgr != aio_node_mgr) {
+            return aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig(node_mgr);
+        }
+
+        delete aio_node_mgr;
+        aio_node_mgr = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeCtl_Destroy(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44 *node) {
+        if (node != aio_t44) {
+            return aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig(node);
+        }
+
+        delete aio_t44;
+        aio_t44 = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus() {
+    }
+
+    void bi2x_hook_init() {
+        static bool initialized = false;
+        if (initialized) {
+            return;
+        }
+        initialized = true;
+
+        log_info("jb::bi2x", "initializing T44 hooks");
+
+        const auto libaio_iob2_video = "libaio-iob2_video.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video, "aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_Create_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video,
+                "?GetDeviceStatus@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEBAXAEAUDEVSTATUS@1@@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_GetDeviceStatus_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video, "?IoReset@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXI@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_IoReset_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video,
+                "?SetWatchDogTimer@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXE@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetWatchDogTimer_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video,
+                "?ControlCoinBlocker@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXI_N@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_ControlCoinBlocker_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video, "?AddCounter@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXII@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_AddCounter_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video, "?SetIccrLed@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXI@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetIccrLed_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob2_video,
+                "?SetTapeLedData@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_T44@@QEAAXIPEBX@Z",
+                aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData, &aioIob2Bi2xT44_SetTapeLedData_orig);
+
+        const auto libaio_iob = "libaio-iob.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc, &aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext, &aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext, &aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio_iob, "aioNMgrIob2_Create",
+                aioNMgrIob2_Create, &aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig);
+
+        const auto libaio = "libaio.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio, "aioSci_Destroy", aioSci_Destroy, &aioSci_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio, "aioNodeMgr_Destroy",
+                aioNodeMgr_Destroy, &aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio, "aioNodeCtl_Destroy",
+                aioNodeCtl_Destroy, &aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaio, "aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus",
+                aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus, &aioNodeCtl_UpdateDevicesStatus_orig);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif

src/spice2x/games/jb/bi2x_hook.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#if SPICE64
+
+namespace games::jb {
+    void bi2x_hook_init();
+}
+
+#endif

src/spice2x/games/jb/jb.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <filesystem>
 
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
 #include "cfg/configurator.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
 #include "util/detour.h"
@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@
 
 namespace games::jb {
 
+#if !SPICE64
+
     // fixes "IP ADDR CHANGE" errors with unusual network setups (e.g. a VPN)
     static BOOL __stdcall network_addr_is_changed() {
         return 0;
@@ -31,6 +35,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
         return 0;
     }
 
+#endif
+
     JBGame::JBGame() : Game("Jubeat") {
     }
 
@@ -60,8 +66,18 @@ namespace games::jb {
     void JBGame::attach() {
         Game::attach();
 
+#if SPICE64
+        if (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "jubeat2019.dll") {
+            libutils::load_library("libaio.dll");
+            libutils::load_library("libaio-iob.dll");
+            libutils::load_library("libaio-iob2_video.dll");
+            bi2x_hook_init();
+        }
+#endif
+
         touch_attach();
 
+#if !SPICE64
         // enable debug logging of gftools
         HMODULE gftools = libutils::try_module("gftools.dll");
         detour::inline_hook((void *) GFDbgSetReportFunc, libutils::try_proc(
@@ -75,6 +91,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
                 network, "network_get_network_check_info"));
         detour::inline_hook((void *) network_get_dhcp_result, libutils::try_proc(
                 network, "network_get_dhcp_result"));
+#endif
+
     }
 
     void JBGame::detach() {

src/spice2x/games/jb/jb_touch.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 // (6, 8) in landscape.
 #define JB_BUTTON_SIZE 160
 #define JB_MAX_BUTTON_GAP 38
+#define JB_T44_BUTTON_SIZE 224
+#define JB_T44_BUTTON_GAP 33
 
 // improved and plus modes use this reach around each button. must be >= the
 // diagonal half of the widest gap (~27px) so the grid centre still reaches a button.
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ namespace games::jb {
     static std::atomic_bool TOUCH_ENABLE = false;
     static bool TOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
     static bool IS_PORTRAIT = true;
+    static bool IS_T44 = false;
     static std::atomic_uint16_t TOUCH_STATE = 0;
 
     // fixed-size contact view used by the debug overlay
@@ -85,35 +88,45 @@ namespace games::jb {
     // --- touch geometry ------------------------------------------------------
     // gaps between the four buttons along one axis (the middle gap is 1px wider)
     static const int JB_BUTTON_GAPS[3] = { 37, JB_MAX_BUTTON_GAP, 37 };
+    static const int JB_T44_BUTTON_GAPS[3] = {
+        JB_T44_BUTTON_GAP,
+        JB_T44_BUTTON_GAP,
+        JB_T44_BUTTON_GAP,
+    };
 
     struct AxisGeometry {
+        int size;
         int button[4]; // left/top edge of each button
     };
 
     // left/top edges of the four buttons along one axis, starting at `first`
-    static AxisGeometry axis_geometry(int first) {
+    static AxisGeometry axis_geometry(int first, int size, const int gaps[3]) {
         AxisGeometry g {};
+        g.size = size;
         g.button[0] = first;
         for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
-            g.button[i] = g.button[i - 1] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE + JB_BUTTON_GAPS[i - 1];
+            g.button[i] = g.button[i - 1] + size + gaps[i - 1];
         }
         return g;
     }
 
     // button edges for the current orientation
     static void touch_geometry(AxisGeometry &gx, AxisGeometry &gy) {
-        if (IS_PORTRAIT) {
-            gx = axis_geometry(8);
-            gy = axis_geometry(602);
+        if (IS_T44) {
+            gx = axis_geometry(37, JB_T44_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_T44_BUTTON_GAPS);
+            gy = axis_geometry(864, JB_T44_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_T44_BUTTON_GAPS);
+        } else if (IS_PORTRAIT) {
+            gx = axis_geometry(8, JB_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_BUTTON_GAPS);
+            gy = axis_geometry(602, JB_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_BUTTON_GAPS);
         } else {
-            gx = axis_geometry(6);
-            gy = axis_geometry(8);
+            gx = axis_geometry(6, JB_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_BUTTON_GAPS);
+            gy = axis_geometry(8, JB_BUTTON_SIZE, JB_BUTTON_GAPS);
         }
     }
 
     // distance from `p` to a button along one axis (0 when inside)
-    static int axis_distance(int p, int button) {
-        int end = button + JB_BUTTON_SIZE - 1;
+    static int axis_distance(int p, int button, int size) {
+        int end = button + size - 1;
         if (p < button) {
             return button - p;
         }
@@ -131,8 +144,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
         int best_dist = 0;
         for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
             for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
-                int dx = axis_distance(px, gx.button[c]);
-                int dy = axis_distance(py, gy.button[r]);
+                int dx = axis_distance(px, gx.button[c], gx.size);
+                int dy = axis_distance(py, gy.button[r], gy.size);
                 int dist = dx * dx + dy * dy;
                 if (dist <= radius * radius && (best_index < 0 || dist < best_dist)) {
                     best_dist = dist;
@@ -145,7 +158,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
 
     // detection reach for the current algorithm (0 = register only inside a button)
     static int touch_radius() {
-        return TOUCH_ALGORITHM == AcAccurate ? 0 : JB_TOUCH_RADIUS;
+        return TOUCH_ALGORITHM == AcAccurate || (IS_T44 && TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy) ?
+            0 : JB_TOUCH_RADIUS;
     }
 
     // mark the buttons a touch at (px, py) hits: only the nearest within `radius`, or
@@ -162,8 +176,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
         }
         for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
             for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
-                int dx = axis_distance(px, gx.button[c]);
-                int dy = axis_distance(py, gy.button[r]);
+                int dx = axis_distance(px, gx.button[c], gx.size);
+                int dy = axis_distance(py, gy.button[r], gy.size);
                 if (dx * dx + dy * dy <= radius * radius) {
                     state |= uint16_t(1) << (r * 4 + c);
                 }
@@ -184,11 +198,15 @@ namespace games::jb {
         // one-time touch window attach
         if (!TOUCH_ATTACHED) {
 
+            IS_T44 = avs::game::is_model("T44");
+            IS_PORTRAIT = IS_T44 || avs::game::is_model("L44");
+
             // find the game window: prefer the foreground window, else search by
-            // title (the model name prefixes the window title in every version)
+            // title (T44 uses a fixed title instead of the model prefix)
+            const char *window_title = IS_T44 ? "jubeat 10 main" : avs::game::MODEL;
             HWND wnd = GetForegroundWindow();
-            if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), avs::game::MODEL)) {
-                wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(avs::game::MODEL);
+            if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), window_title)) {
+                wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(window_title);
             }
             if (!wnd) {
                 log_warning("jubeat", "could not find window handle for touch");
@@ -197,16 +215,13 @@ namespace games::jb {
                 return;
             }
 
-            // only the L44 model runs in portrait; set this before starting the
-            // touch-window thread so the renderer only observes the final value
-            IS_PORTRAIT = avs::game::is_model("L44");
-
             log_info("jubeat", "using window handle for touch: {}", fmt::ptr(wnd));
-            touch_create_wnd(wnd, true);
 
             // let the rawinput stack correct the aspect ratio
             ::rawinput::touch::ASPECT_COMPENSATION_GAME = true;
 
+            touch_create_wnd(wnd, true);
+
             if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
                 ShowCursor(TRUE);
             }
@@ -231,7 +246,7 @@ namespace games::jb {
             return !touch_matured(tp, now_ms, threshold_ms);
         });
 
-        if (TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy) {
+        if (TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy && !IS_T44) {
 
             // legacy: evenly divide the play area into a 4x4 grid
             auto offset = IS_PORTRAIT ? 580 : 0;
@@ -310,7 +325,7 @@ namespace games::jb {
                 for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
                     cells[r * 4 + c] = {
                         gx.button[c], gy.button[r],
-                        gx.button[c] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE, gy.button[r] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE
+                        gx.button[c] + gx.size, gy.button[r] + gy.size
                     };
                 }
             }
@@ -351,8 +366,8 @@ namespace games::jb {
                              const AxisGeometry &gx, const AxisGeometry &gy, int arc_radius) {
         int c = index % 4;
         int r = index / 4;
-        double mid = std::atan2((gy.button[r] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE / 2) - py,
-                                (gx.button[c] + JB_BUTTON_SIZE / 2) - px);
+        double mid = std::atan2((gy.button[r] + gy.size / 2) - py,
+                    (gx.button[c] + gx.size / 2) - px);
         const double quarter = 3.14159265358979323846 / 2.0;
         const int segments = 16;
         POINT arc[segments + 1];
@@ -424,7 +439,7 @@ namespace games::jb {
         }
 
         // legacy divides the field evenly; the other algorithms use button squares
-        bool legacy = (TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy);
+        bool legacy = TOUCH_ALGORITHM == Legacy && !IS_T44;
         AxisGeometry gx {}, gy {};
         if (!legacy) {
             touch_geometry(gx, gy);

src/spice2x/games/mfg/mfg.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "util/utils.h"
 #include "util/execexe.h"
 #include "acioemu/handle.h"
-#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
 #include "bi2a_hook.h"
 

src/spice2x/games/nost/nost.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-// enable touch functions - set version to windows 7
-// mingw otherwise doesn't load touch stuff
-#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601
-
 #include "nost.h"
 #include "poke.h"
+#include "touch_mode.h"
 #include "hooks/setupapihook.h"
 #include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 #include "avs/game.h"
 
 namespace games::nost {
 
     bool ENABLE_POKE = false;
+    bool ENABLE_TOUCH_MODE = false;
 
     NostGame::NostGame() : Game("Nostalgia") {
     }
@@ -43,9 +42,16 @@ namespace games::nost {
         setupapihook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
         setupapihook_add(touch_settings);
 
-        // custom touch
-        // nostalgia crashes if you inject touch events too early
+        const auto native_touch_ready = !wintouchemu::FORCE &&
+            nativetouch::hook(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        if (!native_touch_ready) {
+            wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
             wintouchemu::hook("nostalgia", avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE, 20);
+        } else {
+            if (ENABLE_TOUCH_MODE) {
+                touch_mode::enable();
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     void NostGame::post_attach() {
@@ -55,6 +61,9 @@ namespace games::nost {
     }
 
     void NostGame::detach() {
+        if (ENABLE_TOUCH_MODE) {
+            touch_mode::disable();
+        }
         if (ENABLE_POKE) {
             poke::disable();
         }

src/spice2x/games/nost/nost.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace games::nost {
 
     extern bool ENABLE_POKE;
+    extern bool ENABLE_TOUCH_MODE;
 
     class NostGame : public games::Game {
     public:

src/spice2x/games/nost/poke.cpp

@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
 #include "poke.h"
 
-#include <thread>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <optional>
+#include <thread>
 
 #include "games/nost/io.h"
 #include "cfg/api.h"
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
-#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "touch/native/inject.h"
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 
 namespace games::nost::poke {
 
     static std::thread *THREAD = nullptr;
-    static volatile bool THREAD_RUNNING = false;
+    static std::atomic<bool> THREAD_RUNNING { false };
 
-    static const std::unordered_map<int, std::pair<LONG, LONG>> NOST_POKE_NUM {
+    // positions use game-client pixels, matching the legacy client-sized touch window
+    static const std::unordered_map<int, std::pair<LONG, LONG>> NOST_POKE_KEYPAD {
         {EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0, {760, 440}},
         {EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1, {760, 385}},
         {EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2, {820, 385}},
@@ -31,7 +34,8 @@ namespace games::nost::poke {
         {EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL, {880, 440}} // also erase button
     };
 
-    static const std::unordered_map<games::nost::Buttons::Button, std::pair<LONG, LONG>> NOST_POKE {
+    static const std::unordered_map<
+        games::nost::Buttons::Button, std::pair<LONG, LONG>> NOST_POKE_BUTTONS {
         {games::nost::Buttons::Button::PokeConfirm, {1100, 525}},
         {games::nost::Buttons::Button::PokeBack, {340, 100}},
         {games::nost::Buttons::Button::PokeSong1, {450, 190}},
@@ -46,13 +50,8 @@ namespace games::nost::poke {
         {games::nost::Buttons::Button::PokeDifficulty4, {820, 490}},
     };
 
-    void clear_touch_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points) {
-        std::vector<DWORD> touch_ids;
-        for (auto &touch : *touch_points) {
-            touch_ids.emplace_back(touch.id);
-        }
-        touch_remove_points(&touch_ids);
-        touch_points->clear();
+    static bool inject_poke_position(POINT position, bool down) {
+        return nativetouch::inject::inject_synthetic_touch(position, down);
     }
 
     void enable() {
@@ -61,126 +60,143 @@ namespace games::nost::poke {
             return;
         }
 
+        if (!nativetouch::is_hooked()) {
+            log_warning("poke", "Nostalgia poke requires native touch; disabled");
+            return;
+        }
+
         // create new thread
         THREAD_RUNNING = true;
         THREAD = new std::thread([] {
-            timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
-            const DWORD touch_id = (DWORD)(0xFFFFFFFE);
-
             const int swipe_anim_total_frames = 6;
             const int swipe_anim_y = 300;
 
             const int swipe_next_page_x_begin = 1120;
-            const int swipe_next_page_x_end = 1120-120;
+            const int swipe_next_page_x_end = 1120 - 120;
 
-            const int swipe_prev_page_x_begin = 280-120;
+            const int swipe_prev_page_x_begin = 280 - 120;
             const int swipe_prev_page_x_end = 280;
 
             int next_page_anim_index = -1;
             int prev_page_anim_index = -1;
-            std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
-
-            bool touch_release = false;
+            bool contact_active = false;
+            bool release_pending = false;
+            POINT last_position {};
+            std::unordered_map<games::nost::Buttons::Button, bool> button_states;
+            uint16_t last_keypad_state = 0;
 
             // log
             log_info("poke", "enabled");
 
             // set variable to false to stop
             while (THREAD_RUNNING) {
-                // clean up touch from last frame
-                if (!touch_points.empty()) {
-                    if (touch_release) {
-                        clear_touch_points(&touch_points);
-                        touch_release = false;
-                    } else {
-                        touch_points.clear();
+                if (release_pending) {
+                    if (contact_active) {
+                        inject_poke_position(last_position, false);
                     }
+                    contact_active = false;
+                    release_pending = false;
                 }
 
                 auto &buttons = games::nost::get_buttons();
+                std::optional<POINT> touch_position;
+                bool release_after_touch = false;
+
+                const auto button_triggered = [&](games::nost::Buttons::Button button) {
+                    const auto pressed =
+                        GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(button));
+                    const auto triggered = pressed && !button_states[button];
+                    button_states[button] = pressed;
+                    return triggered;
+                };
+
+                std::optional<POINT> triggered_touch_position;
+                for (const auto& it : NOST_POKE_BUTTONS) {
+                    if (button_triggered(it.first) && !triggered_touch_position.has_value()) {
+                        triggered_touch_position = POINT {
+                            it.second.first,
+                            it.second.second,
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+
+                const auto next_triggered =
+                    button_triggered(games::nost::Buttons::PokeNextPage);
+                const auto prev_triggered =
+                    button_triggered(games::nost::Buttons::PokePrevPage);
+
+                const auto keypad_state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(0);
+                if (!triggered_touch_position.has_value()) {
+                    for (const auto& it : NOST_POKE_KEYPAD) {
+                        const auto mask = static_cast<uint16_t>(1 << it.first);
+                        if ((keypad_state & mask) && !(last_keypad_state & mask)) {
+                            triggered_touch_position = POINT {
+                                it.second.first,
+                                it.second.second,
+                            };
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                last_keypad_state = keypad_state;
 
                 if (0 <= next_page_anim_index) {
                     const auto delta =
                         (swipe_next_page_x_end - swipe_next_page_x_begin)
                         * (swipe_anim_total_frames - next_page_anim_index) / swipe_anim_total_frames;
 
-                    TouchPoint tp {
-                        .id = touch_id,
-                        .x = (LONG)swipe_next_page_x_begin + delta,
-                        .y = (LONG)swipe_anim_y,
-                        .mouse = true,
+                    touch_position = POINT {
+                        swipe_next_page_x_begin + delta,
+                        swipe_anim_y,
                     };
-                    touch_points.emplace_back(tp);
                     next_page_anim_index--;
                     if (next_page_anim_index < 0) {
-                        touch_release = true;
+                        release_after_touch = true;
                     }
                 } else if (0 <= prev_page_anim_index) {
                     const auto delta =
                         (swipe_prev_page_x_end - swipe_prev_page_x_begin)
                         * (swipe_anim_total_frames - prev_page_anim_index) / swipe_anim_total_frames;
 
-                    TouchPoint tp {
-                        .id = touch_id,
-                        .x = (LONG)swipe_prev_page_x_begin + delta,
-                        .y = (LONG)swipe_anim_y,
-                        .mouse = true,
+                    touch_position = POINT {
+                        swipe_prev_page_x_begin + delta,
+                        swipe_anim_y,
                     };
-                    touch_points.emplace_back(tp);
                     prev_page_anim_index--;
                     if (prev_page_anim_index < 0) {
-                        touch_release = true;
+                        release_after_touch = true;
                     }
                 } else {
-                    for (const auto& it : NOST_POKE) {
-                        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(it.first))) {
-                            TouchPoint tp {
-                                .id = touch_id,
-                                .x = it.second.first,
-                                .y = it.second.second,
-                                .mouse = true,
-                            };
-                            touch_points.emplace_back(tp);
-                            touch_release = true;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (!touch_release) {
-                        const auto state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(0);
-                        if (state) {
-                            for (const auto& it : NOST_POKE_NUM) {
-                                if (state & (1 << it.first)) {
-                                    TouchPoint tp {
-                                        .id = touch_id,
-                                        .x = it.second.first,
-                                        .y = it.second.second,
-                                        .mouse = true,
-                                    };
-                                    touch_points.emplace_back(tp);
-                                    touch_release = true;
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+                    touch_position = triggered_touch_position;
+                    release_after_touch = touch_position.has_value();
 
                     // start animations for next frame
-                    if (!touch_release) {
-                        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::nost::Buttons::PokeNextPage))) {
+                    if (!touch_position.has_value()) {
+                        if (next_triggered) {
                             next_page_anim_index = swipe_anim_total_frames;
                         }
-                        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::nost::Buttons::PokePrevPage))) {
+
+                        if (prev_triggered) {
                             prev_page_anim_index = swipe_anim_total_frames;
                         }
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (!touch_points.empty()) {
-                    touch_write_points(&touch_points);
+                if (touch_position.has_value() &&
+                    inject_poke_position(*touch_position, true)) {
+                    contact_active = true;
+                    last_position = *touch_position;
+                }
+                if (release_after_touch && contact_active) {
+                    release_pending = true;
                 }
 
                 // slow down
-                timer.sleep(30);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+            }
+
+            if (contact_active) {
+                inject_poke_position(last_position, false);
             }
 
             return nullptr;

src/spice2x/games/nost/touch_mode.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+#include "touch_mode.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace games::nost::touch_mode {
+
+    // native contact positions feed piano input directly. native events reach the game
+    // in nav mode and are suppressed in piano mode. mode-button contacts are always
+    // suppressed and change that routing after release.
+    static constexpr LONG PIANO_LEFT_GAP = 11;
+    static constexpr LONG PIANO_RIGHT_GAP = 10;
+    static constexpr uint32_t PIANO_KEY_COUNT = 28;
+
+    struct TouchGeometry {
+        HWND window = nullptr;
+        RECT mode_button {};
+        LONG client_width = 0;
+        LONG client_height = 0;
+
+        bool valid() const {
+            return window != nullptr && client_width > 0 && client_height > 0;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct NativeContact {
+        POINT position {};
+
+        // position contains game-client coordinates
+        bool client_position_valid = false;
+
+        // down began on the mode switch button; remains true through up
+        bool mode_button = false;
+    };
+
+    static std::atomic_bool accept_events { false };
+    static std::atomic<Mode> current_mode_state { Mode::Nav };
+    static std::mutex state_mutex;
+    static TouchGeometry touch_geometry;
+
+    // native contacts are kept by ID so each contact contributes exactly one position
+    static std::unordered_map<DWORD, NativeContact> active_contacts;
+
+    // a hardware button release requests one change after all contacts are released
+    static bool mode_change_pending = false;
+
+    static void reset_state_locked() {
+        current_mode_state.store(Mode::Nav, std::memory_order_release);
+        touch_geometry = {};
+        active_contacts.clear();
+        mode_change_pending = false;
+    }
+
+    // hardware contacts arrive in screen coordinates
+    static bool native_touch_in_button(const nativetouch::NativeTouchEvent &event) {
+        if (!touch_geometry.valid()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        POINT position { event.x, event.y };
+        if (!ScreenToClient(touch_geometry.window, &position)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return PtInRect(&touch_geometry.mode_button, position) != FALSE;
+    }
+
+    static bool update_touch_state(const nativetouch::NativeTouchEvent &event) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+
+        // first, process down / move events
+        if (event.down || event.move) {
+            auto contact = active_contacts.try_emplace(event.id).first;
+
+            // keep track of IDs that began as a down on the mode switch button
+            if (event.down) {
+                contact->second.mode_button = native_touch_in_button(event);
+            }
+
+            // check for valid position
+            POINT position { event.x, event.y };
+            if (touch_geometry.window != nullptr &&
+                ScreenToClient(touch_geometry.window, &position)) {
+                contact->second.position = position;
+                contact->second.client_position_valid = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const auto contact = active_contacts.find(event.id);
+        const bool mode_button_contact = contact != active_contacts.end() &&
+            contact->second.mode_button;
+
+        // process up events
+        if (event.up) {
+            active_contacts.erase(event.id);
+
+            // if a contact that began down event on the mode switch button has
+            // been released, a mode switch is now pending
+            if (mode_button_contact) {
+                mode_change_pending = true;
+            }
+
+            // apply the change on the final hardware up. switching earlier would
+            // split another contact's down and up events across different modes
+            if (mode_change_pending && active_contacts.empty()) {
+                mode_change_pending = false;
+                const auto next_mode = current_mode() == Mode::Nav ? Mode::Piano : Mode::Nav;
+                current_mode_state.store(next_mode, std::memory_order_release);
+            }
+        }
+        return mode_button_contact;
+    }
+
+    // install the Nostalgia-specific native touch interception
+    void enable() {
+        if (accept_events.exchange(true, std::memory_order_acq_rel)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+            reset_state_locked();
+        }
+
+        nativetouch::set_input_filter(filter_native_touch);
+        log_info("nost::touch", "enabled");
+    }
+
+    void disable() {
+        if (!accept_events.exchange(false, std::memory_order_acq_rel)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        nativetouch::set_input_filter(nullptr);
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+        reset_state_locked();
+    }
+
+    bool enabled() {
+        return accept_events.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+    }
+
+    Mode current_mode() {
+        return current_mode_state.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+    }
+
+    // publish the rendered overlay button rectangle in game-client pixels
+    void publish_button_bounds(HWND window, const RECT &client_bounds) {
+        TouchGeometry next {};
+        RECT client_rect {};
+        if (window != nullptr && GetClientRect(window, &client_rect) &&
+            client_rect.right > 0 && client_rect.bottom > 0) {
+            next.window = window;
+            next.mode_button = client_bounds;
+            next.client_width = client_rect.right;
+            next.client_height = client_rect.bottom;
+        }
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+        touch_geometry = next;
+    }
+
+    // return the active 28-key piano bitfield for the PANB input update
+    uint32_t piano_key_state() {
+        if (!enabled() || current_mode() != Mode::Piano) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+        if (current_mode() != Mode::Piano || !touch_geometry.valid()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t state = 0;
+        for (const auto &contact : active_contacts) {
+            // invalid position or mode-button contact; ignore these contacts
+            if (!contact.second.client_position_valid || contact.second.mode_button) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto &position = contact.second.position;
+
+            // outside the client area or on the mode button; ignore these contacts
+            if (position.x < 0 || position.x >= touch_geometry.client_width ||
+                position.y < 0 || position.y >= touch_geometry.client_height ||
+                PtInRect(&touch_geometry.mode_button, position)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // divide the inset width evenly; touches in either side gap clamp to
+            // the nearest outer key so the physical screen edges remain playable
+            const auto piano_width =
+                touch_geometry.client_width - PIANO_LEFT_GAP - PIANO_RIGHT_GAP;
+            uint32_t key = 0;
+            if (position.x >= touch_geometry.client_width - PIANO_RIGHT_GAP) {
+                key = PIANO_KEY_COUNT - 1;
+            } else if (position.x >= PIANO_LEFT_GAP && piano_width > 0) {
+                key = static_cast<uint32_t>(
+                    (position.x - PIANO_LEFT_GAP) * PIANO_KEY_COUNT / piano_width);
+            }
+            state |= UINT32_C(1) << key;
+        }
+
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    // update native contacts and report whether this event should be hidden from the game
+    bool filter_native_touch(const nativetouch::NativeTouchEvent &event) {
+        // synthetic events are outside this hardware-only feature
+        if (!enabled() || event.synthetic) {
+            // false leaves the event visible to the game
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // snapshot routing before an up event can commit a pending mode switch
+        const bool piano_mode_before_update = current_mode() == Mode::Piano;
+
+        // update the contact lifetime and commit any pending switch when safe
+        const bool mode_button_contact = update_touch_state(event);
+
+        // hide every event in a contact that began on the mode switch button
+        if (mode_button_contact) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // piano mode consumes hardware events; nav mode forwards them to the game
+        return piano_mode_before_update;
+    }
+}

src/spice2x/games/nost/touch_mode.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
+
+namespace games::nost::touch_mode {
+
+    // nav mode forwards contacts to the game; piano mode converts them into piano keys
+    enum class Mode {
+        Nav,
+        Piano,
+    };
+
+    void enable();
+    void disable();
+    bool enabled();
+
+    Mode current_mode();
+
+    void publish_button_bounds(HWND window, const RECT &client_bounds);
+
+    uint32_t piano_key_state();
+
+    bool filter_native_touch(const nativetouch::NativeTouchEvent &event);
+}

src/spice2x/games/pc/pc.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "util/unity_player.h"
 #include "util/execexe.h"
 #include "acioemu/handle.h"
-#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
 #include "util/socd_cleaner.h"

src/spice2x/games/pcm/pcm.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "acio/icca/icca.h"
 #include "io.h"
-#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "util/detour.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 #include "util/libutils.h"

src/spice2x/games/popn/popn.cpp

@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@
 #include "launcher/launcher.h"
 #include "launcher/logger.h"
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "util/sysutils.h"
 #include "io.h"
 #include "util/deferlog.h"
-#include "misc/nativetouchhook.h"
-#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 
 namespace games::popn {
 
     bool SHOW_PIKA_MONITOR_WARNING = false;
-    bool NATIVE_TOUCH = false;
+    bool NATIVE_TOUCH = true;
     
 #if SPICE64 && !SPICE_XP
 
@@ -715,13 +715,16 @@ namespace games::popn {
         //       00000100 0000000B 00000001  (button 9)
         //       set third column to 0 and it will work with BIO2
         
-        if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-            if (NATIVE_TOUCH) {
-                nativetouchhook::hook(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
-            } else {
+        NATIVE_TOUCH = !wintouchemu::FORCE &&
+            nativetouch::hook(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        if (!NATIVE_TOUCH) {
             wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
+            if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED || GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
                 wintouchemu::INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH = true;
-                wintouchemu::hook_title_ends("", "Main Screen", avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                wintouchemu::hook_title_ends(
+                    "",
+                    "Main Screen",
+                    avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
             }
         }
 

src/spice2x/games/rb/touch.cpp

@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ bool games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
                          SWP_FRAMECHANGED | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOOWNERZORDER);
         }
 
+        // request automatic aspect ratio fixes
+        ::rawinput::touch::ASPECT_COMPENSATION_GAME = true;
+
         // create touch window
         touch_create_wnd(wnd);
 
@@ -94,9 +97,6 @@ bool games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
             ShowWindow(wnd, SW_SHOW);
         }
 
-        // request automatic aspect ratio fixes
-        ::rawinput::touch::ASPECT_COMPENSATION_GAME = true;
-
     } else {
 
         // fallback to dx hook

src/spice2x/games/sdvx/sdvx.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 #include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
 #include "hooks/devicehook.h"
 #include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#ifdef SPICE64
+#include "hooks/graphics/nvapi_impl.h"
+#endif
 #include "hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.h"
 #include "hooks/powrprof.h"
 #include "hooks/sleephook.h"
@@ -23,8 +26,8 @@
 #include "util/libutils.h"
 #include "util/sysutils.h"
 #include "misc/eamuse.h"
-#include "misc/nativetouchhook.h"
 #include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "touch/native/nativetouchhook.h"
 #include "bi2x_hook.h"
 #include "camera.h"
 #include "io.h"
@@ -46,7 +49,6 @@ namespace games::sdvx {
     const char *ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME = "XONAR SOUND CARD(64)";
 
     // settings
-    bool NATIVETOUCH = false;
     uint8_t DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS = 16;
     SdvxOverlayPosition OVERLAY_POS = SDVX_OVERLAY_BOTTOM;
     bool ENABLE_COM_PORT_SCAN_HOOK = false;
@@ -428,29 +430,42 @@ namespace games::sdvx {
         if (aio != nullptr) {
 
             // enable 9on12 for AMD
-            if (!libutils::try_library("nvapi64.dll")) {
+            const auto nvapi = libutils::try_library("nvapi64.dll");
+            if (nvapi == nullptr) {
                 log_info(
                     "sdvx",
                     "nvapi64.dll not found; for non-NVIDIA GPUs, requesting 9on12 to be enabled");
                 GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_REQUESTED_BY_GAME = true;
+            }
+
+            if (nvapi_hook::BYPASS_NVAPI || nvapi == nullptr) {
+                const uint32_t main_refresh_hz = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0 ?
+                    GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH : (is_valkyrie_model() ? 120 : 60);
+                const uint32_t sub_refresh_hz = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value_or(60);
+                if (!nvapi_impl::initialize(
+                        avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE,
+                        main_refresh_hz,
+                        sub_refresh_hz)) {
+                    log_warning("sdvx", "failed to initialize synthetic NVAPI");
+                }
             } else {
                 // don't let nvapi mess with display settings
                 nvapi_hook::initialize(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
             }
 
             if (is_valkyrie_model()) {
-                if (NATIVETOUCH) {
-                    nativetouchhook::hook(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
-                } else if (!NATIVETOUCH && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-                    // hook touch window
-                    // in windowed mode, game can accept mouse input on the second screen
+                const auto native_touch_ready = !wintouchemu::FORCE &&
+                    nativetouch::hook(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                if (!native_touch_ready) {
                     wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
+                    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
                         wintouchemu::INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH = true;
                         wintouchemu::hook_title_ends(
                             "SOUND VOLTEX",
                             "Main Screen",
                             avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
                     }
+                }
 
                 // insert BI2X hooks
                 bi2x_hook_init();

src/spice2x/games/sdvx/sdvx.h

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ namespace games::sdvx {
     };
 
     // settings
-    extern bool NATIVETOUCH;
     extern uint8_t DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS;
     extern std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER;
     extern SdvxOverlayPosition OVERLAY_POS;

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/audio.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <audioclient.h>
 #include <mmdeviceapi.h>
 
+#include "avs/game.h"
 #include "hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.h"
 #include "util/detour.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "audio_private.h"
 #include "acm.h"
 #include "asio_proxy.h"
+#include "xact.h"
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 DEFINE_GUID(CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator,
@@ -53,9 +55,39 @@ namespace hooks::audio {
     std::string ASIO_DRIVER_NAME = "";
     bool ASIO_FORCE_UNLOAD_ON_STOP = false;
 
-    // private globals
-    IAudioClient *CLIENT = nullptr;
     std::mutex INITIALIZE_LOCK; // for asio
+
+    IAudioClient *CLIENT = nullptr;
+    static std::mutex CLIENT_LOCK;
+    static bool CLIENT_STOPPING = false;
+
+    void set_active_client(IAudioClient *client, const char *source) {
+        IAudioClient *previous_client = nullptr;
+        {
+            std::lock_guard lock(CLIENT_LOCK);
+
+            if (CLIENT_STOPPING || CLIENT == client) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (client) {
+                client->AddRef();
+            }
+
+            previous_client = CLIENT;
+            CLIENT = client;
+        }
+
+        if (previous_client) {
+            previous_client->Release();
+        }
+
+        if (client) {
+            log_info(
+                "audio",
+                "active client selected by {} after successful initialization",
+                source);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 static HRESULT STDAPICALLTYPE CoCreateInstance_hook(
@@ -129,15 +161,24 @@ namespace hooks::audio {
 
         // general hooks
         CoCreateInstance_orig = detour::iat_try("CoCreateInstance", CoCreateInstance_hook);
+        if (avs::game::is_model("PAN")) {
+            hooks::audio::xact::init();
+        }
     }
 
     void stop() {
         log_info("audio", "stopping");
-        if (CLIENT) {
-            CLIENT->Stop();
-            CLIENT->Release();
+        IAudioClient *client = nullptr;
+        {
+            std::lock_guard lock(CLIENT_LOCK);
+            CLIENT_STOPPING = true;
+            client = CLIENT;
             CLIENT = nullptr;
         }
+        if (client) {
+            client->Stop();
+            client->Release();
+        }
         stop_low_latency();
 
         // release the ASIO drivers we kept pinned for the process lifetime now that we are

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/audio_private.h

@@ -14,4 +14,6 @@ namespace hooks::audio {
     extern std::mutex INITIALIZE_LOCK;
     extern bool VOLUME_HOOK_ENABLED;
     extern LowLatencyAudioClient *LOW_LATENCY_CLIENT;
+
+    void set_active_client(IAudioClient *client, const char *source);
 }

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.cpp

@@ -95,11 +95,6 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::Activate(
         }
         std::lock_guard initialize_guard(hooks::audio::INITIALIZE_LOCK, std::adopt_lock);
 
-        // release old audio client if initialized
-        if (hooks::audio::CLIENT) {
-            hooks::audio::CLIENT->Release();
-        }
-
         IAudioClient *client = nullptr;
         if (iid == IID_IAudioClient) {
             client = wrap_audio_client(reinterpret_cast<IAudioClient *>(*ppInterface));
@@ -107,9 +102,6 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::Activate(
             client = wrap_audio_client3(reinterpret_cast<IAudioClient3 *>(*ppInterface));
         }
         *ppInterface = client;
-        // persist the audio client
-        hooks::audio::CLIENT = client;
-        hooks::audio::CLIENT->AddRef();
 
     } else if (iid == __uuidof(IAudioEndpointVolume) && hooks::audio::VOLUME_HOOK_ENABLED) {
         *ppInterface = new WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume(reinterpret_cast<IAudioEndpointVolume *>(*ppInterface));

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/null_device.cpp

@@ -153,19 +153,9 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE NullMMDevice::Activate(
     log_info("audio::null", "NullMMDevice::Activate {}", guid2s(iid));
 
     if (iid == IID_IAudioClient) {
-
-        // release any previously persisted client
-        if (hooks::audio::CLIENT != nullptr) {
-            hooks::audio::CLIENT->Release();
-        }
-
         auto *client = static_cast<IAudioClient *>(new DummyIAudioClient(new NullDiscardBackend()));
         *ppInterface = client;
 
-        // persist the audio client
-        hooks::audio::CLIENT = client;
-        hooks::audio::CLIENT->AddRef();
-
         return S_OK;
     }
 

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/null_discard_backend.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
 
 #include "hooks/audio/util.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 
 NullDiscardBackend::~NullDiscardBackend() {
     this->running = false;
@@ -125,8 +125,6 @@ HRESULT NullDiscardBackend::on_release_buffer(uint32_t, DWORD) {
 void NullDiscardBackend::pace_loop() {
     using namespace std::chrono;
 
-    timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
-
     // audio is discarded, so timing precision and drift do not matter; just wake the
     // game once per buffer period to keep its render thread from blocking on the event.
     const auto period = duration_cast<steady_clock::duration>(
@@ -136,6 +134,6 @@ void NullDiscardBackend::pace_loop() {
         if (this->relay_handle) {
             SetEvent(this->relay_handle);
         }
-        timer.sleep(period);
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(period);
     }
 }

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.cpp

@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::Initialize(
                 device_format->nChannels * (device_format->wBitsPerSample / 8));
     }
 
+    hooks::audio::set_active_client(this, "WrappedIAudioClient::Initialize");
     return ret;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::GetBufferSize(UINT32 *pNumBufferFrames) {
@@ -651,5 +652,6 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::InitializeSharedAudioStream(
     log_info("audio::wasapi", "IAudioClient3::InitializeSharedAudioStream success, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
     copy_wave_format(&hooks::audio::FORMAT, pFormat);
     copy_wave_format(&this->device_format, pFormat);
+    hooks::audio::set_active_client(this, "WrappedIAudioClient::InitializeSharedAudioStream");
     return ret;
 }

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.cpp

@@ -75,13 +75,17 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::Initialize(
     log_info("audio::wasapi", "IAudioClient::Initialize hook hit");
     print_format(ShareMode, StreamFlags, hnsBufferDuration, hnsPeriodicity, pFormat);
 
-    CHECK_RESULT(this->backend->on_initialize(
+    HRESULT ret = this->backend->on_initialize(
         &ShareMode,
         &StreamFlags,
         &hnsBufferDuration,
         &hnsPeriodicity,
         pFormat,
-        AudioSessionGuid));
+        AudioSessionGuid);
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+        hooks::audio::set_active_client(this, "DummyIAudioClient::Initialize");
+    }
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::GetBufferSize(UINT32 *pNumBufferFrames) {
     static std::once_flag printed;

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/xact.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+#include "xact.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <mmreg.h>
+#include <objbase.h>
+
+#include "util/deferlog.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+namespace hooks::audio::xact {
+
+    // XAudio 2.7 is a COM API. Newer Windows SDKs expose a different IXAudio2
+    // layout, so keep this proxy pinned to the legacy ABI used by libxact.
+    struct XAudio2DeviceDetails {
+        WCHAR device_id[256];
+        WCHAR display_name[256];
+        DWORD role;
+        WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE output_format;
+    };
+
+    struct XAudio2EffectChain {
+        UINT32 effect_count;
+        const void *effect_descriptors;
+    };
+
+    struct IXAudio2_27 {
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **object) = 0;
+        virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() = 0;
+        virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceCount(UINT32 *device_count) = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceDetails(
+            UINT32 device_index,
+            XAudio2DeviceDetails *device_details) = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Initialize(UINT32 flags, UINT32 processor) = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE RegisterForCallbacks(void *callback) = 0;
+        virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE UnregisterForCallbacks(void *callback) = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateSourceVoice(
+            void **source_voice,
+            const WAVEFORMATEX *source_format,
+            UINT32 flags,
+            float max_frequency_ratio,
+            void *callback,
+            const void *send_list,
+            const XAudio2EffectChain *effect_chain) = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateSubmixVoice(
+            void **submix_voice,
+            UINT32 input_channels,
+            UINT32 input_sample_rate,
+            UINT32 flags,
+            UINT32 processing_stage,
+            const void *send_list,
+            const XAudio2EffectChain *effect_chain) = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateMasteringVoice(
+            void **mastering_voice,
+            UINT32 input_channels,
+            UINT32 input_sample_rate,
+            UINT32 flags,
+            UINT32 device_index,
+            const XAudio2EffectChain *effect_chain) = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE StartEngine() = 0;
+        virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE StopEngine() = 0;
+        virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CommitChanges(UINT32 operation_set) = 0;
+        virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPerformanceData(void *performance_data) = 0;
+        virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetDebugConfiguration(
+            const void *debug_configuration,
+            void *reserved) = 0;
+    };
+
+    // XAudio2 2.7 COM class and interface.
+    DEFINE_GUID(CLSID_XAudio2_7_LEGACY,
+        0x5a508685, 0xa254, 0x4fba,
+        0x9b, 0x82, 0x9a, 0x24, 0xb0, 0x03, 0x06, 0xaf);
+    DEFINE_GUID(IID_IXAudio2_7_LEGACY,
+        0x8bcf1f58, 0x9fe7, 0x4583,
+        0x8a, 0xc6, 0xe2, 0xad, 0xc4, 0x65, 0xc8, 0xbb);
+
+    static decltype(CoCreateInstance) *CoCreateInstance_orig = nullptr;
+
+    using CreateFX_t = HRESULT (WINAPI *)(REFCLSID, IUnknown **, const void *, UINT32);
+    static CreateFX_t CreateFX_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static std::string describe_wave_format(const WAVEFORMATEX *format) {
+        if (format == nullptr) {
+            return "null";
+        }
+
+        DWORD channel_mask = 0;
+        if (format->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE &&
+            format->cbSize >= sizeof(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE) - sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX)) {
+            channel_mask = reinterpret_cast<const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *>(format)->dwChannelMask;
+        }
+
+        return fmt::format(
+            "tag=0x{:04x}, channels={}, rate={} Hz, bits={}, valid_block={} B, avg={} B/s, mask=0x{:08x}",
+            format->wFormatTag,
+            format->nChannels,
+            format->nSamplesPerSec,
+            format->wBitsPerSample,
+            format->nBlockAlign,
+            format->nAvgBytesPerSec,
+            channel_mask);
+    }
+
+    template <size_t Size>
+    static std::string narrow_fixed(const WCHAR (&value)[Size]) {
+        size_t length = 0;
+        while (length < Size && value[length] != L'\0') {
+            length++;
+        }
+        return ws2s(std::wstring(value, length));
+    }
+
+    class WrappedXAudio2 final : public IXAudio2_27 {
+    public:
+        explicit WrappedXAudio2(IXAudio2_27 *real) : real(real) {
+            log_info("audio::xaudio2", "wrapping IXAudio2 2.7 engine {}", static_cast<void *>(real));
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **object) override {
+            if (object == nullptr) {
+                return E_POINTER;
+            }
+            if (IsEqualIID(riid, IID_IUnknown) || IsEqualIID(riid, IID_IXAudio2_7_LEGACY)) {
+                *object = this;
+                AddRef();
+                log_info("audio::xaudio2", "IXAudio2::QueryInterface({}) -> proxy", guid2s(riid));
+                return S_OK;
+            }
+
+            const auto result = real->QueryInterface(riid, object);
+            log_info(
+                "audio::xaudio2",
+                "IXAudio2::QueryInterface({}) -> {}, object={}",
+                guid2s(riid),
+                FMT_HRESULT(result),
+                object != nullptr ? *object : nullptr);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override {
+            return ++ref_count;
+        }
+
+        ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override {
+            const auto remaining = --ref_count;
+            if (remaining == 0) {
+                log_info("audio::xaudio2", "destroying IXAudio2 2.7 proxy");
+                real->Release();
+                delete this;
+            }
+            return remaining;
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceCount(UINT32 *device_count) override {
+            const auto result = real->GetDeviceCount(device_count);
+            log_info(
+                "audio::xaudio2",
+                "IXAudio2::GetDeviceCount -> {}, count={}",
+                FMT_HRESULT(result),
+                SUCCEEDED(result) && device_count != nullptr ? *device_count : 0);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceDetails(
+            UINT32 device_index,
+            XAudio2DeviceDetails *device_details) override {
+            const auto result = real->GetDeviceDetails(device_index, device_details);
+            if (SUCCEEDED(result) && device_details != nullptr) {
+                const auto device_name = narrow_fixed(device_details->display_name);
+                if (!device_details_logged.exchange(true, std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+                    log_info(
+                        "audio::xaudio2",
+                        "IXAudio2::GetDeviceDetails({}) -> {}, id='{}', name='{}', role=0x{:08x}, {}",
+                        device_index,
+                        FMT_HRESULT(result),
+                        narrow_fixed(device_details->device_id),
+                        device_name,
+                        device_details->role,
+                        describe_wave_format(&device_details->output_format.Format));
+                }
+                const auto channels = device_details->output_format.Format.nChannels;
+                if (channels != 2 && channels != 6 &&
+                    !channel_warning_logged.exchange(true, std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+                    log_warning(
+                        "audio::xaudio2",
+                        "output device '{}' has {} channels; Nostalgia requires stereo or 5.1 output",
+                        device_name,
+                        channels);
+                    deferredlogs::defer_error_messages({
+                        "unsupported audio output channel count detected!",
+                        fmt::format("    device: {}", device_name),
+                        fmt::format("    detected {} channels; Nostalgia requires 2 (stereo) or 6 (5.1)", channels),
+                        "      * configure the default Windows playback device for stereo or 5.1 output",
+                        "      * disable 7.1 surround sound or spatial audio for this device",
+                    });
+                }
+            } else {
+                log_warning(
+                    "audio::xaudio2",
+                    "IXAudio2::GetDeviceDetails({}) -> {}",
+                    device_index,
+                    FMT_HRESULT(result));
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Initialize(UINT32 flags, UINT32 processor) override {
+            const auto result = real->Initialize(flags, processor);
+            log_info(
+                "audio::xaudio2",
+                "IXAudio2::Initialize(flags=0x{:08x}, processor=0x{:08x}) -> {}",
+                flags,
+                processor,
+                FMT_HRESULT(result));
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE RegisterForCallbacks(void *callback) override {
+            const auto result = real->RegisterForCallbacks(callback);
+            log_info(
+                "audio::xaudio2",
+                "IXAudio2::RegisterForCallbacks({}) -> {}",
+                callback,
+                FMT_HRESULT(result));
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        void STDMETHODCALLTYPE UnregisterForCallbacks(void *callback) override {
+            log_info("audio::xaudio2", "IXAudio2::UnregisterForCallbacks({})", callback);
+            real->UnregisterForCallbacks(callback);
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateSourceVoice(
+            void **source_voice,
+            const WAVEFORMATEX *source_format,
+            UINT32 flags,
+            float max_frequency_ratio,
+            void *callback,
+            const void *send_list,
+            const XAudio2EffectChain *effect_chain) override {
+            return real->CreateSourceVoice(
+                source_voice,
+                source_format,
+                flags,
+                max_frequency_ratio,
+                callback,
+                send_list,
+                effect_chain);
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateSubmixVoice(
+            void **submix_voice,
+            UINT32 input_channels,
+            UINT32 input_sample_rate,
+            UINT32 flags,
+            UINT32 processing_stage,
+            const void *send_list,
+            const XAudio2EffectChain *effect_chain) override {
+            return real->CreateSubmixVoice(
+                submix_voice,
+                input_channels,
+                input_sample_rate,
+                flags,
+                processing_stage,
+                send_list,
+                effect_chain);
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateMasteringVoice(
+            void **mastering_voice,
+            UINT32 input_channels,
+            UINT32 input_sample_rate,
+            UINT32 flags,
+            UINT32 device_index,
+            const XAudio2EffectChain *effect_chain) override {
+            const auto result = real->CreateMasteringVoice(
+                mastering_voice,
+                input_channels,
+                input_sample_rate,
+                flags,
+                device_index,
+                effect_chain);
+            log_info(
+                "audio::xaudio2",
+                "IXAudio2::CreateMasteringVoice(channels={}, rate={} Hz, flags=0x{:08x}, device={}, effects={}) -> {}, voice={}",
+                input_channels,
+                input_sample_rate,
+                flags,
+                device_index,
+                effect_chain != nullptr ? effect_chain->effect_count : 0,
+                FMT_HRESULT(result),
+                mastering_voice != nullptr ? *mastering_voice : nullptr);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE StartEngine() override {
+            const auto result = real->StartEngine();
+            log_info("audio::xaudio2", "IXAudio2::StartEngine -> {}", FMT_HRESULT(result));
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        void STDMETHODCALLTYPE StopEngine() override {
+            log_info("audio::xaudio2", "IXAudio2::StopEngine");
+            real->StopEngine();
+        }
+
+        HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CommitChanges(UINT32 operation_set) override {
+            return real->CommitChanges(operation_set);
+        }
+
+        void STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPerformanceData(void *performance_data) override {
+            real->GetPerformanceData(performance_data);
+        }
+
+        void STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetDebugConfiguration(
+            const void *debug_configuration,
+            void *reserved) override {
+            log_info("audio::xaudio2", "IXAudio2::SetDebugConfiguration({})", debug_configuration);
+            real->SetDebugConfiguration(debug_configuration, reserved);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::atomic<ULONG> ref_count = 1;
+        std::atomic_bool device_details_logged = false;
+        std::atomic_bool channel_warning_logged = false;
+        IXAudio2_27 *real;
+    };
+
+    static HRESULT STDAPICALLTYPE CoCreateInstance_hook(
+        REFCLSID clsid,
+        LPUNKNOWN outer,
+        DWORD class_context,
+        REFIID iid,
+        LPVOID *object) {
+        const auto result = CoCreateInstance_orig(clsid, outer, class_context, iid, object);
+        log_info(
+            "audio::xact",
+            "CoCreateInstance(clsid={}, iid={}, context=0x{:08x}) -> {}, object={}",
+            guid2s(clsid),
+            guid2s(iid),
+            class_context,
+            FMT_HRESULT(result),
+            object != nullptr ? *object : nullptr);
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(result) && object != nullptr && *object != nullptr &&
+            IsEqualCLSID(clsid, CLSID_XAudio2_7_LEGACY) &&
+            IsEqualIID(iid, IID_IXAudio2_7_LEGACY)) {
+            *object = static_cast<IXAudio2_27 *>(
+                new WrappedXAudio2(static_cast<IXAudio2_27 *>(*object)));
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static HRESULT WINAPI CreateFX_hook(
+        REFCLSID clsid,
+        IUnknown **effect,
+        const void *init_data,
+        UINT32 init_data_size) {
+        const auto result = CreateFX_orig(clsid, effect, init_data, init_data_size);
+        log_info(
+            "audio::xapofx",
+            "CreateFX(clsid={}, init_data={}, size={}) -> {}, effect={}",
+            guid2s(clsid),
+            init_data,
+            init_data_size,
+            FMT_HRESULT(result),
+            effect != nullptr ? static_cast<void *>(*effect) : nullptr);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void init() {
+        const auto libxact = GetModuleHandleW(L"libxact.dll");
+        if (libxact == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        CoCreateInstance_orig = detour::iat_try(
+            "CoCreateInstance", CoCreateInstance_hook, libxact);
+        CreateFX_orig = detour::iat_try("CreateFX", CreateFX_hook, libxact);
+
+        log_info(
+            "audio::xact",
+            "libxact hooks installed: CoCreateInstance={}, CreateFX={}",
+            CoCreateInstance_orig != nullptr,
+            CreateFX_orig != nullptr);
+    }
+}

src/spice2x/hooks/audio/xact.h

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace hooks::audio::xact {
+    void init();
+}

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.cpp

@@ -113,7 +113,10 @@ static Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_t Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_orig = nullptr;
 static bool ATTEMPTED_SUB_SWAP_CHAIN_ACQUIRE = false;
 static IDirect3DSwapChain9 *SUB_SWAP_CHAIN = nullptr;
 
-static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params);
+static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params,
+        UINT gfdm_small_swapchain);
 
 static std::string behavior2s(DWORD behavior_flags) {
     FLAGS_START(behavior_flags);
@@ -409,7 +412,8 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::QueryInterface(
         return E_POINTER;
     }
 
-    if (riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3D9 ||
+    if ((riid == IID_IUnknown && gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) ||
+        riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3D9 ||
         riid == IID_IDirect3D9 ||
         riid == IID_IDirect3D9Ex)
     {
@@ -467,6 +471,18 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::RegisterSoftwareDevice(void *pIniti
 UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterCount() {
     UINT result = pReal->GetAdapterCount();
 
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        if (result == 2) {
+            FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER = true;
+            return GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+        }
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode requires two native adapters; found {}",
+                result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     if (!FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER) {
         if (games::popn::is_pikapika_model() && result == 1) {
             FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER = true;
@@ -493,7 +509,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterIdentifier(
         D3DADAPTER_IDENTIFIER9 *pIdentifier)
 {
 
-    if (FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && Adapter > 0 && pIdentifier) {
+    if (is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter) && pIdentifier) {
         *pIdentifier = {};
         const std::string adapter_name = fmt::format("\\\\.\\DISPLAY_SPICE_FAKE_{}", Adapter);
         strcpy(pIdentifier->DeviceName, adapter_name.c_str()); 
@@ -509,7 +525,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterIdentifier(
 }
 
 UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterModeCount(UINT Adapter, D3DFORMAT Format) {
-    if (FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && Adapter > 0) {
+    if (is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
         log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "GetAdapterModeCount called for fake subscreen adapter {}", Adapter);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -523,13 +539,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::EnumAdapterModes(
         UINT Mode,
         D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode)
 {
-    if (FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && Adapter > 0) {
+    if (is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
         log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "EnumAdapterModes called for fake subscreen adapter {}", Adapter);
         if (Mode == 0 && pMode) {
-            pMode->Width = 1280;
-            pMode->Height = 800;
-            pMode->RefreshRate = 60;
-            pMode->Format = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
+            get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(Adapter, pMode);
             return S_OK;
         } else {
             return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
@@ -611,6 +624,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::EnumAdapterModes(
 }
 
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterDisplayMode(UINT Adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (pMode == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(Adapter, pMode);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetAdapterDisplayMode(Adapter, pMode));
 }
 
@@ -621,6 +642,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceType(
         D3DFORMAT BackBufferFormat,
         BOOL bWindowed)
 {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(iAdapter)) {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceType(iAdapter, DevType, DisplayFormat, BackBufferFormat, bWindowed));
 }
 
@@ -632,7 +657,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceFormat(
         D3DRESOURCETYPE RType,
         D3DFORMAT CheckFormat)
 {
-    if (FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && Adapter > 0) {
+    if (is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
         log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "CheckDeviceFormat called for fake subscreen adapter {}", Adapter);
         return D3D_OK;
     }
@@ -648,6 +673,13 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceMultiSampleType(
         D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSampleType,
         DWORD *pQualityLevels)
 {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (pQualityLevels != nullptr) {
+            *pQualityLevels = 1;
+        }
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceMultiSampleType(
             Adapter,
             DeviceType,
@@ -664,6 +696,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDepthStencilMatch(
         D3DFORMAT RenderTargetFormat,
         D3DFORMAT DepthStencilFormat)
 {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDepthStencilMatch(
             Adapter,
             DeviceType,
@@ -678,6 +714,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceFormatConversion(
         D3DFORMAT SourceFormat,
         D3DFORMAT TargetFormat)
 {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceFormatConversion(Adapter, DeviceType, SourceFormat, TargetFormat));
 }
 
@@ -689,6 +729,20 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetDeviceCaps(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVT
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
     }
 
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && Adapter < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT) {
+        HRESULT ret = this->pReal->GetDeviceCaps(
+                Adapter >= 2 ? 0 : Adapter,
+                DeviceType,
+                pCaps);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+            pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup =
+                    Adapter == 0 ? GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT : 0;
+            pCaps->MasterAdapterOrdinal = 0;
+            pCaps->AdapterOrdinalInGroup = Adapter;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
     // SDVX uses `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup` to allocate a vector and the Microsoft documentation states:
     // "The value will be 0 for a subordinate adapter of a multihead card. Each card can have at most one
     // master, but may have many subordinates." Therefore, this must point to the master adapter.
@@ -741,6 +795,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetDeviceCaps(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVT
 }
 
 HMONITOR STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterMonitor(UINT Adapter) {
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        return pReal->GetAdapterMonitor(0);
+    }
+
     return pReal->GetAdapterMonitor(Adapter);
 }
 
@@ -861,7 +919,8 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDevice(
             "either use -graphics-force-refresh option or change the desktop resolution beforehand.");
     }
 
-    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && num_adapters >= 2 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && num_adapters >= 2
+            && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
         log_info("graphics::d3d9", "force sub refresh rate: {} => {} Hz (-graphics-force-refresh-sub option)",
                 pPresentationParameters[1].FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
                 GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value());
@@ -902,7 +961,9 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDevice(
     } else if (!D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE) {
         graphics_hook_window(hFocusWindow, pPresentationParameters);
 
-        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(hFocusWindow, *ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
+        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(
+                hFocusWindow,
+                *ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
     }
 
     // return result
@@ -916,6 +977,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDevice(
 UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterModeCountEx(UINT Adapter, const D3DDISPLAYMODEFILTER *pFilter) {
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
 
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
     return static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterModeCountEx(Adapter, pFilter);
 }
 
@@ -926,6 +991,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::EnumAdapterModesEx(
         D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode)
 {
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (Mode != 0 || pMode == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        get_fake_subscreen_display_mode_ex(Adapter, pMode);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->EnumAdapterModesEx(Adapter, pFilter, Mode, pMode));
 }
 
@@ -935,6 +1008,17 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(
         D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation)
 {
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (pMode == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        get_fake_subscreen_display_mode_ex(Adapter, pMode);
+        if (pRotation != nullptr) {
+            *pRotation = D3DDISPLAYROTATION_IDENTITY;
+        }
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(Adapter, pMode, pRotation));
 }
 
@@ -963,6 +1047,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
 
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
     }
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION_SUB.has_value()) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "-forceressub is unavailable; SMALL must remain {}x{}",
+                GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH,
+                GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
 
     DWORD orig_behavior_flags = BehaviorFlags;
     size_t num_adapters = 1;
@@ -989,6 +1081,9 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
         if (SUCCEEDED(this->pReal->GetDeviceCaps(Adapter, DeviceType, &device_caps))) {
             num_adapters = device_caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup;
         }
+        if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+            num_adapters = GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+        }
     }
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < num_adapters; i++) {
@@ -1105,7 +1200,8 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
         }
     }
 
-    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && num_adapters >= 2 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && num_adapters >= 2 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
         log_info("graphics::d3d9", "force sub refresh rate: {} => {} Hz (-graphics-force-refresh-sub option)",
                 pPresentationParameters[1].FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
                 GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value());
@@ -1131,16 +1227,93 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
         pPresentationParameters->BackBufferCount = GRAPHICS_FORCE_VSYNC_BUFFER.value();
     }
 
+    GfdmTwoHeadDeviceState gfdm_parameters(
+            pPresentationParameters,
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode);
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        if (!(BehaviorFlags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE)) {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "CreateDeviceEx did not request an adapter-group device");
+            return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+        }
+        HRESULT select = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_select_two_head_group_parameters(
+                pPresentationParameters,
+                pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes.data(),
+                &gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain,
+                "CreateDeviceEx");
+        if (FAILED(select)) {
+            return select;
+        }
+        if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
+            gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1]
+                    .FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz =
+                    GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value();
+            if (pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr) {
+                gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes[1].RefreshRate =
+                        GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value();
+            }
+        }
+        HRESULT remap = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_remap_two_head_group_parameters(
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr
+                        ? gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes.data()
+                        : nullptr,
+                "CreateDeviceEx");
+        if (FAILED(remap)) {
+            return remap;
+        }
+        if (pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr) {
+            graphics_d3d9_gfdm_align_two_head_refresh_to_desktop(
+                    static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(this->pReal),
+                    Adapter,
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes.data(),
+                    "CreateDeviceEx");
+        }
+        if (!graphics_gitadora_prepare_two_head_device_window(
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow,
+                    this->pReal->GetAdapterMonitor(Adapter + 1),
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].BackBufferWidth,
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].BackBufferHeight))
+        {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        HRESULT validation = validate_gfdm_two_head_exclusive(
+                this->pReal,
+                Adapter,
+                DeviceType,
+                BehaviorFlags,
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data());
+        if (FAILED(validation)) {
+            return validation;
+        }
+        gfdm_parameters.use_native_parameters();
+    }
+
     // call original
     HRESULT result = static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(this->pReal)->CreateDeviceEx(
             Adapter,
             DeviceType,
             hFocusWindow,
             BehaviorFlags,
-            pPresentationParameters,
-            pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+            gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters,
+            gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes,
             ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
 
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result) && gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        pPresentationParameters[0] = gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[0];
+        pPresentationParameters[gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain] =
+                gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[1];
+        if (pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr) {
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode[0] = gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[0];
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode[gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain] =
+                    gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[1];
+        }
+    }
+
     // check for error
     if (result != D3D_OK) {
 
@@ -1151,17 +1324,28 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
     } else if (!D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE) {
         graphics_hook_window(hFocusWindow, pPresentationParameters);
 
-        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(hFocusWindow, *ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
+        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(
+                hFocusWindow,
+                *ppReturnedDeviceInterface,
+                gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain,
+                gfdm_two_head_exclusive() ? static_cast<IDirect3D9 *>(this) : nullptr,
+                gfdm_two_head_exclusive() ? pPresentationParameters : nullptr);
 
         // initialize sub screen if the game requested a multi-head context
         if (avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC", "M39", "M32"}) &&
             (orig_behavior_flags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE)) {
 
-            UINT i = 1;
-            if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
-                i = 2;
-            }
-            graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(*ppReturnedDeviceInterface, &pPresentationParameters[i]);
+            UINT i = games::gitadora::is_arena_model()
+                    ? gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain
+                    : 1;
+            D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *subscreen_parameters =
+                    gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+                    ? &gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[1]
+                    : &pPresentationParameters[i];
+            graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(
+                    *ppReturnedDeviceInterface,
+                    subscreen_parameters,
+                    i);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1170,6 +1354,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
 
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterLUID(UINT Adapter, LUID *pLUID) {
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && is_fake_subscreen_adapter(Adapter)) {
+        if (pLUID == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        pLUID->LowPart = static_cast<DWORD>(-static_cast<LONG>(Adapter));
+        pLUID->HighPart = -static_cast<LONG>(Adapter);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
     CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterLUID(Adapter, pLUID));
 }
 
@@ -1178,7 +1370,11 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterLUID(UINT Adapter, LUID *
 // The sub screen swap chain should be created if:
 // - Running windowed with `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup >= 2` (game expects implicit swap chain to exist)
 // - Running fullscreen with `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup < 2` (overridden `GetDeviceCaps` structure)
-static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params) {
+static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params,
+        UINT gfdm_small_swapchain)
+{
     D3DCAPS9 caps {};
     HRESULT hr = device->GetDeviceCaps(&caps);
     if (FAILED(hr)) {
@@ -1212,10 +1408,9 @@ static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device, D3DPRE
         }
     } else {
 
-        int swapchain = 1;
-        if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
-            swapchain = 2;
-        }
+        const int swapchain = games::gitadora::is_arena_model()
+                ? static_cast<int>(gfdm_small_swapchain)
+                : 1;
 
         hr = device->GetSwapChain(swapchain, &SUB_SWAP_CHAIN);
         if (FAILED(hr)) {

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.h

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 #include <d3d9.h>
 
+#include "d3d9_gfdm.h"
+
 // {EEE9CCF6-53D6-4326-9AE5-60921B3DB394}
 static const GUID IID_WrappedIDirect3D9 = {
     0xeee9ccf6, 0x53d6, 0x4326, { 0x9a, 0xe5, 0x60, 0x92, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0xb3, 0x94 }

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
 constexpr bool CUSTOM_RESET = false;
 
 constexpr D3DFORMAT D3DFMT_DF24 = static_cast<D3DFORMAT>(MAKEFOURCC('D', 'F', '2', '4'));
-
 auto format_as(D3DPOOL f) {
     return fmt::underlying(f);
 }
@@ -85,7 +84,8 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::QueryInterface(
         return E_POINTER;
     }
 
-    if (riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 ||
+    if ((riid == IID_IUnknown && is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) ||
+        riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 ||
         riid == IID_IDirect3DDevice9 ||
         riid == IID_IDirect3DDevice9Ex)
     {
@@ -202,6 +202,15 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDirect3D(
         IDirect3D9 **ppD3D9)
 {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && gfdm_parent_d3d != nullptr) {
+        if (ppD3D9 == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        gfdm_parent_d3d->AddRef();
+        *ppD3D9 = gfdm_parent_d3d;
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDirect3D(ppD3D9));
 }
 
@@ -209,7 +218,13 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDeviceCaps(
         D3DCAPS9 *pCaps)
 {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
-    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDeviceCaps(pCaps));
+    HRESULT result = pReal->GetDeviceCaps(pCaps);
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result) && is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && pCaps != nullptr) {
+        pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup = GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+        pCaps->MasterAdapterOrdinal = 0;
+        pCaps->AdapterOrdinalInGroup = 0;
+    }
+    CHECK_RESULT(result);
 }
 
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDisplayMode(
@@ -217,6 +232,17 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDisplayMode(
         D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode)
 {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)->GetDisplayMode(pMode);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDisplayMode(GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN, pMode));
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDisplayMode(iSwapChain, pMode));
 }
 
@@ -258,6 +284,51 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateAdditionalSwapChain(
 {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
 
+    if (pPresentationParameters == nullptr || ppSwapChain == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        if (pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth == 800) {
+            return GetSwapChain(gfdm_logical_small_swapchain, ppSwapChain);
+        }
+        if (pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth != 1080) {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: rejecting unexpected additional swap chain {}x{}",
+                    pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth,
+                    pPresentationParameters->BackBufferHeight);
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+
+        size_t index = 3;
+        for (UINT logical_swapchain = 1;
+                logical_swapchain < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+                logical_swapchain++)
+        {
+            if (!is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(logical_swapchain)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const size_t candidate =
+                    gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(logical_swapchain);
+            if (fake_sub_swapchain[candidate] == nullptr) {
+                index = candidate;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (index == 3) {
+            return D3DERR_OUTOFVIDEOMEMORY;
+        }
+        fake_sub_swapchain[index] = new FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+                this,
+                pPresentationParameters,
+                is_d3d9ex,
+                true);
+        fake_sub_swapchain[index]->AddRef();
+        *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(fake_sub_swapchain[index]);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
     int index = 0;
     bool create_swap_chain = false;
     bool create_fake_swap_chain = false;
@@ -271,6 +342,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateAdditionalSwapChain(
             // SMALL (subscreen)
             create_swap_chain = true;
             index = 0;
+
         } else if (pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth == 1080) {
             // LEFT/RIGHT
             create_swap_chain = true;
@@ -335,6 +407,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
 {
     WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("GetSwapChain({})", iSwapChain);
 
+    if (ppSwapChain == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
     if (iSwapChain == 0) {
         if (!main_swapchain) {
             HRESULT ret = pReal->GetSwapChain(iSwapChain, ppSwapChain);
@@ -344,7 +420,12 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
                 return ret;
             }
 
-            main_swapchain = new WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(this, *ppSwapChain);
+            main_swapchain = new WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+                    this,
+                    *ppSwapChain,
+                    is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+                            ? WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::NativeGroupHead::Main
+                            : WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::NativeGroupHead::Unknown);
         }
 
         main_swapchain->AddRef();
@@ -354,6 +435,39 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
         return D3D_OK;
     }
 
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        if (is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain)) {
+            if (!sub_swapchain[0]) {
+                IDirect3DSwapChain9 *real_swapchain = nullptr;
+                HRESULT ret = pReal->GetSwapChain(
+                        GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                        &real_swapchain);
+                if (FAILED(ret)) {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                sub_swapchain[0] = new WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+                        this,
+                        real_swapchain,
+                        WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::NativeGroupHead::Small);
+                sub_swapchain[0]->should_run_hooks = false;
+            }
+
+            sub_swapchain[0]->AddRef();
+            *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(sub_swapchain[0]);
+            graphics_screens_register(iSwapChain);
+            return D3D_OK;
+        }
+        if (is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)) {
+            FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *swapchain =
+                    ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain);
+            swapchain->AddRef();
+            *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(swapchain);
+            graphics_screens_register(iSwapChain);
+            return D3D_OK;
+        }
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
     bool swap = false;
     if (iSwapChain == 1 && avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC", "M39"})) {
         swap = true;
@@ -390,6 +504,10 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
 UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetNumberOfSwapChains() {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
 
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        return GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+    }
+
     UINT n = pReal->GetNumberOfSwapChains();
 
     if (sub_swapchain[0] && avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC", "M39"})) {
@@ -453,6 +571,24 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetBackBuffer(
         IDirect3DSurface9 **ppBackBuffer)
 {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)->GetBackBuffer(
+                iBackBuffer,
+                Type,
+                ppBackBuffer);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetBackBuffer(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                iBackBuffer,
+                Type,
+                ppBackBuffer));
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetBackBuffer(iSwapChain, iBackBuffer, Type, ppBackBuffer));
 }
 
@@ -461,6 +597,20 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetRasterStatus(
         D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus)
 {
     WRAP_DEBUG;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)->GetRasterStatus(
+                pRasterStatus);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetRasterStatus(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                pRasterStatus));
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetRasterStatus(iSwapChain, pRasterStatus));
 }
 
@@ -477,6 +627,18 @@ void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetGammaRamp(
         const D3DGAMMARAMP *pRamp)
 {
     WRAP_DEBUG;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        pReal->SetGammaRamp(GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN, Flags, pRamp);
+        return;
+    }
+
     pReal->SetGammaRamp(iSwapChain, Flags, pRamp);
 }
 
@@ -485,6 +647,21 @@ void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetGammaRamp(
         D3DGAMMARAMP *pRamp)
 {
     WRAP_DEBUG;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        if (pRamp != nullptr) {
+            *pRamp = {};
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        pReal->GetGammaRamp(GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN, pRamp);
+        return;
+    }
+
     pReal->GetGammaRamp(iSwapChain, pRamp);
 }
 
@@ -685,6 +862,19 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetFrontBufferData(
         IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface)
 {
     WRAP_DEBUG;
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFrontBufferData(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                pDestSurface));
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFrontBufferData(iSwapChain, pDestSurface));
 }
 
@@ -1049,7 +1239,36 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetViewport(
         D3DVIEWPORT9 *pViewport)
 {
     WRAP_DEBUG;
-    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetViewport(pViewport));
+    const auto result = pReal->GetViewport(pViewport);
+
+    // SDVX landscape mode
+    // without this, the game calculates the camera angle incorrectly and
+    // ends up with zoomed out view of the lanes
+    const auto landscape_width = GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION.has_value() ?
+        GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION.value().first : GRAPHICS_FS_ORIGINAL_HEIGHT;
+    const auto landscape_height = GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION.has_value() ?
+        GRAPHICS_FS_CUSTOM_RESOLUTION.value().second : GRAPHICS_FS_ORIGINAL_WIDTH;
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result) &&
+        GRAPHICS_FS_ORIENTATION_SWAP &&
+        avs::game::is_model("KFC") &&
+        pViewport != nullptr &&
+        pViewport->Width == landscape_width &&
+        pViewport->Height == landscape_height) {
+
+        static std::once_flag log_once;
+        std::call_once(log_once, [pViewport]() {
+            log_info(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "SDVX landscape viewport fix: {}x{} => {}x{}",
+                pViewport->Width,
+                pViewport->Height,
+                pViewport->Height,
+                pViewport->Width);
+        });
+        std::swap(pViewport->Width, pViewport->Height);
+    }
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetMaterial(
@@ -1779,6 +1998,18 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::WaitForVBlank(
     WRAP_DEBUG;
 
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->WaitForVBlank(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN));
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->WaitForVBlank(iSwapChain));
 }
 
@@ -1882,6 +2113,14 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ResetEx(
 
     log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ResetEx");
 
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        gfdm_disarm_present_mode_recovery();
+        if (pPresentationParameters == nullptr) {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        release_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchains();
+    }
+
     if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
         if (pPresentationParameters) {
             pPresentationParameters->Windowed = true;
@@ -1898,13 +2137,115 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ResetEx(
         }
     }
 
+    GfdmTwoHeadDeviceState gfdm_parameters(
+            pPresentationParameters,
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+            gfdm_logical_small_swapchain);
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        HRESULT result = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_select_two_head_group_parameters(
+                pPresentationParameters,
+                pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr
+                        ? gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes.data()
+                        : nullptr,
+                &gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain,
+                "ResetEx");
+        if (FAILED(result)) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(pPresentationParameters);
+        gfdm_parameters.use_native_parameters();
+        if (gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[0].Windowed
+                || gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].Windowed)
+        {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value()) {
+            gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1]
+                    .FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz =
+                    GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value();
+            if (gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr) {
+                gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[1].RefreshRate =
+                        GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.value();
+            }
+        }
+        result = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_remap_two_head_group_parameters(
+                gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes,
+                "ResetEx");
+        if (FAILED(result)) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        if (!graphics_gitadora_prepare_two_head_device_window(
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow,
+                    nullptr,
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].BackBufferWidth,
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters[1].BackBufferHeight))
+        {
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        if (gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr) {
+            IDirect3D9 *raw_d3d = nullptr;
+            IDirect3D9Ex *raw_d3d_ex = nullptr;
+            D3DDEVICE_CREATION_PARAMETERS creation {};
+            HRESULT raw_result = pReal->GetDirect3D(&raw_d3d);
+            if (SUCCEEDED(raw_result) && raw_d3d != nullptr) {
+                raw_result = raw_d3d->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&raw_d3d_ex));
+            }
+            if (SUCCEEDED(raw_result)) {
+                raw_result = pReal->GetCreationParameters(&creation);
+            }
+            if (SUCCEEDED(raw_result) && raw_d3d_ex != nullptr) {
+                graphics_d3d9_gfdm_align_two_head_refresh_to_desktop(
+                        raw_d3d_ex,
+                        creation.AdapterOrdinal,
+                        gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters.data(),
+                        gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes,
+                        "ResetEx");
+            }
+            if (raw_d3d_ex != nullptr) {
+                raw_d3d_ex->Release();
+            }
+            if (raw_d3d != nullptr) {
+                raw_d3d->Release();
+            }
+            gfdm_parameters.recovery_parameters =
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_presentation_parameters;
+            gfdm_parameters.recovery_modes =
+                    gfdm_parameters.native_fullscreen_display_modes;
+            gfdm_parameters.recovery_candidate = true;
+        }
+    }
+
     // reset overlay
     if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(pReal)) {
         overlay::OVERLAY->reset_invalidate();
     }
 
     HRESULT res = static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->ResetEx(
-            pPresentationParameters, pFullscreenDisplayMode);
+            gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters,
+            gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes);
+
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && SUCCEEDED(res)
+            && gfdm_parameters.recovery_candidate)
+    {
+        gfdm_arm_present_mode_recovery(
+                gfdm_parameters.recovery_parameters.data(),
+                gfdm_parameters.recovery_modes.data());
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() && SUCCEEDED(res)) {
+        gfdm_logical_small_swapchain = gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain;
+        pPresentationParameters[0] = gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[0];
+        pPresentationParameters[gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain] =
+                gfdm_parameters.presentation_parameters[1];
+        if (pFullscreenDisplayMode != nullptr) {
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode[0] = gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[0];
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode[gfdm_parameters.logical_small_swapchain] =
+                    gfdm_parameters.fullscreen_display_modes[1];
+        }
+    }
 
     // recreate overlay
     if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(pReal) && SUCCEEDED(res)) {
@@ -1922,6 +2263,22 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDisplayModeEx(
     WRAP_DEBUG;
 
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        return ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(iSwapChain)->GetDisplayModeEx(
+                pMode,
+                pRotation);
+    }
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(iSwapChain))
+    {
+        CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->GetDisplayModeEx(
+                GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN,
+                pMode,
+                pRotation));
+    }
+
     CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->GetDisplayModeEx(
             iSwapChain, pMode, pRotation));
 }

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.h

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <array>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
 
 #include <initguid.h>
 #include <d3d9.h>
@@ -40,23 +42,54 @@ static const GUID IID_WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 = {
 void SurfaceHook(IDirect3DDevice9 *pReal);
 
 struct WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 : IDirect3DDevice9Ex {
-    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(HWND hFocusWindow, IDirect3DDevice9 *orig)
-        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false) {
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(
+            HWND hFocusWindow,
+            IDirect3DDevice9 *orig,
+            UINT gfdm_logical_small_swapchain = 2,
+            IDirect3D9 *gfdm_parent_d3d = nullptr,
+            const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *gfdm_logical_group_parameters = nullptr)
+        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow),
+          pReal(orig),
+          is_d3d9ex(false),
+          gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(gfdm_logical_small_swapchain),
+          gfdm_parent_d3d(gfdm_parent_d3d) {
+        if (this->gfdm_parent_d3d != nullptr) {
+            this->gfdm_parent_d3d->AddRef();
+        }
         IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device = nullptr;
 
         // attempt to upgrade handle
         if (SUCCEEDED(this->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&device))) && device != nullptr) {
             device->Release();
         }
+        set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(gfdm_logical_group_parameters);
     }
 
-    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(HWND hFocusWindow, IDirect3DDevice9Ex *orig)
-        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true) {}
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(
+            HWND hFocusWindow,
+            IDirect3DDevice9Ex *orig,
+            UINT gfdm_logical_small_swapchain = 2,
+            IDirect3D9 *gfdm_parent_d3d = nullptr,
+            const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *gfdm_logical_group_parameters = nullptr)
+        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow),
+          pReal(orig),
+          is_d3d9ex(true),
+          gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(gfdm_logical_small_swapchain),
+          gfdm_parent_d3d(gfdm_parent_d3d) {
+        if (this->gfdm_parent_d3d != nullptr) {
+            this->gfdm_parent_d3d->AddRef();
+        }
+        set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(gfdm_logical_group_parameters);
+    }
 
     WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(const WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &) = delete;
     WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &operator=(const WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &) = delete;
 
-    virtual ~WrappedIDirect3DDevice9() = default;
+    virtual ~WrappedIDirect3DDevice9() {
+        if (gfdm_parent_d3d != nullptr) {
+            gfdm_parent_d3d->Release();
+        }
+    }
 
 #pragma region IUnknown
     virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
@@ -201,6 +234,27 @@ struct WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 : IDirect3DDevice9Ex {
     virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayModeEx(UINT iSwapChain, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode, D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation) override;
 #pragma endregion
 
+    bool is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() const;
+    bool is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(UINT swapchain) const;
+    bool is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(UINT swapchain) const;
+    size_t gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(UINT swapchain) const;
+    void set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(
+            const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters);
+    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(UINT iSwapChain);
+    void release_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchains();
+
+    enum class GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult {
+        NotAttempted,
+        ReadyToRetry,
+        Failed,
+    };
+    void gfdm_disarm_present_mode_recovery();
+    void gfdm_arm_present_mode_recovery(
+            const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *native_presentation_parameters,
+            const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *native_fullscreen_display_modes);
+    GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult gfdm_recover_present_mode_change(
+            HRESULT *failure_result);
+
     HWND const hFocusWindow;
     IDirect3DDevice9 *pReal;
     bool is_d3d9ex = false;
@@ -211,5 +265,17 @@ struct WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 : IDirect3DDevice9Ex {
     WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 *sub_swapchain[3] = { nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
     FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *fake_sub_swapchain[3] = { nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
 
+    UINT gfdm_logical_small_swapchain = 2;
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 4> gfdm_logical_group_parameters {};
+    bool gfdm_logical_group_parameters_valid = false;
+    IDirect3D9 *gfdm_parent_d3d = nullptr;
+
+    std::mutex gfdm_recovery_mutex;
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 2> gfdm_recovery_parameters {};
+    std::array<D3DDISPLAYMODEEX, 2> gfdm_recovery_modes {};
+    bool gfdm_recovery_armed = false;
+    std::atomic_bool gfdm_recovery_consumed {false};
+    const DWORD gfdm_device_creation_thread_id = GetCurrentThreadId();
+
     IDirect3DVertexShader9 *vertex_shader = nullptr;
 };

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.cpp

@@ -59,7 +59,12 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present(const RECT *pSourceRe
         log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present");
     });
 
+    if (!is_hidden) {
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    present_count.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetFrontBufferData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
@@ -86,11 +91,32 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetBackBuffer(UINT iBackBuffe
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetRasterStatus(D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus) {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pRasterStatus == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    *pRasterStatus = {};
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayMode(D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pMode == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    pMode->Width = present_params.BackBufferWidth;
+    pMode->Height = present_params.BackBufferHeight;
+    pMode->RefreshRate = present_params.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz;
+    pMode->Format = present_params.BackBufferFormat;
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDevice(IDirect3DDevice9 **ppDevice) {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
@@ -108,17 +134,46 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetPresentParameters(
         D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters)
 {
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    if (!is_hidden) {
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pPresentationParameters == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    *pPresentationParameters = present_params;
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 
 // IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetLastPresentCount(UINT *pLastPresentCount) {
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (!is_hidden) {
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pLastPresentCount == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    *pLastPresentCount = present_count.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetPresentStats(D3DPRESENTSTATS *pPresentationStatistics) {
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (!is_hidden) {
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pPresentationStatistics == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    *pPresentationStatistics = {};
+    pPresentationStatistics->PresentCount =
+        present_count.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return D3D_OK;
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayModeEx(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode,
         D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation)
@@ -126,5 +181,22 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayModeEx(D3DDISPLAYMO
     WRAP_VERBOSE;
 
     assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    if (!is_hidden) {
         return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (pMode == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    pMode->Size = sizeof(*pMode);
+    pMode->Width = present_params.BackBufferWidth;
+    pMode->Height = present_params.BackBufferHeight;
+    pMode->RefreshRate = present_params.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz;
+    pMode->Format = present_params.BackBufferFormat;
+    pMode->ScanLineOrdering = D3DSCANLINEORDERING_PROGRESSIVE;
+    if (pRotation != nullptr) {
+        *pRotation = D3DDISPLAYROTATION_IDENTITY;
+    }
+    return D3D_OK;
 }

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.h

@@ -6,14 +6,19 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <d3d9.h>
 
 #include "util/logging.h"
 
 struct FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
-    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDev, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params, bool is_d3d9ex) :
-        pDev(pDev), is_d3d9ex(is_d3d9ex)
+    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+            IDirect3DDevice9 *pDev,
+            D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params,
+            bool is_d3d9ex,
+            bool is_hidden = false) :
+        pDev(pDev), is_d3d9ex(is_d3d9ex), is_hidden(is_hidden)
     {
         // copy presentation parameters
         memcpy(&this->present_params, present_params, sizeof(this->present_params));
@@ -78,8 +83,10 @@ struct FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
 
     IDirect3DDevice9 *const pDev;
     bool is_d3d9ex;
+    bool is_hidden;
 
     std::atomic<ULONG> ref_cnt = 1;
+    std::atomic<UINT> present_count = 0;
 
     D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS present_params {};
     std::vector<IDirect3DSurface9 *> render_targets;

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_gfdm.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+#include "d3d9_gfdm.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "games/gitadora/gitadora.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "d3d9_device.h"
+
+bool gfdm_two_head_exclusive() {
+    return games::gitadora::is_arena_model()
+            && games::gitadora::ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE
+            && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED;
+}
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_select_two_head_group_parameters(
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *logical_presentation_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *logical_fullscreen_display_modes,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *native_presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *native_fullscreen_display_modes,
+        UINT *logical_small_swapchain,
+        const char *operation)
+{
+    if (!gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            || logical_presentation_parameters == nullptr
+            || native_presentation_parameters == nullptr
+            || logical_small_swapchain == nullptr)
+    {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    UINT small_slot = GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+    for (UINT i = 1; i < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT; i++) {
+        const auto &params = logical_presentation_parameters[i];
+        if (params.BackBufferWidth != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+                || params.BackBufferHeight != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (small_slot != GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT) {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: {} found multiple SMALL slots: {} and {}",
+                    operation,
+                    small_slot,
+                    i);
+            return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        small_slot = i;
+    }
+
+    if (small_slot == GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} could not find an 800x1280 logical SMALL descriptor",
+                operation);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (logical_fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr
+            && (logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot].Width != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+                    || logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot].Height != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT))
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} SMALL slot {} mode is {}x{}, expected {}x{}",
+                operation,
+                small_slot,
+                logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot].Width,
+                logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot].Height,
+                GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH,
+                GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    native_presentation_parameters[0] = logical_presentation_parameters[0];
+    native_presentation_parameters[1] = logical_presentation_parameters[small_slot];
+    if (logical_fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr
+            && native_fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr)
+    {
+        native_fullscreen_display_modes[0] = logical_fullscreen_display_modes[0];
+        native_fullscreen_display_modes[1] = logical_fullscreen_display_modes[small_slot];
+    }
+
+    log_info(
+            "graphics::d3d9",
+            "two-head exclusive: {} selected logical SMALL slot {} -> native group head 1{}",
+            operation,
+            small_slot,
+            logical_presentation_parameters[small_slot].hDeviceWindow == GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW
+                    ? " (named SMALL host)"
+                    : "");
+    *logical_small_swapchain = small_slot;
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+
+bool is_fake_subscreen_adapter(UINT adapter) {
+    // MAIN and SMALL remain native D3D heads; LEFT/RIGHT are virtual.
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        return adapter >= 2 && adapter < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT;
+    }
+
+    return FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER && adapter > 0;
+}
+
+void get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(
+        UINT adapter,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODE *mode)
+{
+    (void) adapter;
+    if (gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        mode->Width = GFDM_SIDE_WIDTH;
+        mode->Height = GFDM_SIDE_HEIGHT;
+    } else {
+        mode->Width = 1280;
+        mode->Height = 800;
+    }
+    mode->RefreshRate = 60;
+    mode->Format = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
+}
+
+void get_fake_subscreen_display_mode_ex(
+        UINT adapter,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *mode)
+{
+    D3DDISPLAYMODE legacy_mode {};
+    get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(adapter, &legacy_mode);
+
+    mode->Size = sizeof(*mode);
+    mode->Width = legacy_mode.Width;
+    mode->Height = legacy_mode.Height;
+    mode->RefreshRate = legacy_mode.RefreshRate;
+    mode->Format = legacy_mode.Format;
+    mode->ScanLineOrdering = D3DSCANLINEORDERING_PROGRESSIVE;
+}
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_remap_two_head_group_parameters(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+        const char *operation)
+{
+    if (!gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) {
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+    if (presentation_parameters == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    auto &secondary = presentation_parameters[1];
+    if (secondary.BackBufferWidth != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+            || secondary.BackBufferHeight != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT)
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} expected physical SMALL {}x{} at group slot 1, got {}x{}",
+                operation,
+                GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH,
+                GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT,
+                secondary.BackBufferWidth,
+                secondary.BackBufferHeight);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    if (GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW == nullptr || !IsWindow(GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW)) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} cannot use the named SMALL window as physical group head 1",
+                operation);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    secondary.hDeviceWindow = GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW;
+
+    if (fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr
+            && (fullscreen_display_modes[1].Width != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+                    || fullscreen_display_modes[1].Height != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT))
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive: {} SMALL head mode is {}x{}, expected 800x1280",
+                operation,
+                fullscreen_display_modes[1].Width,
+                fullscreen_display_modes[1].Height);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+
+void graphics_d3d9_gfdm_align_two_head_refresh_to_desktop(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        UINT master_adapter,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+        const char *operation)
+{
+    if (d3d == nullptr
+            || presentation_parameters == nullptr
+            || fullscreen_display_modes == nullptr)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (UINT head = 0; head < 2; head++) {
+        const bool explicitly_forced =
+                (head == 0 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0)
+                || (head == 1 && GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH_SUB.has_value());
+        if (explicitly_forced) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX desktop_mode {};
+        desktop_mode.Size = sizeof(desktop_mode);
+        D3DDISPLAYROTATION rotation = D3DDISPLAYROTATION_IDENTITY;
+        const HRESULT result = d3d->GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(
+                master_adapter + head,
+                &desktop_mode,
+                &rotation);
+        if (FAILED(result)) {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: {} could not query native head {} desktop refresh, hr={}",
+                    operation,
+                    head,
+                    FMT_HRESULT(result));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const auto &parameters = presentation_parameters[head];
+        if (desktop_mode.Width != parameters.BackBufferWidth
+                || desktop_mode.Height != parameters.BackBufferHeight
+                || desktop_mode.Format != parameters.BackBufferFormat
+                || desktop_mode.RefreshRate == 0)
+        {
+            log_warning(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: {} head {} mode differs from the desktop",
+                    operation,
+                    head);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (parameters.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz != desktop_mode.RefreshRate
+                || fullscreen_display_modes[head].RefreshRate != desktop_mode.RefreshRate)
+        {
+            log_info(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "two-head exclusive: {} head {} refresh {} / {} -> {} (rotation {})",
+                    operation,
+                    head,
+                    parameters.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
+                    fullscreen_display_modes[head].RefreshRate,
+                    desktop_mode.RefreshRate,
+                    static_cast<UINT>(rotation));
+            presentation_parameters[head].FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz =
+                    desktop_mode.RefreshRate;
+            fullscreen_display_modes[head].RefreshRate =
+                    desktop_mode.RefreshRate;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+HRESULT validate_gfdm_two_head_exclusive(
+        IDirect3D9 *d3d,
+        UINT adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE device_type,
+        DWORD behavior_flags,
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters)
+{
+    if (!(behavior_flags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE)) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode requires D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE");
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+    if (adapter != 0) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive mode currently requires master adapter 0, game requested {}",
+                adapter);
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+    if (presentation_parameters == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    const UINT native_adapter_count = d3d->GetAdapterCount();
+    if (native_adapter_count != 2) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode requires two native D3D9 adapters; found {}",
+                native_adapter_count);
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    D3DCAPS9 caps {};
+    const HRESULT caps_result = d3d->GetDeviceCaps(adapter, device_type, &caps);
+    if (FAILED(caps_result)) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive mode could not query native adapter caps, hr={}",
+                FMT_HRESULT(caps_result));
+        return caps_result;
+    }
+    if (caps.MasterAdapterOrdinal != adapter
+            || caps.AdapterOrdinalInGroup != 0
+            || caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup != 2)
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "invalid adapter group: master={}, index={}, size={}",
+                caps.MasterAdapterOrdinal,
+                caps.AdapterOrdinalInGroup,
+                caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup);
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    const auto &main = presentation_parameters[0];
+    const auto &small_params = presentation_parameters[1];
+    if (main.Windowed || small_params.Windowed) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head exclusive mode requires both group heads to be fullscreen");
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    if (small_params.BackBufferWidth != GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH
+            || small_params.BackBufferHeight != GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT)
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "SMALL head must be {}x{}; got {}x{}",
+                GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH,
+                GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT,
+                small_params.BackBufferWidth,
+                small_params.BackBufferHeight);
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    if (main.EnableAutoDepthStencil != small_params.EnableAutoDepthStencil) {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode requires matching automatic depth-stencil settings");
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+    if (main.EnableAutoDepthStencil
+            && (main.AutoDepthStencilFormat != small_params.AutoDepthStencilFormat
+                    || main.BackBufferWidth != small_params.BackBufferWidth
+                    || main.BackBufferHeight != small_params.BackBufferHeight
+                    || main.BackBufferFormat != small_params.BackBufferFormat))
+    {
+        log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "two-head mode cannot use unequal sizes with automatic depth-stencil");
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+
+static bool gfdm_find_alternate_small_mode(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        UINT adapter,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX &desired,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *alternate)
+{
+    if (d3d == nullptr || alternate == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEFILTER filter {};
+    filter.Size = sizeof(filter);
+    filter.Format = desired.Format;
+    filter.ScanLineOrdering = D3DSCANLINEORDERING_UNKNOWN;
+    const UINT count = d3d->GetAdapterModeCountEx(adapter, &filter);
+    const bool portrait = desired.Width < desired.Height;
+
+    for (UINT index = 0; index < count; index++) {
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX mode {};
+        mode.Size = sizeof(mode);
+        if (FAILED(d3d->EnumAdapterModesEx(adapter, &filter, index, &mode))
+                || mode.Width != desired.Width
+                || mode.Height != desired.Height
+                || mode.Format != desired.Format
+                || (mode.RefreshRate == desired.RefreshRate
+                        && mode.ScanLineOrdering == desired.ScanLineOrdering))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        *alternate = mode;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    for (int preserve_orientation = 1; preserve_orientation >= 0; preserve_orientation--) {
+        for (int preserve_refresh = 1; preserve_refresh >= 0; preserve_refresh--) {
+            for (UINT index = 0; index < count; index++) {
+                D3DDISPLAYMODEEX mode {};
+                mode.Size = sizeof(mode);
+                if (FAILED(d3d->EnumAdapterModesEx(adapter, &filter, index, &mode))
+                        || (mode.Width == desired.Width && mode.Height == desired.Height)
+                        || mode.Format != desired.Format)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (preserve_orientation && (mode.Width < mode.Height) != portrait) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (preserve_refresh && mode.RefreshRate != desired.RefreshRate) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                *alternate = mode;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool gfdm_wait_for_small_mode(
+        HWND window,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX &expected)
+{
+    const HMONITOR monitor =
+            window != nullptr ? MonitorFromWindow(window, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL) : nullptr;
+    MONITORINFOEXA monitor_info {};
+    monitor_info.cbSize = sizeof(monitor_info);
+    if (monitor == nullptr || !GetMonitorInfoA(monitor, &monitor_info)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (UINT poll = 0; poll < 50; poll++) {
+        DEVMODEA current {};
+        current.dmSize = sizeof(current);
+        if (EnumDisplaySettingsExA(
+                    monitor_info.szDevice,
+                    ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,
+                    &current,
+                    0)
+                && current.dmPelsWidth == expected.Width
+                && current.dmPelsHeight == expected.Height
+                && (expected.RefreshRate == 0
+                        || current.dmDisplayFrequency == expected.RefreshRate))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        Sleep(10);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_recover_two_head_present_mode(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device,
+        UINT master_adapter,
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *desired_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *desired_modes)
+{
+    if (d3d == nullptr
+            || device == nullptr
+            || desired_parameters == nullptr
+            || desired_modes == nullptr)
+    {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX alternate_small {};
+    if (!gfdm_find_alternate_small_mode(
+                d3d,
+                master_adapter + 1,
+                desired_modes[1],
+                &alternate_small))
+    {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "no alternate SMALL mode is available for recovery");
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS temporary_parameters[2] {
+            desired_parameters[0],
+            desired_parameters[1]};
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX temporary_modes[2] {
+            desired_modes[0],
+            desired_modes[1]};
+    temporary_parameters[1].BackBufferWidth = alternate_small.Width;
+    temporary_parameters[1].BackBufferHeight = alternate_small.Height;
+    temporary_parameters[1].BackBufferFormat = alternate_small.Format;
+    temporary_parameters[1].FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = alternate_small.RefreshRate;
+    temporary_modes[1] = alternate_small;
+
+    HRESULT temporary_result = device->ResetEx(temporary_parameters, temporary_modes);
+    const bool temporary_settled =
+            temporary_result == D3D_OK
+            && gfdm_wait_for_small_mode(desired_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow, alternate_small);
+
+    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS restore_parameters[2] {
+            desired_parameters[0],
+            desired_parameters[1]};
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX restore_modes[2] {
+            desired_modes[0],
+            desired_modes[1]};
+    HRESULT restore_result = device->ResetEx(restore_parameters, restore_modes);
+    const bool restore_settled =
+            restore_result == D3D_OK
+            && gfdm_wait_for_small_mode(desired_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow, desired_modes[1]);
+
+    if (temporary_result != D3D_OK) {
+        return temporary_result;
+    }
+    if (restore_result != D3D_OK) {
+        return restore_result;
+    }
+    if (!temporary_settled || !restore_settled) {
+        return D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+    }
+    return device->CheckDeviceState(desired_parameters[0].hDeviceWindow) == D3D_OK
+            ? D3D_OK
+            : D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE;
+}
+
+bool WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() const {
+    return ::gfdm_two_head_exclusive();
+}
+
+bool WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::is_gfdm_logical_small_swapchain(
+        UINT swapchain) const
+{
+    return swapchain == gfdm_logical_small_swapchain;
+}
+
+bool WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(
+        UINT swapchain) const
+{
+    return swapchain > 0
+            && swapchain < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT
+            && swapchain != gfdm_logical_small_swapchain;
+}
+
+size_t WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(
+        UINT swapchain) const
+{
+    assert(is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(swapchain));
+    return swapchain < gfdm_logical_small_swapchain
+            ? swapchain
+            : swapchain - 1;
+}
+
+void WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::set_gfdm_logical_group_parameters(
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters)
+{
+    if (presentation_parameters == nullptr) {
+        gfdm_logical_group_parameters_valid = false;
+        return;
+    }
+    std::copy_n(
+            presentation_parameters,
+            gfdm_logical_group_parameters.size(),
+            gfdm_logical_group_parameters.begin());
+    gfdm_logical_group_parameters_valid = true;
+}
+
+FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *
+WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ensure_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain(UINT iSwapChain) {
+    assert(is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(iSwapChain));
+
+    const size_t index = gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(iSwapChain);
+    if (fake_sub_swapchain[index] == nullptr) {
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS params {};
+        if (gfdm_logical_group_parameters_valid) {
+            params = gfdm_logical_group_parameters[iSwapChain];
+        } else {
+            params.BackBufferWidth = 1080;
+            params.BackBufferHeight = 1920;
+            params.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
+            params.BackBufferCount = 1;
+            params.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
+            params.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
+            params.Windowed = FALSE;
+            params.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 60;
+            params.EnableAutoDepthStencil = FALSE;
+            params.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;
+        }
+        fake_sub_swapchain[index] = new FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+                this,
+                &params,
+                is_d3d9ex,
+                true);
+    }
+    return fake_sub_swapchain[index];
+}
+
+void WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::release_gfdm_hidden_side_swapchains() {
+    for (UINT i = 1; i < GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (!is_gfdm_logical_side_swapchain(i)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const size_t index = gfdm_hidden_side_swapchain_slot(i);
+        if (fake_sub_swapchain[index] != nullptr) {
+            fake_sub_swapchain[index]->Release();
+            fake_sub_swapchain[index] = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::gfdm_disarm_present_mode_recovery() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gfdm_recovery_mutex);
+    gfdm_recovery_armed = false;
+    gfdm_recovery_consumed.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+void WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::gfdm_arm_present_mode_recovery(
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *native_presentation_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *native_fullscreen_display_modes)
+{
+    if (native_presentation_parameters == nullptr
+            || native_fullscreen_display_modes == nullptr)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gfdm_recovery_mutex);
+    gfdm_recovery_parameters[0] = native_presentation_parameters[0];
+    gfdm_recovery_parameters[1] = native_presentation_parameters[1];
+    gfdm_recovery_modes[0] = native_fullscreen_display_modes[0];
+    gfdm_recovery_modes[1] = native_fullscreen_display_modes[1];
+    if (gfdm_recovery_modes[0].Size == 0) {
+        gfdm_recovery_modes[0].Size = sizeof(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX);
+    }
+    if (gfdm_recovery_modes[1].Size == 0) {
+        gfdm_recovery_modes[1].Size = sizeof(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX);
+    }
+    gfdm_recovery_armed =
+            !gfdm_recovery_parameters[0].Windowed
+            && !gfdm_recovery_parameters[1].Windowed
+            && IsWindow(gfdm_recovery_parameters[1].hDeviceWindow);
+    gfdm_recovery_consumed.store(
+            !gfdm_recovery_armed,
+            std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult
+WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::gfdm_recover_present_mode_change(
+        HRESULT *failure_result)
+{
+    if (failure_result != nullptr) {
+        *failure_result = D3D_OK;
+    }
+    if (!is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive() || !is_d3d9ex
+            || gfdm_recovery_consumed.exchange(
+                    true,
+                    std::memory_order_acq_rel))
+    {
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::NotAttempted;
+    }
+    if (GetCurrentThreadId() != gfdm_device_creation_thread_id) {
+        if (failure_result != nullptr) {
+            *failure_result = D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+        }
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::Failed;
+    }
+
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 2> parameters {};
+    std::array<D3DDISPLAYMODEEX, 2> modes {};
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(gfdm_recovery_mutex);
+        if (!gfdm_recovery_armed) {
+            return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::NotAttempted;
+        }
+        parameters = gfdm_recovery_parameters;
+        modes = gfdm_recovery_modes;
+    }
+
+    IDirect3D9 *raw_d3d = nullptr;
+    HRESULT result = pReal->GetDirect3D(&raw_d3d);
+    IDirect3D9Ex *raw_d3d_ex = nullptr;
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result)) {
+        result = raw_d3d != nullptr
+                ? raw_d3d->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&raw_d3d_ex))
+                : E_FAIL;
+    }
+    D3DDEVICE_CREATION_PARAMETERS creation {};
+    if (SUCCEEDED(result)) {
+        result = pReal->GetCreationParameters(&creation);
+    }
+    if (FAILED(result) || raw_d3d_ex == nullptr) {
+        if (raw_d3d_ex != nullptr) {
+            raw_d3d_ex->Release();
+        }
+        if (raw_d3d != nullptr) {
+            raw_d3d->Release();
+        }
+        if (failure_result != nullptr) {
+            *failure_result = result;
+        }
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::Failed;
+    }
+
+    result = graphics_d3d9_gfdm_recover_two_head_present_mode(
+            raw_d3d_ex,
+            static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal),
+            creation.AdapterOrdinal,
+            parameters.data(),
+            modes.data());
+    raw_d3d_ex->Release();
+    raw_d3d->Release();
+
+    if (result == D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE) {
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::NotAttempted;
+    }
+    if (FAILED(result)) {
+        if (failure_result != nullptr) {
+            *failure_result = result;
+        }
+        return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::Failed;
+    }
+    return GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::ReadyToRetry;
+}
+

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_gfdm.h

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_SIDE_WIDTH = 1080;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_SIDE_HEIGHT = 1920;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_SMALL_WIDTH = 800;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_SMALL_HEIGHT = 1280;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_LOGICAL_HEAD_COUNT = 4;
+inline constexpr UINT GFDM_NATIVE_SMALL_SWAPCHAIN = 1;
+
+struct GfdmTwoHeadDeviceState {
+    explicit GfdmTwoHeadDeviceState(
+            D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+            D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+            UINT logical_small_swapchain = 2)
+        : presentation_parameters(presentation_parameters),
+          fullscreen_display_modes(fullscreen_display_modes),
+          logical_small_swapchain(logical_small_swapchain) {}
+
+    void use_native_parameters() {
+        presentation_parameters = native_presentation_parameters.data();
+        fullscreen_display_modes = source_fullscreen_display_modes != nullptr
+                ? native_fullscreen_display_modes.data()
+                : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 2> native_presentation_parameters {};
+    std::array<D3DDISPLAYMODEEX, 2> native_fullscreen_display_modes {};
+    std::array<D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 2> recovery_parameters {};
+    std::array<D3DDISPLAYMODEEX, 2> recovery_modes {};
+    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters;
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes;
+    D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *const source_fullscreen_display_modes = fullscreen_display_modes;
+    UINT logical_small_swapchain;
+    bool recovery_candidate = false;
+};
+
+bool gfdm_two_head_exclusive();
+bool is_fake_subscreen_adapter(UINT adapter);
+void get_fake_subscreen_display_mode(UINT adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODE *mode);
+void get_fake_subscreen_display_mode_ex(UINT adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *mode);
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_select_two_head_group_parameters(
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *logical_presentation_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *logical_fullscreen_display_modes,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *native_presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *native_fullscreen_display_modes,
+        UINT *logical_small_swapchain,
+        const char *operation);
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_remap_two_head_group_parameters(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+        const char *operation);
+
+void graphics_d3d9_gfdm_align_two_head_refresh_to_desktop(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        UINT master_adapter,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *fullscreen_display_modes,
+        const char *operation);
+
+HRESULT validate_gfdm_two_head_exclusive(
+        IDirect3D9 *d3d,
+        UINT adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE device_type,
+        DWORD behavior_flags,
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *presentation_parameters);
+
+HRESULT graphics_d3d9_gfdm_recover_two_head_present_mode(
+        IDirect3D9Ex *d3d,
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device,
+        UINT master_adapter,
+        const D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *desired_parameters,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *desired_modes);

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::QueryInterface(REFIID riid
         return E_POINTER;
     }
 
-    if (//riid == __uuidof(IUnknown) || Ignore IUnknown, it's often queried to test object equality between different interfaces
+    if ((riid == IID_IUnknown && pDev->is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()) ||
         riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9 ||
         riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex)
     {
@@ -89,7 +89,42 @@ HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present(const RECT *pSourc
         graphics_d3d9_on_present(pDev->hFocusWindow, pDev->pReal, pDev);
     }
 
-    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->Present(pSourceRect, pDestRect, hDestWindowOverride, pDirtyRegion, dwFlags));
+    HRESULT result = pReal->Present(
+            pSourceRect,
+            pDestRect,
+            hDestWindowOverride,
+            pDirtyRegion,
+            dwFlags);
+
+    // Some drivers report S_PRESENT_MODE_CHANGED after Windows moves the portrait SMALL
+    // head into the requested exclusive mode, leaving both group heads black. Toggle SMALL
+    // through another supported mode and restore it once, then retry the interrupted MAIN
+    // present. Recovery is restricted to the creation thread and consumes its armed state,
+    // so subsequent presents cannot repeat the mode switch.
+    if (pDev->is_gfdm_two_head_exclusive()
+            && native_group_head == NativeGroupHead::Main
+            && result == S_PRESENT_MODE_CHANGED)
+    {
+        HRESULT recovery_failure = D3D_OK;
+        const auto recovery = pDev->gfdm_recover_present_mode_change(
+                &recovery_failure);
+        if (recovery
+                == WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::ReadyToRetry)
+        {
+            result = pReal->Present(
+                    pSourceRect,
+                    pDestRect,
+                    hDestWindowOverride,
+                    pDirtyRegion,
+                    dwFlags);
+        } else if (recovery
+                        == WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GfdmPresentModeRecoveryResult::Failed
+                && FAILED(recovery_failure))
+        {
+            result = recovery_failure;
+        }
+    }
+    CHECK_RESULT(result);
 }
 HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetFrontBufferData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) {
     CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFrontBufferData(pDestSurface));

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.h

@@ -5,8 +5,13 @@
 interface WrappedIDirect3DDevice9;
 
 struct WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
-    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev, IDirect3DSwapChain9 *orig) :
-        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false)
+    enum class NativeGroupHead { Unknown, Main, Small };
+
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+            WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev,
+            IDirect3DSwapChain9 *orig,
+            NativeGroupHead native_group_head = NativeGroupHead::Unknown) :
+        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false), native_group_head(native_group_head)
     {
         IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *swapchain = nullptr;
 
@@ -16,8 +21,11 @@ struct WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
         }
     }
 
-    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev, IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *orig) :
-        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true)
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(
+            WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev,
+            IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *orig,
+            NativeGroupHead native_group_head = NativeGroupHead::Unknown) :
+        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true), native_group_head(native_group_head)
     {
     }
 
@@ -53,6 +61,7 @@ struct WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
 
     IDirect3DSwapChain9 *pReal;
     bool is_d3d9ex = false;
+    NativeGroupHead native_group_head = NativeGroupHead::Unknown;
 
     bool should_run_hooks = true;
 };

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/graphics.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "games/ddr/ddr.h"
 #include "games/gitadora/gitadora.h"
 #include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
 #include "games/popn/popn.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/backends/d3d11/d3d11_backend.h"
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "util/fileutils.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 #include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "touch/native/inject.h"
 #include "util/time.h"
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
 
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@ HWND SDVX_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
 HWND GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
 static HWND GFDM_LEFT_WINDOW = nullptr;
 static HWND GFDM_RIGHT_WINDOW = nullptr;
+static HMONITOR GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_MONITOR = nullptr;
+static HWND GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_WINDOW = nullptr;
 HWND POPN_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
 bool FAKE_SUBSCREEN_ADAPTER = false;
 
@@ -182,17 +186,26 @@ static bool is_gfdm_known_window(HWND hWnd) {
     return gitadora_window_name_for_hwnd(hWnd) != nullptr;
 }
 
+static bool is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(HWND hWnd) {
+    return games::gitadora::is_arena_model() &&
+        games::gitadora::ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE &&
+        hWnd != nullptr &&
+        hWnd == GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_WINDOW;
+}
+
 static bool gitadora_should_block_game_window_placement(HWND hWnd) {
     if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED || !games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     const auto window_name = gitadora_window_name_for_hwnd(hWnd);
-    return window_name != nullptr && graphics_gitadora_has_window_monitor(window_name);
+    return window_name != nullptr && graphics_gitadora_has_window_override(window_name);
 }
 
 static void gitadora_remember_window(HWND hWnd, const std::string &window_name) {
-    if (window_name == "LEFT") {
+    if (window_name == "GITADORA") {
+        GRAPHICS_HOOKED_WINDOW = hWnd;
+    } else if (window_name == "LEFT") {
         GFDM_LEFT_WINDOW = hWnd;
     } else if (window_name == "RIGHT") {
         GFDM_RIGHT_WINDOW = hWnd;
@@ -201,6 +214,95 @@ static void gitadora_remember_window(HWND hWnd, const std::string &window_name)
     }
 }
 
+bool graphics_gitadora_prepare_two_head_device_window(
+        HWND hWnd, HMONITOR target_monitor, UINT desired_width, UINT desired_height) {
+    if (hWnd == nullptr || !IsWindow(hWnd)) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: native secondary device window is invalid: {}",
+            fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (ShowWindow_orig == nullptr || SetWindowLongA_orig == nullptr ||
+            SetWindowPos_orig == nullptr) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: window hooks are not initialized for {}",
+            fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    RECT rect_before {};
+    GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect_before);
+    const DWORD style_before = static_cast<DWORD>(GetWindowLongA(hWnd, GWL_STYLE));
+    const BOOL visible_before = IsWindowVisible(hWnd);
+
+    if (target_monitor != nullptr) {
+        GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_MONITOR = target_monitor;
+    }
+    const HMONITOR monitor = target_monitor != nullptr
+        ? target_monitor
+        : (GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_MONITOR != nullptr
+            ? GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_MONITOR
+            : MonitorFromWindow(hWnd, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL));
+    MONITORINFO monitor_info {};
+    monitor_info.cbSize = sizeof(monitor_info);
+    if (monitor == nullptr || !GetMonitorInfoA(monitor, &monitor_info)) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: could not find the SMALL monitor for {}",
+            fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Arena requests D3DCREATE_NOWINDOWCHANGES, so place its SMALL window on
+    // the second head before D3D9 takes ownership of it.
+    const DWORD fullscreen_style = (style_before & ~WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW) | WS_POPUP;
+    const bool style_changed = fullscreen_style != style_before;
+    if (style_changed) {
+        SetWindowLongA_orig(hWnd, GWL_STYLE, static_cast<LONG>(fullscreen_style));
+    }
+    const RECT &monitor_rect = monitor_info.rcMonitor;
+    const int host_width = desired_width != 0
+        ? static_cast<int>(desired_width)
+        : monitor_rect.right - monitor_rect.left;
+    const int host_height = desired_height != 0
+        ? static_cast<int>(desired_height)
+        : monitor_rect.bottom - monitor_rect.top;
+    const bool rect_changed = rect_before.left != monitor_rect.left ||
+        rect_before.top != monitor_rect.top ||
+        rect_before.right != monitor_rect.left + host_width ||
+        rect_before.bottom != monitor_rect.top + host_height;
+    if ((style_changed || rect_changed) && !SetWindowPos_orig(
+        hWnd,
+        HWND_TOP,
+        monitor_rect.left,
+        monitor_rect.top,
+        host_width,
+        host_height,
+        SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_NOOWNERZORDER | SWP_FRAMECHANGED)) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: failed to place SMALL window, error={}",
+            GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!visible_before) {
+        ShowWindow_orig(hWnd, SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE);
+    }
+    if (MonitorFromWindow(hWnd, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL) != monitor) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "two-head exclusive: SMALL window {} is on the wrong monitor",
+            fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    GFDM_TWO_HEAD_SMALL_WINDOW = hWnd;
+    return true;
+}
+
 static bool gitadora_should_allow_small_resize() {
     return GRAPHICS_WINDOWED &&
         games::gitadora::is_arena_model() &&
@@ -589,6 +691,12 @@ static HWND WINAPI CreateWindowExA_hook(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCSTR lpClassName, LPC
             hWndParent, hMenu, hInstance, lpParam);
     GRAPHICS_WINDOWS.push_back(result);
 
+    // remember these windows now because full capture happens later during D3D
+    // initialization; placement calls before then can undo creation-time overrides
+    if (result != nullptr && is_gfdm_window && !is_gfdm_sub_window) {
+        gitadora_remember_window(result, gfdm_window_name);
+    }
+
     // theme the native title bar (dark/light)
     set_window_dark_titlebar(result);
 
@@ -612,10 +720,14 @@ static HWND WINAPI CreateWindowExA_hook(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCSTR lpClassName, LPC
     if (gfdm_window_name == "LEFT" || gfdm_window_name == "RIGHT") {
         gitadora_remember_window(result, gfdm_window_name);
     }
-    if (is_gfdm_sub_window && GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
+    if (is_gfdm_sub_window &&
+            ((GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) ||
+             games::gitadora::ARENA_TWO_HEAD_EXCLUSIVE)) {
         gitadora_remember_window(result, gfdm_window_name);
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
             graphics_hook_subscreen_window(GFDM_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);
         }
+    }
     if (is_gfdm_window && GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS) {
         gitadora_force_window_style(result);
     }
@@ -761,6 +873,10 @@ static BOOL WINAPI MoveWindow_hook(HWND hWnd, int X, int Y, int nWidth, int nHei
         nHeight,
         bRepaint);
 
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd)) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
     // sound voltex windowed mode adjustments
     if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && GRAPHICS_SDVX_FORCE_720 && avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
         RECT rect {};
@@ -797,7 +913,11 @@ static BOOL WINAPI MoveWindow_hook(HWND hWnd, int X, int Y, int nWidth, int nHei
             nWidth = rect.right - rect.left;
             nHeight = rect.bottom - rect.top;
 
+            if (games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH) {
+                nativetouch::inject::register_and_attach_window(TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);
+            } else {
                 touch_attach_wnd(TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);
+            }
         } else {
             // Existing behaviour: suppress subscreen window and prompt user to use overlay instead
              log_info(
@@ -864,6 +984,11 @@ static HCURSOR WINAPI SetCursor_hook(HCURSOR hCursor) {
 
 static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongA_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {
 
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd) &&
+            (nIndex == GWL_STYLE || nIndex == GWL_EXSTYLE)) {
+        return GetWindowLongA(hWnd, nIndex);
+    }
+
     // DDR window style fix
     if (nIndex == GWL_STYLE && avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
         dwNewLong |= WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
@@ -884,6 +1009,11 @@ static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongA_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {
 
 static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongW_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {
 
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd) &&
+            (nIndex == GWL_STYLE || nIndex == GWL_EXSTYLE)) {
+        return GetWindowLongW(hWnd, nIndex);
+    }
+
     // DDR overlapped window fix
     if (nIndex == GWL_STYLE && avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
         dwNewLong |= WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
@@ -905,6 +1035,12 @@ static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongW_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {
 static BOOL WINAPI SetWindowPos_hook(HWND hWnd, HWND hWndInsertAfter,
         int X, int Y, int cx, int cy, UINT uFlags) {
 
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd) &&
+            ((uFlags & SWP_HIDEWINDOW) ||
+             (uFlags & (SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE)) != (SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE))) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
     // windowed mode adjustments
     if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && (avs::game::is_model("LMA") || avs::game::is_model("MDX"))) {
         return TRUE;
@@ -929,6 +1065,13 @@ static BOOL WINAPI SetWindowPos_hook(HWND hWnd, HWND hWndInsertAfter,
 }
 
 static BOOL WINAPI ShowWindow_hook(HWND hWnd, int nCmdShow) {
+    if (is_gfdm_two_head_small_window(hWnd) &&
+            (nCmdShow == SW_HIDE || nCmdShow == SW_MINIMIZE ||
+             nCmdShow == SW_SHOWMINIMIZED || nCmdShow == SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE ||
+             nCmdShow == SW_FORCEMINIMIZE)) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
     if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model() &&
         GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS &&
         hWnd != GRAPHICS_HOOKED_WINDOW) {
@@ -950,6 +1093,13 @@ static BOOL WINAPI ShowWindow_hook(HWND hWnd, int nCmdShow) {
         return true;
     }
 
+    if (games::iidx::TDJ_MODE &&
+        GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS &&
+        hWnd == TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW) {
+        log_info("graphics", "ShowWindow_hook - hiding sub window {}", fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+        return true;
+    }
+
     // call original
     return ShowWindow_orig(hWnd, nCmdShow);
 }
@@ -1163,6 +1313,14 @@ void graphics_hook_window(HWND hWnd, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParamet
         WNDPROC_ORIG = reinterpret_cast<WNDPROC>(GetWindowLongPtrA(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC));
         SetWindowLongPtrA(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(WindowProc));
 
+        const bool native_touch_overlay =
+            (games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH && games::iidx::TDJ_MODE && !GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) ||
+            (games::popn::NATIVE_TOUCH &&
+             games::popn::is_pikapika_model() && GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS);
+        if (native_touch_overlay) {
+            nativetouch::inject::register_and_attach_window(hWnd);
+        }
+
         // NOLEGACY causes WM_CHAR to be not received
         // reflec beat game engine does not pass WM_CHAR through for some reason (unrelated to SpiceTouch)
         if (!rawinput::NOLEGACY && !(avs::game::is_model({"KBR", "LBR", "MBR"}))) {

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/graphics.h

@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ extern std::string GRAPHICS_GITADORA_MAIN_MONITOR;
 extern std::string GRAPHICS_GITADORA_LEFT_MONITOR;
 extern std::string GRAPHICS_GITADORA_RIGHT_MONITOR;
 extern std::string GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_MONITOR;
+extern std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_SIZE;
+extern std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_POS;
 
 extern bool GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB;
 extern std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_WSUB_SIZE;
@@ -117,6 +119,15 @@ extern bool D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE;
 
 void graphics_init();
 void graphics_hook_window(HWND hWnd, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters);
+// The native GITADORA two-head D3D9 group uses the game's named SMALL
+// device window for the native physical SMALL head. The game requests
+// D3DCREATE_NOWINDOWCHANGES, so this host must be made borderless and sized
+// to the requested native SMALL mode before the native fullscreen device is
+// created. During the adapter-group startup warmup, the monitor can briefly
+// report a different mode; preserve its origin but not that temporary size.
+bool graphics_gitadora_prepare_two_head_device_window(
+    HWND hWnd, HMONITOR target_monitor = nullptr, UINT desired_width = 0,
+    UINT desired_height = 0);
 void graphics_add_wnd_proc(WNDPROC wndProc);
 void graphics_remove_wnd_proc(WNDPROC wndProc);
 void graphics_hook_subscreen_window(HWND hWnd);
@@ -157,7 +168,7 @@ bool graphics_gitadora_apply_window_monitor(
         int &width,
         int &height,
         bool log_change);
-bool graphics_gitadora_has_window_monitor(const std::string &window_name);
+bool graphics_gitadora_has_window_override(const std::string &window_name);
 
 void change_primary_monitor(const std::string &monitor_name);
 void update_monitor_on_boot(

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/graphics_windowed.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ std::string GRAPHICS_GITADORA_MAIN_MONITOR;
 std::string GRAPHICS_GITADORA_LEFT_MONITOR;
 std::string GRAPHICS_GITADORA_RIGHT_MONITOR;
 std::string GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_MONITOR;
+std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_SIZE;
+std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_POS;
 
 // IIDX Windowed Subscreen - starts out as false, enabled by IIDX module on pre-attach as needed
 bool GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB = false;
@@ -89,9 +91,12 @@ static const std::string &graphics_gitadora_monitor_for_window_name(
     return empty;
 }
 
-bool graphics_gitadora_has_window_monitor(const std::string &window_name) {
+bool graphics_gitadora_has_window_override(const std::string &window_name) {
     const auto &monitor_name = graphics_gitadora_monitor_for_window_name(window_name);
-    return !monitor_name.empty();
+    return !monitor_name.empty() ||
+        (window_name == "SMALL" &&
+            (GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_SIZE.has_value() ||
+             GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_POS.has_value()));
 }
 
 static bool graphics_monitor_rect_from_name(
@@ -212,7 +217,11 @@ bool graphics_gitadora_apply_window_monitor(
         int &width,
         int &height,
         bool log_change) {
-    return graphics_gitadora_apply_monitor_rect(
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED || !games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool applied = graphics_gitadora_apply_monitor_rect(
         graphics_gitadora_monitor_for_window_name(window_name),
         window_name,
         x,
@@ -220,6 +229,42 @@ bool graphics_gitadora_apply_window_monitor(
         width,
         height,
         log_change);
+
+    if (window_name != "SMALL") {
+        return applied;
+    }
+
+    std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> result;
+    if (GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_SIZE.has_value()) {
+        if (parse_width_height(GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_SIZE.value(), result)) {
+            width = result.first;
+            height = result.second;
+            applied = true;
+        } else {
+            log_fatal("graphics-windowed", "failed to parse -gdwsmallsize");
+        }
+    }
+    if (GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_POS.has_value()) {
+        if (parse_width_height(GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_POS.value(), result)) {
+            x = result.first;
+            y = result.second;
+            applied = true;
+        } else {
+            log_fatal("graphics-windowed", "failed to parse -gdwsmallpos");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (applied && log_change &&
+        (GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_SIZE.has_value() || GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_POS.has_value())) {
+        log_info(
+            "graphics-windowed",
+            "GITADORA SMALL custom override: pos=({}, {}), size={}x{}",
+            x,
+            y,
+            width,
+            height);
+    }
+    return applied;
 }
 
 void graphics_capture_initial_window(HWND hWnd) {
@@ -254,7 +299,7 @@ void graphics_capture_initial_window(HWND hWnd) {
     cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_width = client_w;
     cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_height = client_h;
     cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_aspect_ratio = (float)client_w / (float)client_h;
-    log_debug(
+    log_misc(
         "graphics-windowed",
         "[{}] graphics_capture_initial_window initial window size {}x{}, ratio {}",
         fmt::ptr(hWnd),

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "external/nvapi/nvapi.h"
 #include "external/nvapi/NvApiDriverSettings.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
 #include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
 #include "util/detour.h"
 #include "util/libutils.h"
@@ -12,14 +13,21 @@ namespace nvapi_hook {
     bool BYPASS_NVAPI = false;
 
     typedef uintptr_t *(*NvAPI_QueryInterface_t)(unsigned int);
+
     static NvAPI_QueryInterface_t NvAPI_QueryInterface_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds) *NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId) *NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId_orig = nullptr;
 
     static uintptr_t* __cdecl NvAPI_QueryInterface_hook(unsigned int func_code);
+    static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_hook(
+        NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,
+        NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS *pDisplayIds,
+        NvU32 *pDisplayIdCount,
+        NvU32 flags);
     static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_hook(
         NvU32 pathInfoCount, NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *pathInfo, NvU32 flags);
 
     void initialize(HINSTANCE dll) {
-
 #ifdef SPICE64
         std::string nvapi_dll = "nvapi64.dll";
 #else
@@ -40,6 +48,18 @@ namespace nvapi_hook {
             return nullptr;
         }
 
+        // spoof display connector types only for SDVX
+        if (func_code == 0x0078DBA2 && avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+            NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_orig =
+                reinterpret_cast<decltype(NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds) *>(
+                    NvAPI_QueryInterface_orig(func_code));
+            NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId_orig =
+                reinterpret_cast<decltype(NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId) *>(
+                    NvAPI_QueryInterface_orig(0x1E9D8A31));
+            log_misc("nvapi_hook", "NvAPI_QueryInterface(NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds) - hooked");
+            return (uintptr_t *)NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_hook;
+        }
+
         // NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig
         if (func_code == 0x5D8CF8DE) { 
             log_misc("nvapi_hook", "NvAPI_QueryInterface(NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig) - hooked");
@@ -51,8 +71,53 @@ namespace nvapi_hook {
         return NvAPI_QueryInterface_orig(func_code);
     }
 
+    NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_hook(
+            NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,
+            NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS *pDisplayIds,
+            NvU32 *pDisplayIdCount,
+            NvU32 flags) {
+
+        if (NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_orig == nullptr) {
+            return NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION;
+        }
+
+        const NvAPI_Status status = NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_orig(
+            hPhysicalGpu,
+            pDisplayIds,
+            pDisplayIdCount,
+            flags);
+
+        if (status != NVAPI_OK || pDisplayIds == nullptr || pDisplayIdCount == nullptr ||
+            NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId_orig == nullptr) {
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        NvU32 primary_display_id = 0;
+        if (NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId_orig(&primary_display_id) != NVAPI_OK) {
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        // report the primary display adapter as DP and all other displays as HDMI
+        // (the game expects this since the VM cab is like that)
+        //
+        // this doesn't actually affect gameplay; only how
+        //    NvDisplayConfig: MainDisplay={}hz / SubDisplay={}hz
+        // gets printed.
+        //
+        // for the actual value that matters for gameplay, it's this:
+        //     NvDisplayConfig: GetMainDisplayRefreshRate = {}hz
+        for (NvU32 index = 0; index < *pDisplayIdCount; index++) {
+            auto &display = pDisplayIds[index];
+            display.connectorType = display.displayId == primary_display_id ?
+                NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_DP : NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_HDMI;
+        }
+
+        return status;
+    }
+
     NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_hook(
         NvU32 pathInfoCount, NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *pathInfo, NvU32 flags) {
+        // do not let the game apply its emulated cabinet topology to Windows
         log_misc("nvapi_hook", "NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_hook - do nothing and return");
         return NVAPI_OK;
     }

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/nvapi_impl.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+#include "nvapi_impl.h"
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "external/nvapi/nvapi.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/sysutils.h"
+
+namespace nvapi_impl {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr unsigned int NVAPI_INITIALIZE_ID = 0x0150E828;
+constexpr unsigned int NVAPI_INITIALIZE_EX_ID = 0xAD298D3F;
+constexpr unsigned int NVAPI_UNLOAD_ID = 0xD22BDD7E;
+constexpr unsigned int NVAPI_ENUM_PHYSICAL_GPUS_ID = 0xE5AC921F;
+constexpr unsigned int NVAPI_GPU_GET_CONNECTED_DISPLAY_IDS_ID = 0x0078DBA2;
+constexpr unsigned int NVAPI_DISP_GET_GDI_PRIMARY_DISPLAY_ID = 0x1E9D8A31;
+constexpr unsigned int NVAPI_DISP_GET_DISPLAY_CONFIG_ID = 0x11ABCCF8;
+constexpr unsigned int NVAPI_DISP_SET_DISPLAY_CONFIG_ID = 0x5D8CF8DE;
+
+constexpr char NVAPI_DLL_NAME_A[] = "nvapi64.dll";
+
+struct SyntheticDisplay {
+    NvU32 display_id;
+    NvU32 width;
+    NvU32 height;
+    NvU32 color_depth;
+    NvS32 x;
+    NvS32 y;
+    NvU32 refresh_rate_1k;
+    NV_ROTATE rotation;
+    bool primary;
+};
+
+static bool provider_initialized = false;
+static bool nvapi_initialized = false;
+static int gpu_handle_storage = 0;
+// snapshot of the Win32 display state exposed through synthetic NVAPI
+static std::vector<SyntheticDisplay> displays;
+
+static NvPhysicalGpuHandle get_gpu_handle() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<NvPhysicalGpuHandle>(&gpu_handle_storage);
+}
+
+static NV_ROTATE get_rotation(DWORD orientation) {
+    switch (orientation) {
+        case DMDO_90:
+            return NV_ROTATE_90;
+        case DMDO_180:
+            return NV_ROTATE_180;
+        case DMDO_270:
+            return NV_ROTATE_270;
+        default:
+            return NV_ROTATE_0;
+    }
+}
+
+static std::vector<SyntheticDisplay> enumerate_displays(
+        uint32_t main_refresh_hz,
+        uint32_t sub_refresh_hz) {
+
+    std::vector<SyntheticDisplay> result;
+
+    // reuse the active monitor list, then read live modes after -mainmonitor changes
+    for (const auto &monitor : sysutils::enumerate_monitors()) {
+        DEVMODEA mode {};
+        mode.dmSize = sizeof(mode);
+        if (!EnumDisplaySettingsExA(
+                monitor.display_name.c_str(),
+                ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,
+                &mode,
+                0)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const bool primary = mode.dmPosition.x == 0 && mode.dmPosition.y == 0;
+        result.push_back({
+            .display_id = 0,
+            .width = mode.dmPelsWidth,
+            .height = mode.dmPelsHeight,
+            .color_depth = mode.dmBitsPerPel > 0 ? mode.dmBitsPerPel : 32,
+            .x = mode.dmPosition.x,
+            .y = mode.dmPosition.y,
+            .refresh_rate_1k = 0,
+            .rotation = get_rotation(mode.dmDisplayOrientation),
+            .primary = primary,
+        });
+    }
+
+    std::stable_sort(result.begin(), result.end(), [](const auto &left, const auto &right) {
+        return left.primary && !right.primary;
+    });
+
+    if (result.size() > 2) {
+        result.resize(2);
+    }
+
+    if (result.empty()) {
+        result.push_back({
+            .display_id = 0,
+            .width = 1920,
+            .height = 1080,
+            .color_depth = 32,
+            .x = 0,
+            .y = 0,
+            .refresh_rate_1k = 0,
+            .rotation = NV_ROTATE_0,
+            .primary = true,
+        });
+    }
+
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < result.size(); index++) {
+        auto &display = result[index];
+        display.primary = index == 0;
+        display.display_id = 0x80000000u | static_cast<NvU32>(index + 1);
+        const uint32_t refresh_hz = index == 0 ? main_refresh_hz : sub_refresh_hz;
+        display.refresh_rate_1k = refresh_hz * 1000;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// initializes NVAPI for the calling process.
+// marks the synthetic provider initialized without contacting a driver.
+static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_Initialize_impl() {
+    log_misc("nvapi_impl", "NvAPI_Initialize");
+    nvapi_initialized = true;
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+// initializes NVAPI with additional client flags.
+// accepts the flags and marks the synthetic provider initialized.
+static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_InitializeEx_impl(NvU32 flags) {
+    log_misc("nvapi_impl", "NvAPI_InitializeEx(flags={:#x})", flags);
+    nvapi_initialized = true;
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+// releases NVAPI state held for the calling process.
+// clears the synthetic initialization state while leaving the provider installed.
+static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_Unload_impl() {
+    log_misc("nvapi_impl", "NvAPI_Unload");
+    nvapi_initialized = false;
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+// enumerates physical GPU handles managed by the NVIDIA driver.
+// returns one stable synthetic GPU containing all exposed displays.
+static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs_impl(
+        NvPhysicalGpuHandle gpu_handles[NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS],
+        NvU32 *gpu_count) {
+
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs(handles={}, count={})",
+        fmt::ptr(gpu_handles),
+        fmt::ptr(gpu_count));
+
+    if (!nvapi_initialized) {
+        return NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+    if (gpu_handles == nullptr || gpu_count == nullptr) {
+        return NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    gpu_handles[0] = get_gpu_handle();
+    *gpu_count = 1;
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs - gpu={}, count={}",
+        fmt::ptr(gpu_handles[0]),
+        *gpu_count);
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+// returns connected display descriptors for a physical GPU.
+// exposes the monitor snapshot as DP primary and HDMI secondary displays.
+static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_impl(
+        NvPhysicalGpuHandle gpu_handle,
+        NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS *display_ids,
+        NvU32 *display_id_count,
+        NvU32 flags) {
+
+    const NvU32 input_count = display_id_count != nullptr ? *display_id_count : 0;
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds(gpu={}, ids={}, count={}, flags={:#x})",
+        fmt::ptr(gpu_handle),
+        fmt::ptr(display_ids),
+        input_count,
+        flags);
+
+    if (!nvapi_initialized) {
+        return NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+    if (gpu_handle != get_gpu_handle()) {
+        return NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE;
+    }
+    if (display_id_count == nullptr) {
+        return NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    const NvU32 required_count = static_cast<NvU32>(displays.size());
+    if (display_ids == nullptr) {
+        *display_id_count = required_count;
+        log_misc(
+            "nvapi_impl",
+            "NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds - required_count={}",
+            required_count);
+        return NVAPI_OK;
+    }
+
+    const NvU32 capacity = *display_id_count;
+    *display_id_count = required_count;
+    if (capacity < required_count) {
+        return NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
+    }
+
+    for (NvU32 index = 0; index < required_count; index++) {
+        const auto &source = displays[index];
+        auto &destination = display_ids[index];
+        destination = {};
+        destination.version = NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS_VER;
+        destination.connectorType = source.primary ?
+            NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_DP : NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_HDMI;
+        destination.displayId = source.display_id;
+        destination.isActive = 1;
+        destination.isOSVisible = 1;
+        destination.isConnected = 1;
+        destination.isPhysicallyConnected = 1;
+    }
+
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds - returned_count={}",
+        required_count);
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+// returns the NVAPI display ID associated with the Windows GDI primary.
+// returns the first synthetic display, ordered from the live desktop origin.
+static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId_impl(NvU32 *display_id) {
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId(display_id={})",
+        fmt::ptr(display_id));
+
+    if (!nvapi_initialized) {
+        return NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+    if (display_id == nullptr || displays.empty()) {
+        return NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    *display_id = displays.front().display_id;
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId - display_id={:#x}",
+        *display_id);
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+static void fill_source_mode(
+        NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE_INFO *destination,
+        const SyntheticDisplay &source) {
+
+    if (destination == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    *destination = {};
+    destination->resolution.width = source.width;
+    destination->resolution.height = source.height;
+    destination->resolution.colorDepth = source.color_depth;
+    destination->colorFormat = NV_FORMAT_A8R8G8B8;
+    destination->position.x = source.x;
+    destination->position.y = source.y;
+    destination->spanningOrientation = NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SPAN_NONE;
+    destination->bGDIPrimary = source.primary ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static NvAPI_Status fill_target(
+        NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO *destination,
+        const SyntheticDisplay &source,
+        NvU32 target_id) {
+
+    if (destination == nullptr) {
+        return NVAPI_OK;
+    }
+
+    auto *details = destination->details;
+    destination->displayId = source.display_id;
+    destination->targetId = target_id;
+
+    if (details == nullptr) {
+        return NVAPI_OK;
+    }
+    if (details->version != NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_VER) {
+        return NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION;
+    }
+
+    *details = {};
+    details->version = NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_VER;
+    details->rotation = source.rotation;
+    details->scaling = NV_SCALING_DEFAULT;
+    details->refreshRate1K = source.refresh_rate_1k;
+    details->timingOverride = NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_CURRENT;
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+// retrieves the current global display topology through NVAPI's three-pass contract.
+// fills caller-owned buffers from the synthetic monitor snapshot and configured rates.
+static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig_impl(
+        NvU32 *path_info_count,
+        NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *path_info) {
+
+    const NvU32 input_count = path_info_count != nullptr ? *path_info_count : 0;
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig(count={}, paths={})",
+        input_count,
+        fmt::ptr(path_info));
+
+    if (!nvapi_initialized) {
+        return NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+    if (path_info_count == nullptr) {
+        return NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    const NvU32 required_count = static_cast<NvU32>(displays.size());
+    if (path_info == nullptr) {
+        *path_info_count = required_count;
+        log_misc(
+            "nvapi_impl",
+            "NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig - required_count={}",
+            required_count);
+        return NVAPI_OK;
+    }
+
+    const NvU32 capacity = *path_info_count;
+    *path_info_count = required_count;
+    if (capacity < required_count) {
+        return NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
+    }
+
+    for (NvU32 index = 0; index < required_count; index++) {
+        auto &path = path_info[index];
+        if (path.version != NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_VER2) {
+            return NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION;
+        }
+        if (path.targetInfo != nullptr && path.targetInfoCount < 1) {
+            return NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
+        }
+
+        const auto &display = displays[index];
+        path.sourceId = index;
+        path.targetInfoCount = 1;
+        path.IsNonNVIDIAAdapter = 0;
+        path.pOSAdapterID = nullptr;
+        fill_source_mode(path.sourceModeInfo, display);
+
+        const NvAPI_Status status = fill_target(path.targetInfo, display, index);
+        if (status != NVAPI_OK) {
+            return status;
+        }
+    }
+
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig - returned_count={}",
+        required_count);
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+// applies a supplied global display topology through the NVIDIA driver.
+// accepts the cabinet topology without making any changes to Windows.
+static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_impl(
+        NvU32 path_info_count,
+        NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *path_info,
+        NvU32 flags) {
+
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig(count={}, paths={}, flags={:#x})",
+        path_info_count,
+        fmt::ptr(path_info),
+        flags);
+
+    if (!nvapi_initialized) {
+        return NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    log_misc("nvapi_impl", "NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig - return synthetic success");
+    return NVAPI_OK;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static uintptr_t *query_result(T function) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(function);
+}
+
+// resolves an NVAPI function ID to its implementation address.
+// exposes only the synthetic entry points used by KFC and rejects all others.
+static uintptr_t *__cdecl NvAPI_QueryInterface_impl(unsigned int function_id) {
+    uintptr_t *result = nullptr;
+    switch (function_id) {
+        case NVAPI_INITIALIZE_ID:
+            result = query_result(NvAPI_Initialize_impl);
+            break;
+        case NVAPI_INITIALIZE_EX_ID:
+            result = query_result(NvAPI_InitializeEx_impl);
+            break;
+        case NVAPI_UNLOAD_ID:
+            result = query_result(NvAPI_Unload_impl);
+            break;
+        case NVAPI_ENUM_PHYSICAL_GPUS_ID:
+            result = query_result(NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs_impl);
+            break;
+        case NVAPI_GPU_GET_CONNECTED_DISPLAY_IDS_ID:
+            result = query_result(NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds_impl);
+            break;
+        case NVAPI_DISP_GET_GDI_PRIMARY_DISPLAY_ID:
+            result = query_result(NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId_impl);
+            break;
+        case NVAPI_DISP_GET_DISPLAY_CONFIG_ID:
+            result = query_result(NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig_impl);
+            break;
+        case NVAPI_DISP_SET_DISPLAY_CONFIG_ID:
+            result = query_result(NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_impl);
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    log_misc(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x{:x}) - {}",
+        function_id,
+        result != nullptr ? "implemented" : "unsupported");
+    return result;
+}
+
+}
+
+bool initialize(HINSTANCE dll, uint32_t main_refresh_hz, uint32_t sub_refresh_hz) {
+    if (provider_initialized) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (dll == nullptr) {
+        log_warning("nvapi_impl", "invalid synthetic module handle");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    displays = enumerate_displays(main_refresh_hz, sub_refresh_hz);
+    libraryhook_hook_library(NVAPI_DLL_NAME_A, dll);
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("nvapi_QueryInterface", NvAPI_QueryInterface_impl);
+    libraryhook_enable();
+
+    provider_initialized = true;
+    log_info(
+        "nvapi_impl",
+        "synthetic {} enabled with {} display(s), main={} Hz, sub={} Hz",
+        NVAPI_DLL_NAME_A,
+        displays.size(),
+        main_refresh_hz,
+        sub_refresh_hz);
+    return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

src/spice2x/hooks/graphics/nvapi_impl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace nvapi_impl {
+
+bool initialize(HINSTANCE dll, uint32_t main_refresh_hz, uint32_t sub_refresh_hz);
+
+}
+
+#endif

src/spice2x/hooks/lang.cpp

@@ -296,8 +296,9 @@ void hooks::lang::early_init() {
             &GetLocaleInfoA_orig);
     }
 
-    // for TDJ subscreen search keyboard
-    if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && games::iidx::TDJ_MODE) {
+    // for TDJ subscreen search keyboard and T44 narrow-string handling
+    if ((avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && games::iidx::TDJ_MODE) ||
+        avs::game::is_model("T44")) {
         log_info("hooks::lang", "hooking IsDBCSLeadByte");
         detour::trampoline_try(
             "kernel32.dll",
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ void hooks::lang::early_init() {
             &IsDBCSLeadByte_orig);
     }
 
-    if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model()) {
+    if (games::gitadora::is_arena_model() || avs::game::is_model("T44")) {
         log_info("hooks::lang", "hooking WideCharToMultiByte");
         detour::trampoline_try(
             "kernel32.dll",

src/spice2x/hooks/libraryhook.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, FARPROC> PROCS;
 
 static decltype(LoadLibraryA) *LoadLibraryA_orig = nullptr;
 static decltype(LoadLibraryW) *LoadLibraryW_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(LoadLibraryExW) *LoadLibraryExW_orig = nullptr;
 static decltype(GetModuleHandleA) *GetModuleHandleA_orig = nullptr;
 static decltype(GetModuleHandleW) *GetModuleHandleW_orig = nullptr;
 static decltype(GetProcAddress) *GetProcAddress_orig = nullptr;
@@ -44,6 +45,20 @@ static HMODULE WINAPI LoadLibraryW_hook(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
     return LoadLibraryW_orig(lpFileName);
 }
 
+static HMODULE WINAPI LoadLibraryExW_hook(LPCWSTR lpFileName, HANDLE hFile, DWORD dwFlags) {
+
+    // check hooks
+    if (lpFileName) {
+        auto module = LIBRARIES_W.find(lpFileName);
+        if (module != LIBRARIES_W.end()) {
+            return module->second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return LoadLibraryExW_orig(lpFileName, hFile, dwFlags);
+}
+
 static HMODULE WINAPI GetModuleHandleA_hook(LPCSTR lpModuleName) {
 
     // check hooks
@@ -103,6 +118,7 @@ void libraryhook_enable(HMODULE module) {
     // detour
     detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "LoadLibraryA", LoadLibraryA_hook, &LoadLibraryA_orig);
     detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "LoadLibraryW", LoadLibraryW_hook, &LoadLibraryW_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "LoadLibraryExW", LoadLibraryExW_hook, &LoadLibraryExW_orig);
     detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetModuleHandleA", GetModuleHandleA_hook, &GetModuleHandleA_orig);
     detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetModuleHandleW", GetModuleHandleW_hook, &GetModuleHandleW_orig);
     detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetProcAddress", GetProcAddress_hook, &GetProcAddress_orig);

src/spice2x/launcher/launcher.cpp

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
 #include "games/gitadora/gitadora.h"
 #include "games/hpm/hpm.h"
 #include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "games/iidx/poke.h"
 #ifdef SPICE64
 #include "games/iidx/camera.h"
 #endif
-#include "games/iidx/poke.h"
 #include "games/jb/jb.h"
 #include "games/mga/mga.h"
 #include "games/nost/nost.h"
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 #include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
 #include "overlay/overlay.h"
 #include "overlay/notifications.h"
-#include "overlay/windows/patch_manager.h"
+#include "patcher/patch_manager.h"
 #include "overlay/windows/iidx_seg.h"
 #include "overlay/windows/obs.h"
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
@@ -379,6 +379,7 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     }
     if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXNoSub].value_bool()) {
         GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER = true;
+        GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOWS = true;
     }
     if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXNoSub].value_bool()) {
         GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER = true;
@@ -428,9 +429,6 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
     if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_NoD3D9DeviceHook].value_bool()) {
         D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE = true;
-        // touch emulation gets disabled, might as well turn these on
-        games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH = true;
-        games::sdvx::NATIVETOUCH = true;
         // not strictly necessary as it will fail to init anyway, but cleaner to just disable it now
         overlay::ENABLED = false;
         // leaving these on without dx9hooks result in torn state and therefore failure to draw
@@ -490,9 +488,6 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     if (options[launcher::Options::LoadSoundVoltexModule].value_bool()) {
         attach_sdvx = true;
     }
-    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXNativeTouch].value_bool()) {
-        games::sdvx::NATIVETOUCH = true;
-    }
     if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXDigitalKnobSensitivity].is_active()) {
         games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS = (uint8_t)
             options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXDigitalKnobSensitivity].value_uint32();
@@ -593,9 +588,6 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXNoESpec].value_bool()) {
         games::iidx::DISABLE_ESPEC_IO = true;
     }
-    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXNativeTouch].value_bool()) {
-        games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH = true;
-    }
     // should come later since this will override a few settings
     if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXWindowedTDJ].value_bool() ||
         (options[launcher::Options::IIDXTDJMode].value_bool() && GRAPHICS_WINDOWED)) {
@@ -643,9 +635,6 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     if (options[launcher::Options::PopnSubMonitorOverride].is_active()) {
         sysutils::SECOND_MONITOR_OVERRIDE = options[launcher::Options::PopnSubMonitorOverride].value_text();
     }
-    if (options[launcher::Options::PopnNativeTouch].value_bool()) {
-        games::popn::NATIVE_TOUCH = true;
-    }
     if (options[launcher::Options::PopnSubRedraw].value_bool()) {
         SUBSCREEN_FORCE_REDRAW = true;
     }
@@ -655,6 +644,9 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     if (options[launcher::Options::LoadGitaDoraModule].value_bool()) {
         attach_gitadora = true;
     }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraDisableFrameLimiter].value_bool()) {
+        games::gitadora::DISABLE_FRAME_LIMITER = true;
+    }
     if (options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraCabinetType].is_active()) {
         games::gitadora::CAB_TYPE = options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraCabinetType].value_uint32();
     }
@@ -889,7 +881,7 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
             options[launcher::Options::ScreenResizeConfigPath].value_text();
     }
     if (options[launcher::Options::PatchManagerConfigPath].is_active()) {
-        overlay::windows::PATCH_MANAGER_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE =
+        patcher::PATCH_MANAGER_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE =
             options[launcher::Options::PatchManagerConfigPath].value_text();
     }
     if (options[launcher::Options::PathToAppConfig].is_active()) {
@@ -1286,6 +1278,14 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_MONITOR =
             options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraWindowedSmallMonitor].value_text();
     }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraWindowedSmallSize].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_SIZE =
+            options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraWindowedSmallSize].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraWindowedSmallPosition].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_GITADORA_SMALL_POS =
+            options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraWindowedSmallPosition].value_text();
+    }
 
     // IIDX/SDVX Windowed Subscreen
     if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenSize].is_active()) {
@@ -1705,18 +1705,13 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         }
     }
 
-    // SDVXFullscreenLandscape disabled due to it messing with in-game camera angle
-    // FullscreenOrientationFlip continues to live on, however.
-    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXFullscreenLandscape].value_bool() && !cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
-        log_fatal("launcher", "-sdvxlandscape removed due to a camera bug in SDVX!");
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXFullscreenLandscape].value_bool() && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+#if SPICE64
+        GRAPHICS_FS_ORIENTATION_SWAP = true;
+#else
+        log_warning("launcher", "-sdvxlandscape is not supported in 32-bit SDVX, ignoring...");
+#endif
     }
-//  if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXFullscreenLandscape].value_bool() && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
-// #if SPICE64
-//         GRAPHICS_FS_ORIENTATION_SWAP = true;
-// #else
-//         log_warning("launcher", "-sdvxlandscape is not supported in 32-bit SDVX, ignoring...");
-// #endif
-//   }
 
     if (options[launcher::Options::FullscreenOrientationFlip].value_bool() && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
         GRAPHICS_FS_ORIENTATION_SWAP = true;
@@ -1786,10 +1781,19 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         // enable subscreen touch emulation
         if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXEmulateSubscreenKeypadTouch].is_active()) {
-            games::iidx::poke::enable();
+            games::iidx::ENABLE_POKE = true;
         }
         if (options[launcher::Options::NostalgiaPoke].is_active()) {
-            games::nost::ENABLE_POKE = TRUE;
+            games::nost::ENABLE_POKE = true;
+        }
+        if (options[launcher::Options::NostalgiaTouchMode].is_active()) {
+            if (overlay::ENABLED) {
+                games::nost::ENABLE_TOUCH_MODE = true;
+            } else {
+                log_warning(
+                    "launcher",
+                    "Nostalgia Touch Mode requires the global overlay; ignoring -nosttouch");
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1849,6 +1853,13 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 break;
             }
 
+            if (check_dll("jubeat2019.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "jubeat2019.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_jb = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
             // RB
             if (check_dll("reflecbeat.dll")) {
                 avs::game::DLL_NAME = "reflecbeat.dll";
@@ -2277,7 +2288,7 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         games.push_back(new games::sdvx::SDVXGame());
     }
     if (attach_jb) {
-        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("jubeat.dll");
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size(avs::game::DLL_NAME);
         games.push_back(new games::jb::JBGame());
     }
     if (attach_nostalgia) {
@@ -2517,10 +2528,8 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     // copy defaults to nvram
     avs::core::copy_defaults();
 
-    // prepare patches
-    {
-        overlay::windows::PatchManager patch_manager(nullptr, false);
-    }
+    // prepare patches (registers the DLL-load notification before the game DLL loads)
+    patcher::init();
 
     // load game
     avs::game::load_dll();
@@ -2648,9 +2657,7 @@ int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     }
 
     // apply patches
-    {
-        overlay::windows::PatchManager patch_manager(nullptr, true);
-    }
+    patcher::apply_patches_on_start();
 
     // load AVS-EA3
     avs::ea3::boot(easrv_port, easrv_maint, easrv_smart);

src/spice2x/launcher/options.cpp

@@ -330,9 +330,8 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
         .desc =
             "Allows you to play portrait games in landscape (and vice versa) by transposing resolution and applying image scaling.\n\n"
             "Works great for some games, but can COMPLETELY BREAK other games - YMMV!\n\n"
-            "Strongly consider combining this with -forceres option to render at monitor native resolution\n\n"
-            "WARNING: for SDVX, this messes with camera angle for note lanes, causing it to be zoomed out, and causes performance issues "
-            "with Live2D!",
+            "Strongly consider combining this with -forceres option to render at monitor native resolution.\n\n"
+            "For SDVX, use the dedicated -sdvxlandscape option.",
         .type = OptionType::Bool,
         .hidden = true,
         .category = "Full Screen Settings"
@@ -962,13 +961,12 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
         .category = "Cab Peripherals",
     },
     {
-        .title = "SDVX FS Subscreen Native Touch Handling",
+        .title = "SDVX Native Touch (DEPRECATED - no longer needed)",
         .name = "sdvxnativetouch",
-        .desc = "Disables touch hooks and lets the game access a touch screen directly. "
-                "Requires a touch screen to be connected as a secondary monitor. "
-                "Touch input must be routed to the primary screen via Windows Tablet PC settings. "
-                "Enable this when you get duplicate touch inputs from an actual touch screen.",
+        .desc = "This option does nothing.\n\n"
+            "Native touch handling is now enabled by default and this option is no longer needed.",
         .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
         .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
         .category = "Advanced Game Options",
     },
@@ -1159,13 +1157,12 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
     },
     {
         // PopnNativeTouch
-        .title = "Pop'n Music PikaPika Native Touch Handling",
+        .title = "Pop'n Music Native Touch (DEPRECATED - no longer needed)",
         .name = "popnnativetouch",
-        .desc = "Disables touch hooks and lets the game access a touch screen directly. "
-                "Requires a touch screen to be connected as a secondary monitor. "
-                "Touch input must be routed to the primary screen via Windows Tablet PC settings. "
-                "Enable this when you get duplicate touch inputs from an actual touch screen.",
+        .desc = "This option does nothing.\n\n"
+            "Native touch handling is now enabled by default and this option is no longer needed.",
         .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
         .game_name = "Pop'n Music",
         .category = "Advanced Game Options",
     },
@@ -1205,6 +1202,19 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
         .category = "Game Options",
         .quick_setting_category = "Game",
     },
+    {
+        .title = "GitaDora Disable Frame Limiter (EXPERIMENTAL)",
+        .name = "gdnoframelimiter",
+        .desc = "Only for GITADORA to GALAXY WAVE; not for XG series or Arena Model.\n\n"
+            "Game engine's built-in frame limiter can result in unstable frame pacing "
+            "(around 56-58 FPS) on modern Windows. Turning this on disables that and "
+            "forces the game to rely on V-Sync instead, resulting in a stable FPS.\n\n"
+            "Ensure your monitors are set to 60Hz.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "GitaDora",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+        .quick_setting_category = "Game",
+    },
     {
         .title = "GitaDora Cabinet Type",
         .name = "gdcabtype",
@@ -1301,7 +1311,9 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
         .name = "gdalayout",
         .desc = "For Arena Model: select how many windows to create.\n\n"
             "1 window: main only; use the subscreen overlay for SMALL.\n\n"
-            "2 windows: main + SMALL. Note: currently only works for windowed mode, broken for fullscreen.\n\n"
+            "2 windows: main + SMALL. Without -w, this uses native D3D9 adapter-group fullscreen "
+            "with physical MAIN/SMALL and virtual LEFT/RIGHT. It requires two active displays on "
+            "one adapter group. With -w, it uses borderless windows instead.\n\n"
             "4 windows: main + LEFT + RIGHT + SMALL. Fullscreen requires exactly 4 monitors in the "
             "right resolution; see wiki for details.",
         .type = OptionType::Enum,
@@ -1793,10 +1805,10 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
         .category = "Touch Parameters",
     },
     {
-        .title = "Force Touch Emulation",
+        .title = "Force Legacy Touch Emulation",
         .name = "touchemuforce",
         .desc = "Force enable hook for GetTouchInputInfo API and inject WM_TOUCH events. "
-                "This is automatically enabled when needed and is typically not required. Do not enable this unless you have trouble.",
+            "Do not enable this unless you have trouble with using a mouse to emulate touch input.",
         .type = OptionType::Bool,
         .category = "Touch Parameters",
     },
@@ -2167,7 +2179,6 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
             {"25", "+25 dB"},
             {"30", "+30 dB"},
         },
-        .quick_setting_category = "Audio",
     },
     {
         // AudioResample
@@ -2644,6 +2655,26 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
         .category = "Game Windowed Settings",
         .picker = OptionPickerType::Monitor,
     },
+    {
+        // GitaDoraWindowedSmallSize
+        .title = "GitaDora Windowed SMALL Size",
+        .name = "gdwsmallsize",
+        .desc = "Size of the GITADORA Arena SMALL touch window. Defaults to (800,1280).",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "800,1280",
+        .game_name = "GitaDora",
+        .category = "Game Windowed Settings",
+    },
+    {
+        // GitaDoraWindowedSmallPosition
+        .title = "GitaDora Windowed SMALL Position",
+        .name = "gdwsmallpos",
+        .desc = "Initial position of the GITADORA Arena SMALL touch window. Defaults to (0,0).",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "0,0",
+        .game_name = "GitaDora",
+        .category = "Game Windowed Settings",
+    },
     {
         // spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenSize
         .title = "IIDX Windowed Subscreen Size",
@@ -2870,15 +2901,14 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
     },
     {
         // spice2x_IIDXNativeTouch
-        .title = "IIDX TDJ Subscreen Native Touch Handling",
+        .title = "IIDX Native Touch (DEPRECATED - no longer needed)",
         .name = "sp2x-iidxnativetouch",
         .display_name = "iidxnativetouch",
         .aliases= "iidxnativetouch",
-        .desc = "Disables touch hooks and lets the game access a touch screen directly. "
-                "Requires a touch screen to be connected as a secondary monitor. "
-                "Touch input must be routed to the primary screen via Windows Tablet PC settings. "
-                "Enable this when you get duplicate touch inputs from an actual touch screen.",
+        .desc = "This option does nothing.\n\n"
+            "Native touch handling is now enabled by default and this option is no longer needed.",
         .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
         .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
         .category = "Advanced Game Options",
     },
@@ -2995,17 +3025,17 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
     },
     {
         // SDVXFullscreenLandscape
-        .title = "(DISABLED) SDVX Landscape Mode (SDVX5+)",
+        .title = "SDVX Full Screen Landscape Mode (SDVX5+, EXPERIMENTAL)",
         .name = "sdvxlandscape",
         .desc =
-            "Option HIDDEN and DISABLED due to it affecting in-game camera angle for displaying lanes.\n\n"
             "Allows you to play in landscape by transposing resolution and applying image scaling.\n\n"
-            "Works only for SDVX5 and above! This is identical to -forceresswap.\n\n"
+            "Corrects the in-game perspective camera for the transposed display aspect ratio.\n\n"
+            "Works only for SDVX5 and above.\n\n"
             "Will launch at 1080p by default; strongly consider combining this with -forceres option to render at monitor native resolution.",
         .type = OptionType::Bool,
-        .hidden = true,
         .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
         .category = "Game Options",
+        .quick_setting_category = "Game",
     },
     {
         // spice2x_EnableSMXStage
@@ -3132,6 +3162,21 @@ static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
         .type = OptionType::Bool,
         .game_name = "Nostalgia",
         .category = "Game Options",
+        .quick_setting_category = "Game",
+    },
+    {
+        // NostalgiaTouchMode
+        .title = "Nostalgia Touch Piano",
+        .name = "nosttouch",
+        .desc =
+            "Allows you to play the piano by touching the screen instead of a controller. "
+            "Use the mode switch button to toggle between interacting with the menu and playing the piano.\n\n"
+            "Velocity sensitivity is not supported. Touch targets will be pixel-perfect aligned with the "
+            "judgement line, key beams, and notes.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Nostalgia",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+        .quick_setting_category = "Game",
     },
     {
         // ForceBackBufferCount

src/spice2x/launcher/options.h

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ namespace launcher {
             LoadHelloPopnMusicModule,
             LoadGitaDoraModule,
             GitaDoraTwoChannelAudio,
+            GitaDoraDisableFrameLimiter,
             GitaDoraCabinetType,
             GitaDoraLefty,
             GitaDoraWailHold,
@@ -258,6 +259,8 @@ namespace launcher {
             GitaDoraWindowedLeftMonitor,
             GitaDoraWindowedRightMonitor,
             GitaDoraWindowedSmallMonitor,
+            GitaDoraWindowedSmallSize,
+            GitaDoraWindowedSmallPosition,
             spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenSize,
             spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenPosition,
             IIDXWindowedSubscreenBorderless,
@@ -295,6 +298,7 @@ namespace launcher {
             DDRP4IOBufferMode,
             InputRequiresFocus,
             NostalgiaPoke,
+            NostalgiaTouchMode,
             ForceBackBufferCount,
             SDVXWindowedSubscreenSize,
             SDVXWindowedSubscreenPosition,

src/spice2x/launcher/signal.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "signal.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <future>
 #include <exception>
 
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 #endif
 
 static decltype(MiniDumpWriteDump) *MiniDumpWriteDump_local = nullptr;
+static LONG EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ACTIVE = 0;
 
 namespace launcher::signal {
 
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ static std::string control_code(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
     }
 }
 
-static std::string exception_code(struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *ExceptionRecord) {
+static std::string exception_code(const struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *ExceptionRecord) {
     switch (ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode) {
         V(EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION);
         V(EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED);
@@ -77,6 +79,388 @@ static std::string exception_code(struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *ExceptionRecord) {
 
 #undef V
 
+static const char *access_operation(ULONG_PTR operation) {
+    switch (operation) {
+        case 0:
+            return "read";
+        case 1:
+            return "write";
+        case 8:
+            return "execute";
+        default:
+            return "unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+static const char *memory_state(DWORD state) {
+    switch (state) {
+        case MEM_COMMIT:
+            return "committed";
+        case MEM_FREE:
+            return "free";
+        case MEM_RESERVE:
+            return "reserved";
+        default:
+            return "unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+static const char *memory_type(DWORD type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case MEM_IMAGE:
+            return "image";
+        case MEM_MAPPED:
+            return "mapped";
+        case MEM_PRIVATE:
+            return "private";
+        default:
+            return "none";
+    }
+}
+
+static const char *memory_protection(DWORD protection) {
+    switch (protection & 0xff) {
+        case PAGE_EXECUTE:
+            return "execute";
+        case PAGE_EXECUTE_READ:
+            return "execute-read";
+        case PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE:
+            return "execute-read-write";
+        case PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY:
+            return "execute-write-copy";
+        case PAGE_NOACCESS:
+            return "no-access";
+        case PAGE_READONLY:
+            return "read-only";
+        case PAGE_READWRITE:
+            return "read-write";
+        case PAGE_WRITECOPY:
+            return "write-copy";
+        default:
+            return "none";
+    }
+}
+
+static void log_exception_parameters(const struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *record) {
+    const auto parameter_count = record->NumberParameters <= EXCEPTION_MAXIMUM_PARAMETERS ?
+            record->NumberParameters : EXCEPTION_MAXIMUM_PARAMETERS;
+
+    log_warning("signal", "exception flags: 0x{:08x}, parameters: {}",
+            record->ExceptionFlags, parameter_count);
+
+    for (DWORD parameter = 0; parameter < parameter_count; parameter++) {
+#ifdef _WIN64
+        log_warning("signal", "exception parameter[{}]: {:016x}",
+                parameter, record->ExceptionInformation[parameter]);
+#else
+        log_warning("signal", "exception parameter[{}]: {:08x}",
+                parameter, record->ExceptionInformation[parameter]);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+static bool query_memory(const void *address, MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION *memory) {
+    return VirtualQuery(address, memory, sizeof(*memory)) == sizeof(*memory);
+}
+
+static void log_memory_information(const char *label, const MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION &memory) {
+    log_warning("signal",
+            "{}: base={}, size=0x{:x}, allocation_base={}, state={} (0x{:x}), "
+            "protect={} (0x{:x}), type={} (0x{:x})",
+            label,
+            fmt::ptr(memory.BaseAddress),
+            memory.RegionSize,
+            fmt::ptr(memory.AllocationBase),
+            memory_state(memory.State),
+            memory.State,
+            memory_protection(memory.Protect),
+            memory.Protect,
+            memory_type(memory.Type),
+            memory.Type);
+}
+
+static void log_memory_region(const char *label, const void *address) {
+    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION memory {};
+    if (!query_memory(address, &memory)) {
+        log_warning("signal", "{}: VirtualQuery failed for {}: 0x{:08x}",
+                label, fmt::ptr(address), GetLastError());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_memory_information(label, memory);
+}
+
+static void log_adjacent_memory_regions(const void *address) {
+    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION current {};
+    if (!query_memory(address, &current)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto current_base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(current.BaseAddress);
+    if (current_base > 0) {
+        MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION previous {};
+        if (query_memory(reinterpret_cast<const void *>(current_base - 1), &previous)) {
+            log_memory_information("fault memory previous", previous);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const auto current_end = current_base + current.RegionSize;
+    if (current_end > current_base) {
+        MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION next {};
+        if (query_memory(reinterpret_cast<const void *>(current_end), &next)) {
+            log_memory_information("fault memory next", next);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void log_exception_module(const void *address) {
+    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION memory {};
+    if (!query_memory(address, &memory) || memory.Type != MEM_IMAGE || memory.AllocationBase == nullptr) {
+        log_warning("signal", "exception module: unavailable");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    char module_path[MAX_PATH] {};
+    const auto module = static_cast<HMODULE>(memory.AllocationBase);
+    const auto module_base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(memory.AllocationBase);
+    const auto exception_address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(address);
+    const auto module_length = GetModuleFileNameA(module, module_path, sizeof(module_path));
+
+    if (module_length > 0) {
+        const std::string module_name(module_path, std::min<size_t>(module_length, sizeof(module_path)));
+        log_warning("signal", "exception module: '{}' base={}, rva=0x{:x}",
+            module_name, fmt::ptr(memory.AllocationBase), exception_address - module_base);
+    } else {
+        log_warning("signal", "exception module: base={}, rva=0x{:x}",
+                fmt::ptr(memory.AllocationBase), exception_address - module_base);
+    }
+}
+
+static void log_instruction_bytes(const void *address) {
+    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION memory {};
+    if (!query_memory(address, &memory) ||
+        memory.State != MEM_COMMIT ||
+        (memory.Protect & (PAGE_GUARD | PAGE_NOACCESS)) != 0) {
+        log_warning("signal", "instruction bytes: unavailable");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t max_instruction_bytes = 16;
+    const auto region_end = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(memory.BaseAddress) + memory.RegionSize;
+    const auto instruction_address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(address);
+    const auto available = region_end > instruction_address ? region_end - instruction_address : 0;
+    const auto byte_count = std::min(max_instruction_bytes, static_cast<size_t>(available));
+    uint8_t bytes[max_instruction_bytes] {};
+    SIZE_T bytes_read = 0;
+    if (byte_count == 0 ||
+        !ReadProcessMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), address, bytes, byte_count, &bytes_read)) {
+        log_warning("signal", "instruction bytes: read failed at {}: 0x{:08x}",
+                fmt::ptr(address), GetLastError());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::string byte_string;
+    byte_string.reserve(bytes_read * 3);
+
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < bytes_read; index++) {
+        fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(byte_string), "{:02x}{}",
+                bytes[index], index + 1 < bytes_read ? " " : "");
+    }
+
+    log_warning("signal", "instruction bytes: {}", byte_string);
+}
+
+static void log_stack_context(const CONTEXT *context) {
+    const auto *tib = reinterpret_cast<const NT_TIB *>(NtCurrentTeb());
+    const auto stack_base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(tib->StackBase);
+    const auto stack_limit = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(tib->StackLimit);
+#ifdef _WIN64
+    const auto stack_pointer = static_cast<uintptr_t>(context->Rsp);
+#else
+    const auto stack_pointer = static_cast<uintptr_t>(context->Esp);
+#endif
+    const auto stack_used = stack_base > stack_pointer ? stack_base - stack_pointer : 0;
+    const auto stack_remaining = stack_pointer > stack_limit ? stack_pointer - stack_limit : 0;
+
+    log_warning("signal", "stack: base={}, limit={}, pointer={}, used=0x{:x}, remaining=0x{:x}",
+            fmt::ptr(tib->StackBase),
+            fmt::ptr(tib->StackLimit),
+            fmt::ptr(reinterpret_cast<const void *>(stack_pointer)),
+            stack_used,
+            stack_remaining);
+}
+
+static void log_exception_context(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo, DWORD last_error) {
+    const auto *record = ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord;
+    const auto *context = ExceptionInfo->ContextRecord;
+
+    log_warning("signal", "thread id: {}", GetCurrentThreadId());
+    log_warning("signal", "thread last error (GetLastError()) at exception: 0x{:08x}", last_error);
+    log_warning("signal", "exception address: {}", fmt::ptr(record->ExceptionAddress));
+    log_exception_module(record->ExceptionAddress);
+    log_instruction_bytes(record->ExceptionAddress);
+    log_exception_parameters(record);
+
+    if ((record->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION ||
+         record->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR) &&
+        record->NumberParameters >= 2) {
+        const auto operation = record->ExceptionInformation[0];
+        const auto address = reinterpret_cast<const void *>(record->ExceptionInformation[1]);
+        log_warning("signal", "invalid memory access: {} at {}",
+                access_operation(operation), fmt::ptr(address));
+        log_memory_region("fault memory", address);
+        log_adjacent_memory_regions(address);
+    }
+
+    if (record->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR && record->NumberParameters >= 3) {
+        log_warning("signal", "in-page error status: 0x{:08x}",
+                static_cast<DWORD>(record->ExceptionInformation[2]));
+    }
+
+    if (context == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_stack_context(context);
+
+#ifdef _WIN64
+    log_warning("signal", "registers: rax={:016x} rbx={:016x} rcx={:016x} rdx={:016x}",
+            context->Rax, context->Rbx, context->Rcx, context->Rdx);
+    log_warning("signal", "registers: rsi={:016x} rdi={:016x} rbp={:016x} rsp={:016x}",
+            context->Rsi, context->Rdi, context->Rbp, context->Rsp);
+    log_warning("signal", "registers: r8={:016x} r9={:016x} r10={:016x} r11={:016x}",
+            context->R8, context->R9, context->R10, context->R11);
+    log_warning("signal", "registers: r12={:016x} r13={:016x} r14={:016x} r15={:016x}",
+            context->R12, context->R13, context->R14, context->R15);
+    log_warning("signal", "registers: rip={:016x} eflags={:08x}",
+            context->Rip, context->EFlags);
+#else
+    log_warning("signal", "registers: eax={:08x} ebx={:08x} ecx={:08x} edx={:08x}",
+            context->Eax, context->Ebx, context->Ecx, context->Edx);
+    log_warning("signal", "registers: esi={:08x} edi={:08x} ebp={:08x} esp={:08x}",
+            context->Esi, context->Edi, context->Ebp, context->Esp);
+    log_warning("signal", "registers: eip={:08x} eflags={:08x}",
+            context->Eip, context->EFlags);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void write_minidump(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo) {
+    if (MiniDumpWriteDump_local == nullptr) {
+        log_warning("signal", "minidump creation function not available, skipping");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    HANDLE minidump_file = CreateFileA(
+        "minidump.dmp",
+        GENERIC_WRITE,
+        0,
+        nullptr,
+        CREATE_ALWAYS,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
+        nullptr);
+
+    if (minidump_file == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        log_warning("signal", "failed to create 'minidump.dmp' for minidump: 0x{:08x}",
+                GetLastError());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExceptionParam {};
+    ExceptionParam.ThreadId = GetCurrentThreadId();
+    ExceptionParam.ExceptionPointers = ExceptionInfo;
+    ExceptionParam.ClientPointers = FALSE;
+
+    constexpr auto extended_type = static_cast<MINIDUMP_TYPE>(
+            MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules |
+            MiniDumpWithIndirectlyReferencedMemory |
+            MiniDumpWithProcessThreadData |
+            MiniDumpWithFullMemoryInfo |
+            MiniDumpWithThreadInfo |
+            MiniDumpIgnoreInaccessibleMemory);
+
+    auto written_type = extended_type;
+    auto minidump_written = MiniDumpWriteDump_local(
+        GetCurrentProcess(),
+        GetCurrentProcessId(),
+        minidump_file,
+        extended_type,
+        &ExceptionParam,
+        nullptr,
+        nullptr);
+    auto minidump_error = minidump_written ? ERROR_SUCCESS : GetLastError();
+
+    if (!minidump_written) {
+        log_warning("signal", "failed to write extended minidump: 0x{:08x}; retrying MiniDumpNormal",
+                minidump_error);
+
+        LARGE_INTEGER file_start {};
+        if (SetFilePointerEx(minidump_file, file_start, nullptr, FILE_BEGIN) &&
+            SetEndOfFile(minidump_file)) {
+            written_type = MiniDumpNormal;
+            minidump_written = MiniDumpWriteDump_local(
+                GetCurrentProcess(),
+                GetCurrentProcessId(),
+                minidump_file,
+                MiniDumpNormal,
+                &ExceptionParam,
+                nullptr,
+                nullptr);
+            minidump_error = minidump_written ? ERROR_SUCCESS : GetLastError();
+        } else {
+            minidump_error = GetLastError();
+        }
+    }
+
+    LARGE_INTEGER minidump_size {};
+    const auto minidump_size_available = minidump_written &&
+            GetFileSizeEx(minidump_file, &minidump_size);
+    CloseHandle(minidump_file);
+
+    if (minidump_written) {
+        if (minidump_size_available) {
+            log_info("signal", "wrote minidump to 'minidump.dmp' (type=0x{:08x}, size={} bytes)",
+                    static_cast<unsigned>(written_type), minidump_size.QuadPart);
+        } else {
+            log_info("signal", "wrote minidump to 'minidump.dmp' (type=0x{:08x})",
+                    static_cast<unsigned>(written_type));
+        }
+    } else {
+        log_warning("signal", "failed to write 'minidump.dmp': 0x{:08x}", minidump_error);
+    }
+}
+
+static void log_exception_chain(const struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *record) {
+    constexpr size_t max_exception_chain_depth = 8;
+    auto *record_cause = record->ExceptionRecord;
+    size_t depth = 0;
+
+    while (record_cause != nullptr && depth < max_exception_chain_depth) {
+        struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD cause {};
+        SIZE_T bytes_read = 0;
+        if (!ReadProcessMemory(
+                GetCurrentProcess(),
+                record_cause,
+                &cause,
+                sizeof(cause),
+                &bytes_read) ||
+            bytes_read != sizeof(cause)) {
+            log_warning("signal", "failed to read exception chain record {} at {}: 0x{:08x}",
+                    depth, fmt::ptr(record_cause), GetLastError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_warning("signal", "caused by: {} at {}",
+                exception_code(&cause), fmt::ptr(cause.ExceptionAddress));
+        log_exception_parameters(&cause);
+        record_cause = cause.ExceptionRecord;
+        depth++;
+    }
+
+    if (record_cause != nullptr) {
+        log_warning("signal", "exception chain truncated after {} records", max_exception_chain_depth);
+    }
+}
+
 static BOOL WINAPI HandlerRoutine(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
     log_info("signal", "console ctrl handler called: {}", control_code(dwCtrlType));
 
@@ -90,15 +474,23 @@ static BOOL WINAPI HandlerRoutine(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
 }
 
 static LONG WINAPI TopLevelExceptionFilter(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo) {
+    const auto last_error = GetLastError();
 
     // ignore signal if disabled or no exception info provided
-    if (!launcher::signal::DISABLE && ExceptionInfo != nullptr) {
+    if (!launcher::signal::DISABLE &&
+        ExceptionInfo != nullptr &&
+        ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord != nullptr &&
+        InterlockedCompareExchange(&EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ACTIVE, 1, 0) == 0) {
 
         // get exception record
         struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *ExceptionRecord = ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord;
 
         // print signal
         log_warning("signal", "exception raised: {}", exception_code(ExceptionRecord));
+        log_exception_context(ExceptionInfo, last_error);
+
+        // write the minidump before other diagnostics inspect potentially damaged state
+        write_minidump(ExceptionInfo);
 
         switch (ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode) {
             case EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION:
@@ -128,12 +520,11 @@ static LONG WINAPI TopLevelExceptionFilter(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *Exception
         // (e.g., ACIO init hang due to RTSS)
         deferredlogs::dump_to_logger(true);
 
-        // walk the exception chain
-        struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *record_cause = ExceptionRecord->ExceptionRecord;
-        while (record_cause != nullptr) {
-            log_warning("signal", "caused by: {}", exception_code(record_cause));
-            record_cause = record_cause->ExceptionRecord;
-        }
+        // dump memory information before inspecting potentially damaged exception and stack data
+        memutils::show_available_memory();
+
+        // walk the exception chain with bounded, checked reads
+        log_exception_chain(ExceptionRecord);
 
         // print stacktrace
         StackWalker sw;
@@ -142,47 +533,12 @@ static LONG WINAPI TopLevelExceptionFilter(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *Exception
             log_warning("signal", "failed to print callstack");
         }
 
-        if (MiniDumpWriteDump_local != nullptr) {
-            HANDLE minidump_file = CreateFileA(
-                "minidump.dmp",
-                GENERIC_WRITE,
-                0,
-                nullptr,
-                CREATE_ALWAYS,
-                FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
-                nullptr);
-
-            if (minidump_file != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-                MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExceptionParam {};
-                ExceptionParam.ThreadId = GetCurrentThreadId();
-                ExceptionParam.ExceptionPointers = ExceptionInfo;
-                ExceptionParam.ClientPointers = FALSE;
-
-                MiniDumpWriteDump_local(
-                    GetCurrentProcess(),
-                    GetCurrentProcessId(),
-                    minidump_file,
-                    MiniDumpNormal,
-                    &ExceptionParam,
-                    nullptr,
-                    nullptr);
-
-                CloseHandle(minidump_file);
-            } else {
-                log_warning("signal", "failed to create 'minidump.dmp' for minidump: 0x{:08x}",
-                    GetLastError());
-            }
-        } else {
-            log_warning("signal", "minidump creation function not available, skipping");
-        }
-
-        // dump memory information
-        memutils::show_available_memory();
-
         // this will stall all UI threads for this process
         show_popup_for_crash();
 
         log_fatal("signal", "end");
+
+        InterlockedExchange(&EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ACTIVE, 0);
     }
 
     return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;

src/spice2x/misc/eamuse.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "eamuse.h"
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <thread>
 
@@ -10,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
 #include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
 #include "util/logging.h"
-#include "util/precise_timer.h"
 #include "util/time.h"
 #include "util/utils.h"
 #include "overlay/overlay.h"
@@ -335,7 +335,6 @@ void eamuse_coin_start_thread() {
     COIN_INPUT_THREAD = new std::thread([]() {
         auto overlay_buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
         static bool COIN_INPUT_KEY_STATE = false;
-        timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
         while (COIN_INPUT_THREAD_ACTIVE) {
 
             // check input key
@@ -355,7 +354,7 @@ void eamuse_coin_start_thread() {
             }
 
             // once every two frames
-            timer.sleep(1000 / 30);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000 / 30));
         }
     });
 }
@@ -409,7 +408,6 @@ void eamuse_pin_macro_start_thread() {
         size_t pin_index[2] = {PIN_MACRO_VALUES[0].length(), PIN_MACRO_VALUES[1].length()};
 
         std::optional<uint8_t> active_unit = std::nullopt;
-        timeutils::PreciseSleepTimer timer;
 
         while (PIN_MACRO_THREAD_ACTIVE) {
             // wait for key press or auto-trigger
@@ -438,7 +436,7 @@ void eamuse_pin_macro_start_thread() {
                 }
 
                 if (!active_unit.has_value()) {
-                    timer.sleep(20);
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20));
                     continue;
                 }
             }
@@ -454,22 +452,22 @@ void eamuse_pin_macro_start_thread() {
                     eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(unit, keypad_overrides[char_index]);
                 }
                 pin_index[unit]++;
-                timer.sleep(100);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
 
                 // clear
                 eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(unit, 0);
-                timer.sleep(50);
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
 
                 // end of PIN
                 if (pin_index[unit] == PIN_MACRO_VALUES[unit].length()) {
                     active_unit = std::nullopt;
-                    timer.sleep(120);
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(120));
                 }
 
                 continue;
             }
 
-            timer.sleep(200);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(200));
         }
     });
 }
@@ -675,7 +673,8 @@ void eamuse_autodetect_game() {
         eamuse_set_game("Beatmania IIDX");
     else if (avs::game::is_model("J44") ||
              avs::game::is_model("K44") ||
-             avs::game::is_model("L44"))
+             avs::game::is_model("L44") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("T44"))
         eamuse_set_game("Jubeat");
     else if (avs::game::is_model("KDM"))
         eamuse_set_game("Dance Evolution");

src/spice2x/misc/nativetouchhook.cpp

@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-// enable touch functions - set version to windows 7
-// mingw otherwise doesn't load touch stuff
-#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601
-
-#include "avs/game.h"
-#include "wintouchemu.h"
-#include "rawinput/touch.h"
-#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
-
-#include "util/detour.h"
-#include "util/logging.h"
-
-#define TOUCH_SIMULATE_FAT_FINGERS 0
-#define TOUCH_DEBUG_VERBOSE 0
-
-#if TOUCH_DEBUG_VERBOSE
-#define log_debug(module, format_str, ...) logger::push( \
-    LOG_FORMAT("M", module, format_str, ## __VA_ARGS__), logger::Style::GREY)
-#else
-#define log_debug(module, format_str, ...)
-#endif
-
-namespace nativetouchhook {
-
-    static decltype(GetTouchInputInfo) *GetTouchInputInfo_orig = nullptr;
-
-    static void strip_contact_size(PTOUCHINPUT point) {
-
-#if TOUCH_SIMULATE_FAT_FINGERS
-        point->dwMask |= 0x004;
-        point->cxContact = 80 * 100;
-        point->cyContact = 60 * 100;
-#endif
-
-        // most monitors do not set TOUCHEVENTFMASK_CONTACTAREA, but for
-        // monitors that do set it, IIDX can get very confused (SDVX is not
-        // affected)
-        //
-        // while the test menu and the touch "glow" seem to work properly,
-        // interacting with subscreen menu items or entering PIN becomes
-        // very unpredictable
-        //
-        // to fix this, simply remove the contact area width and height
-        // 
-        // note: test menu > I/O > touch test  gives 5 numbers:
-        //       n: x, y, w, h
-        //       where 
-        //       n is the nth touch input since boot
-        //       x, y are coordinates (center of finger)
-        //       w, h are contact width and height
-        //
-        // when TOUCHEVENTFMASK_CONTACTAREA is not set, w/h will
-        // automatically be seen as 1x1, which works perfectly fine
-
-        log_debug(
-            "touch::native",
-            "[{}, {}] dwMask = 0x{:x}, cxContact = {}, cyContact = {}",
-            point->x / 100,
-            point->y / 100,
-            point->dwMask,
-            point->cxContact,
-            point->cyContact);
-
-        point->dwMask &= ~(0x004ul); // clear TOUCHEVENTFMASK_CONTACTAREA 
-        point->cxContact = 0;
-        point->cyContact = 0;
-    }
-
-    static void flip_touch_points(PTOUCHINPUT point) {
-        point->x = rawinput::touch::DISPLAY_SIZE_X * 100 - point->x;
-        point->y = rawinput::touch::DISPLAY_SIZE_Y * 100 - point->y;
-    }
-
-    static BOOL WINAPI GetTouchInputInfoHook(
-        HTOUCHINPUT hTouchInput, UINT cInputs, PTOUCHINPUT pInputs, int cbSize) {
-
-        // call the original fist
-        const auto result = GetTouchInputInfo_orig(hTouchInput, cInputs, pInputs, cbSize);
-        if (result == 0) {
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        bool flip_values = false;
-        if (avs::game::is_model("KFC") && rawinput::touch::DISPLAY_INITIALIZED) {
-            log_debug(
-                "touch::native", "DISPLAY_ORIENTATION = {}, DISPLAY_SIZE_X = {}, DISPLAY_SIZE_Y = {}",
-                rawinput::touch::DISPLAY_ORIENTATION,
-                rawinput::touch::DISPLAY_SIZE_X,
-                rawinput::touch::DISPLAY_SIZE_Y);
-            if (rawinput::touch::DISPLAY_ORIENTATION == DMDO_270) {
-                flip_values = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (rawinput::touch::INVERTED) {
-            flip_values = !flip_values;
-        }
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < cInputs; i++) {
-            PTOUCHINPUT point = &pInputs[i];
-
-            if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ")) {
-                strip_contact_size(point);
-            }
-
-            if (flip_values) {
-                flip_touch_points(point);
-            }
-        }
-        
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    void hook(HMODULE module) {
-        GetTouchInputInfo_orig = detour::iat_try("GetTouchInputInfo", GetTouchInputInfoHook, module);
-        if (GetTouchInputInfo_orig != nullptr) {
-            log_misc("touch::native", "GetTouchInputInfo hooked");
-        }
-    }
-
-}
- 

src/spice2x/misc/nativetouchhook.h

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#include <windows.h>
-
-namespace nativetouchhook {
-    void hook(HMODULE module);
-}
- 

src/spice2x/misc/wintouchemu.cpp

@@ -495,6 +495,14 @@ namespace wintouchemu {
         if (hWnd != nullptr && USE_MOUSE) {
             bool button_pressed = get_async_primary_mouse();
 
+            // while the subscreen overlay cannot accept the mouse, treat the button as
+            // released; this ends any active touch and prevents new mouse touch contacts
+            if (overlay::OVERLAY &&
+                overlay::OVERLAY->has_subscreen_touch_transform() &&
+                !overlay::OVERLAY->accepts_subscreen_mouse_input()) {
+                button_pressed = false;
+            }
+
             // if there was a touch event in the last 500 ms, don't insert new button presses
             if (button_pressed && (now - last_touch_event) < 500) {
                 button_pressed = false;

src/spice2x/overlay/overlay.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "games/io.h"
 #include "games/gitadora/gitadora.h"
 #include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "games/nost/nost.h"
 #include "games/popn/popn.h"
 #include "games/rb/touch_debug.h"
 #include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
 #include "windows/sdvx_sub.h"
 #include "windows/keypad.h"
 #include "windows/log.h"
+#include "windows/nostalgia_touch_piano.h"
 #include "windows/obs.h"
 #include "windows/patch_manager.h"
 #include "windows/exitprompt.cpp"
@@ -404,6 +406,12 @@ void overlay::SpiceOverlay::init() {
         window_fps->set_active(true);
     }
 
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE &&
+        avs::game::is_model("PAN") && games::nost::ENABLE_TOUCH_MODE) {
+        window_nostalgia_touch_piano =
+            std::make_unique<overlay::windows::NostalgiaTouchPiano>(this);
+    }
+
     // owned separately from `windows` so it is not part of the overlay window layer
     window_main_menu = std::make_unique<overlay::windows::ExitPrompt>(this);
 
@@ -556,13 +564,18 @@ void overlay::SpiceOverlay::new_frame() {
     const bool draw_fps_persistent = this->renderer != OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE
         && this->window_fps->get_active();
 
+    const bool draw_nostalgia_touch_piano = this->renderer != OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE
+        && this->window_nostalgia_touch_piano
+        && this->window_nostalgia_touch_piano->get_active();
+
     // draw RB touch diagnostics
     const bool draw_rb_touch_debug = this->renderer != OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE
         && games::rb::touch_debug_overlay_enabled();
 
     // check if there is nothing to draw
     this->has_pending_frame = false;
-    if (!this->active && !draw_notifications && !draw_fps_persistent && !draw_rb_touch_debug) {
+    if (!this->active && !draw_notifications && !draw_fps_persistent &&
+        !draw_nostalgia_touch_piano && !draw_rb_touch_debug) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -596,7 +609,13 @@ void overlay::SpiceOverlay::new_frame() {
         for (auto &window : this->windows) {
             window->build();
         }
+    }
 
+    if (draw_nostalgia_touch_piano) {
+        this->window_nostalgia_touch_piano->build();
+    }
+
+    if (this->active) {
         // draw the main menu on top of the overlay windows
         this->window_main_menu->build();
 
@@ -819,6 +838,10 @@ void overlay::SpiceOverlay::update() {
     // FPS window
     this->window_fps->update();
 
+    if (this->window_nostalgia_touch_piano) {
+        this->window_nostalgia_touch_piano->update();
+    }
+
     // main menu (owned separately from the overlay window layer)
     this->window_main_menu->update();
 
@@ -885,6 +908,17 @@ bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::get_active() {
     return this->active;
 }
 
+bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::is_subscreen_overlay_visible() {
+    return this->get_active() &&
+        this->window_sub != nullptr &&
+        this->window_sub->get_active();
+}
+
+bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::accepts_subscreen_mouse_input() {
+    return this->is_subscreen_overlay_visible() &&
+        this->window_sub->is_mouse_hovered();
+}
+
 bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::has_focus() {
     return this->get_active() && ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow);
 }

src/spice2x/overlay/overlay.h

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         // not part of `windows`: drawn/updated on the persistent layer (like
         // notifications), independent of the overlay's active state and input gates.
         std::unique_ptr<Window> window_fps;
+        std::unique_ptr<Window> window_nostalgia_touch_piano;
 
         // not part of `windows`: the main menu / launcher. owned and drawn
         // separately from the overlay window layer; it drives the overlay's
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         void show_main_menu();
         void set_active(bool active);
         bool get_active();
+        bool accepts_subscreen_mouse_input();
         bool has_focus();
         bool hotkeys_triggered();
 
@@ -138,21 +140,24 @@ namespace overlay {
         inline IDirect3DDevice9 *get_device() {
             return this->device;
         }
+        inline HWND get_window() {
+            return this->hWnd;
+        }
 
-        bool can_transform_touch_input() {
-            return (this->subscreen_mouse_handler != nullptr);
+        bool has_subscreen_touch_transform() {
+            return (this->subscreen_touch_transform != nullptr);
         }
 
         bool transform_touch_point(LONG *x, LONG *y) {
-            if (this->get_active() && this->subscreen_mouse_handler) {
-                return this->subscreen_mouse_handler(x, y);
+            if (this->get_active() && this->subscreen_touch_transform) {
+                return this->subscreen_touch_transform(x, y);
             } else {
                 return true;
             }
         }
 
-        void set_subscreen_mouse_handler(const std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> &f) {
-            this->subscreen_mouse_handler = f;
+        void set_subscreen_touch_transform(const std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> &f) {
+            this->subscreen_touch_transform = f;
         }
 
         // renderer
@@ -199,7 +204,7 @@ namespace overlay {
 
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Window>> windows;
 
-        std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> subscreen_mouse_handler = nullptr;
+        std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> subscreen_touch_transform = nullptr;
 
         bool active = false;
         bool toggle_down = false;
@@ -212,6 +217,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         // so render() never runs without a matching NewFrame.
         bool has_pending_frame = false;
 
+        bool is_subscreen_overlay_visible();
         void init();
         void add_font(const char* font, ImFontConfig* config, const ImWchar* glyphs);
     };

src/spice2x/overlay/window.cpp

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ void overlay::Window::build() {
 
     // check if active
     if (!this->active) {
+        this->mouse_hovered = false;
         return;
     }
 
@@ -106,10 +107,18 @@ void overlay::Window::build() {
         // top spot. suppress that so only an explicit focus request (see below)
         // decides what comes to the front.
         const std::string window_id = this->title + "###" + to_string(this);
-        if (ImGui::Begin(
+        const bool build_contents = ImGui::Begin(
                 window_id.c_str(),
                 &this->active,
-                this->flags | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing)) {
+                this->flags | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing);
+
+        // keep the window hovered while its invisible input button is held during a drag
+        this->mouse_hovered =
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(
+                ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootAndChildWindows |
+                ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem);
+
+        if (build_contents) {
 
             // window attributes - init_pos / init_size are only honored once
             // (ImGuiCond_Once), so compute them a single time instead of every frame
@@ -154,6 +163,9 @@ void overlay::Window::build() {
 
     } else {
 
+        // raw content does not have an ImGui window to hover
+        this->mouse_hovered = false;
+
         // add raw content
         this->build_content();
     }
@@ -201,3 +213,7 @@ bool overlay::Window::get_active() {
     // now it depends on us
     return this->active;
 }
+
+bool overlay::Window::is_mouse_hovered() {
+    return this->mouse_hovered;
+}

src/spice2x/overlay/window.h

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         void toggle_active();
         void set_active(bool active);
         bool get_active();
+        bool is_mouse_hovered();
 
         // raise this window to the top of the z-order on its next build. only
         // call in response to an explicit user action (keyboard toggle, UI
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ namespace overlay {
         // set when the window transitions to visible so build() raises it to the
         // top of the z-order on the next frame
         bool request_focus = false;
+        bool mouse_hovered = false;
         std::vector<Window*> children;
 
         // settings

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/camera_control.cpp

@@ -82,9 +82,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         ImGui::Text("Rendering");
 
         // Media Type Selector
-        int selectedMediaTypeIndex = selectedCamera->m_selectedMediaTypeIndex;
+        int selectedMediaTypeIndex = selectedCamera->GetSelectedMediaTypeIndex();
         auto numMediaTypes = selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.size();
 
+        if (numMediaTypes == 0) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f), "%s", "No supported media types");
+            return;
+        }
+
         auto selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged = ImGui::BeginCombo(
             "Media Type", selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(selectedMediaTypeIndex).description.c_str()
         );
@@ -103,9 +108,9 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             ImGui::EndCombo();
         }
 
-        if (selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged && selectedMediaTypeIndex != selectedCamera->m_selectedMediaTypeIndex) {
+        if (selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged && selectedMediaTypeIndex != selectedCamera->GetSelectedMediaTypeIndex()) {
             selectedCamera->m_useAutoMediaType = false;
-            selectedCamera->ChangeMediaType(selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(selectedMediaTypeIndex).p_mediaType);
+            selectedCamera->RequestMediaType(selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(selectedMediaTypeIndex).p_mediaType);
         }
 
         // Auto media type
@@ -114,13 +119,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         if (ImGui::Checkbox("Auto##MediaType", &isAutoMediaType)) {
             selectedCamera->m_useAutoMediaType = isAutoMediaType;
             if (isAutoMediaType) {
-                selectedCamera->ChangeMediaType(selectedCamera->m_pAutoMediaType);
+                selectedCamera->RequestMediaType(selectedCamera->m_pAutoMediaType);
             }
         }
 
         // Draw mode
-        int selectedDrawModeIndex = selectedCamera->m_drawMode;
-        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Draw Mode", DRAW_MODE_LABELS[selectedCamera->m_drawMode].c_str())) {
+        const auto drawMode = selectedCamera->m_drawMode.load();
+        int selectedDrawModeIndex = drawMode;
+        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Draw Mode", DRAW_MODE_LABELS[drawMode].c_str())) {
             for (size_t i = 0; i < DRAW_MODE_SIZE; i++) {
                 const bool is_selected = (selectedDrawModeIndex == (int) i);
                 if (ImGui::Selectable(DRAW_MODE_LABELS[i].c_str(), is_selected)) {
@@ -142,15 +148,25 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             "Letterbox to 4:3: Like Letterbox, but target 4:3"
             );
 
-        if (selectedDrawModeIndex != selectedCamera->m_drawMode) {
-            selectedCamera->m_drawMode = (LocalCameraDrawMode)selectedDrawModeIndex;
+        if (selectedDrawModeIndex != selectedCamera->m_drawMode.load()) {
+            selectedCamera->m_drawMode.store((LocalCameraDrawMode)selectedDrawModeIndex);
             selectedCamera->UpdateDrawRect();
         }
 
         ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
-        ImGui::Checkbox("Horizontal Flip", &selectedCamera->m_flipHorizontal);
+        bool flipHorizontal = selectedCamera->m_flipHorizontal.load();
+        if (ImGui::Checkbox("Horizontal Flip", &flipHorizontal)) {
+            selectedCamera->m_flipHorizontal.store(flipHorizontal);
+        }
         ImGui::SameLine();
-        ImGui::Checkbox("Vertical Flip", &selectedCamera->m_flipVertical);
+        bool flipVertical = selectedCamera->m_flipVertical.load();
+        if (ImGui::Checkbox("Vertical Flip", &flipVertical)) {
+            selectedCamera->m_flipVertical.store(flipVertical);
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker(
+            "Flips are done by the CPU and can be very expensive, potentially causing frame drops! "
+            "Prefer to use camera's built-in flip if available.");
 
         // Camera control parameters
         ImGui::Separator();

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/config.cpp

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
     static const std::vector<std::pair<const char *, ControllerPage>> CONTROLLER_PAGE_GROUPS = {
         { "Buttons", ControllerPage::CONTROLLER_PAGE_BUTTONS },
         { "Keypads", ControllerPage::CONTROLLER_PAGE_KEYPADS },
+        { "Modifiers", ControllerPage::CONTROLLER_PAGE_MODIFIERS },
         { "Analogs", ControllerPage::CONTROLLER_PAGE_ANALOGS },
         { "Overlay", ControllerPage::CONTROLLER_PAGE_OVERLAY },
         { "Lights", ControllerPage::CONTROLLER_PAGE_LIGHTS },
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
     }
 
     // Renders an arrow-less, non-collapsible left-nav header row, highlighted when
-    // active. Returns true if the row was clicked this frame; callers apply their
+    // active. Returns true if the row was activated this frame; callers apply their
     // own selection side effects.
     bool Config::build_nav_header(const char *label, bool active) {
         ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags = ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf;
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             ImGui::PopStyleColor(colors_pushed);
         }
 
-        return ImGui::IsItemClicked();
+        return ImGui::IsItemActivated();
     }
 
     void Config::build_options_tab(float page_offset) {
@@ -616,6 +617,21 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                     }
                     break;
                 }
+                case ControllerPage::CONTROLLER_PAGE_MODIFIERS: {
+                    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Button Modifiers");
+                    ImGui::Spacing();
+                    ImGui::TextWrapped(
+                        "Bind modifier buttons below, then open Edit properties on any button binding "
+                        "(except MIDI) to select the required modifiers. This allows you to configure "
+                        "button combinations.\n\n"
+                        "For example, if you bind the Start button as Modifier 1, and then bind "
+                        "the A button for Service Coin and set it to require Modifier 1, you press "
+                        "Start + A to trigger Service Coin.");
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+                    this->build_buttons(
+                        "Modifier", games::get_buttons_modifiers(this->games_selected_name));
+                    break;
+                }
                 case ControllerPage::CONTROLLER_PAGE_ANALOGS: {
 
                     // help text for binding analog, if the game has one
@@ -1256,7 +1272,8 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         if (open_edit) {
             ImGui::OpenPopup(edit_name.c_str());
         }
-        edit_button_popup(edit_name, button_display, button, button_velocity, alt_index);
+        edit_button_popup(
+            edit_name, button_display, button, button_velocity, alt_index, name != "Modifier");
 
         // clean up
         ImGui::PopID();
@@ -1275,6 +1292,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         button->setBatThreshold(0);
         button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
         button->setInvert(false);
+        button->setModifierMask(0);
         button->setLastState(GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED);
         button->setLastVelocity(0);
         button->setTemporary(false);
@@ -1356,8 +1374,9 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             if (check_devices) {
                 // iterate updated devices
                 auto updated_devices = RI_MGR->devices_get_updated();
+                bool binding_finished = false;
                 for (auto device : updated_devices) {
-                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(*device->mutex);
+                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*device->mutex);
                     switch (device->type) {
                         case rawinput::MOUSE: {
                             auto mouse = device->mouseInfo;
@@ -1369,12 +1388,13 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                     button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
                                     button->setVKey(static_cast<unsigned short>(i));
                                     button->setAnalogType(BAT_NONE);
+                                    button->setModifierMask(0);
                                     ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                             games_list[games_selected], *button, alt_index - 1);
                                     ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                     buttons_bind_active = false;
                                     inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                    binding_finished = true;
                                     break;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -1393,7 +1413,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                         buttons_bind_active = false;
                                         buttons_many_index = -1;
                                         buttons_many_active = false;
-                                        RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                        binding_finished = true;
                                         break;
                                     }
 
@@ -1401,12 +1421,13 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                     button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
                                     button->setVKey(vkey);
                                     button->setAnalogType(BAT_NONE);
+                                    button->setModifierMask(0);
                                     ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                             games_list[games_selected], *button, alt_index - 1);
                                     ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                     buttons_bind_active = false;
                                     inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                    binding_finished = true;
                                     break;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -1536,13 +1557,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                 button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                                 button->setBatThreshold(0);
                                 button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
+                                button->setModifierMask(0);
                                 ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                         games_list[games_selected], *button,
                                         alt_index - 1);
                                 ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                 buttons_bind_active = false;
                                 inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                binding_finished = true;
                             }
 
                             break;
@@ -1581,6 +1603,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                     button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
                                     button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                                     button->setBatThreshold(0);
+                                    button->setModifierMask(0);
                                     // same idea as setMidiVKey - keep velocity threshold consistent
                                     button->setVelocityThreshold(
                                         device->midiInfo->v2_velocity_threshold[button->getVKey()]);
@@ -1590,7 +1613,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                     ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                     buttons_bind_active = false;
                                     inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                    binding_finished = true;
                                     break;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -1608,13 +1631,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                         button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                                         button->setBatThreshold(0);
                                         button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
+                                        button->setModifierMask(0);
                                         ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                                 games_list[games_selected], *button,
                                                 alt_index - 1);
                                         ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                         buttons_bind_active = false;
                                         inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                        RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                        binding_finished = true;
                                         break;
                                     }
                                 } else {
@@ -1635,13 +1659,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                         button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                                         button->setBatThreshold(0);
                                         button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
+                                        button->setModifierMask(0);
                                         ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                                 games_list[games_selected], *button,
                                                 alt_index - 1);
                                         ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                         buttons_bind_active = false;
                                         inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                        RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                        binding_finished = true;
                                         break;
                                     }
                                 } else {
@@ -1662,13 +1687,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                         button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                                         button->setBatThreshold(0);
                                         button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
+                                        button->setModifierMask(0);
                                         ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                                 games_list[games_selected], *button,
                                                 alt_index - 1);
                                         ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                         buttons_bind_active = false;
                                         inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                        RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                        binding_finished = true;
                                         break;
                                     }
                                 } else {
@@ -1688,13 +1714,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                     button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                                     button->setBatThreshold(0);
                                     button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
+                                    button->setModifierMask(0);
                                     ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                             games_list[games_selected], *button,
                                             alt_index - 1);
                                     ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                     buttons_bind_active = false;
                                     inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                    binding_finished = true;
                                     break;
                                 }
 
@@ -1709,13 +1736,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                     button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                                     button->setBatThreshold(0);
                                     button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
+                                    button->setModifierMask(0);
                                     ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                             games_list[games_selected], *button,
                                             alt_index - 1);
                                     ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                     buttons_bind_active = false;
                                     inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                    binding_finished = true;
                                     break;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -1739,13 +1767,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                                     button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                                     button->setBatThreshold(0);
                                     button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
+                                    button->setModifierMask(0);
                                     ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                             games_list[games_selected], *button,
                                             alt_index - 1);
                                     ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                                     buttons_bind_active = false;
                                     inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
-                                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                    binding_finished = true;
                                     break;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -1755,6 +1784,13 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                         default:
                             break;
                     }
+                    lock.unlock();
+                    if (binding_finished) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (binding_finished) {
+                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1808,6 +1844,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 if (RI_MGR->XINPUT_MGR->get_any_button_pressed(xinput)) {
                     button->setDeviceIdentifier(xinput::get_device_desc(xinput.player));
                     button->setVKey(static_cast<uint16_t>(xinput.button));
+                    button->setModifierMask(0);
                     ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                             games_list[games_selected], *button, alt_index - 1);
                     inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
@@ -1864,6 +1901,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                         button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
                         button->setBatThreshold(0);
                         button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
+                        button->setModifierMask(0);
                         ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
                                 games_list[games_selected], *button,
                                 alt_index - 1);
@@ -1882,37 +1920,83 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         }
     }
 
+    bool Config::build_modifier_picker(Button &button) {
+        bool changed = false;
+        auto modifier_mask = button.getModifierMask();
+
+        // collect live states and build the closed dropdown summary
+        uint8_t pressed_modifier_mask = 0;
+        std::string modifier_preview;
+        auto *modifier_buttons = games::get_buttons_modifiers(this->games_selected_name);
+        for (uint8_t index = 0; index < games::ModifierButtons::Size; index++) {
+            const uint8_t modifier_bit = UINT8_C(1) << index;
+            if (modifier_buttons && index < modifier_buttons->size() &&
+                GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, modifier_buttons->at(index))) {
+                pressed_modifier_mask |= modifier_bit;
+            }
+            if ((modifier_mask & modifier_bit) != 0) {
+                modifier_preview += modifier_preview.empty() ? "Mod " : "+";
+                modifier_preview += std::to_string(index + 1);
+            }
+        }
+        if (modifier_preview.empty()) {
+            modifier_preview = "None";
+        }
+
+        // color the combo when all requirements are held, but keep its label unchanged
+        const bool all_modifiers_pressed = modifier_mask != 0 &&
+            (pressed_modifier_mask & modifier_mask) == modifier_mask;
+        if (all_modifiers_pressed) {
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, TEXT_COLOR_GREEN);
+        }
+        const bool combo_open = ImGui::BeginCombo("##Modifiers", modifier_preview.c_str());
+        if (all_modifiers_pressed) {
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+        }
+
+        // update requirements while highlighting modifier sources that are currently pressed
+        if (combo_open) {
+            for (uint8_t index = 0; index < games::ModifierButtons::Size; index++) {
+                const uint8_t modifier_bit = UINT8_C(1) << index;
+                bool required = (modifier_mask & modifier_bit) != 0;
+                const auto label = fmt::format("Modifier {}", index + 1);
+                const bool modifier_pressed = (pressed_modifier_mask & modifier_bit) != 0;
+                if (modifier_pressed) {
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, TEXT_COLOR_GREEN);
+                }
+                const bool requirement_changed = ImGui::Checkbox(label.c_str(), &required);
+                if (modifier_pressed) {
+                    ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                }
+                if (requirement_changed) {
+                    modifier_mask ^= modifier_bit;
+                    button.setModifierMask(modifier_mask);
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndCombo();
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("Modifiers");
+
+        return changed;
+    }
+
     void Config::edit_button_popup(
         const std::string &edit_name,
         const std::string &button_display,
         Button *button,
         const float button_velocity,
-        const int alt_index) {
+        const int alt_index,
+        const bool allow_modifiers) {
 
         const auto button_state = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, *button, false);
         if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal(edit_name.c_str(), NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
             bool dirty = false;
             auto device = RI_MGR->devices_get(button->getDeviceIdentifier());
 
-            // binding
-            ImGui::Text("Binding");
-
-            // combo for devices
-            std::string device_desc = (device != nullptr) ? device->desc : "Empty (Naive)";
-            if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Device Identifier", device_desc.c_str())) {
-                if (ImGui::Selectable("Empty (Naive)", button->isNaive())) {
-                    button->setDeviceIdentifier("");
-                    dirty = true;
-                }
-                if (button->isNaive()) {
-                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
-                }
-                for (auto &device : RI_MGR->devices_get()) {
-                    bool selected = button->getDeviceIdentifier() == device.name.c_str();
-                    const auto device_desc = fmt::format("{}##{}", device.desc, device.name);
-                    if (ImGui::Selectable(device_desc.c_str(), selected)) {
-                        button->setDeviceIdentifier(device.name);
-                        // reset controls when switching devices
+            auto switch_device = [&](const std::string &device_identifier) {
+                button->setDeviceIdentifier(device_identifier);
                 button->setAnalogType(ButtonAnalogType::BAT_NONE);
                 button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
                 button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
@@ -1920,7 +2004,28 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 button->setVelocityThreshold(0);
                 button->setVKey(0);
                 button->setInvert(false);
+                button->setModifierMask(0);
                 dirty = true;
+            };
+
+            // binding
+            ImGui::Text("Binding");
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            // combo for devices
+            std::string device_desc = (device != nullptr) ? device->desc : "Empty (Naive)";
+            if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Device Identifier", device_desc.c_str())) {
+                if (ImGui::Selectable("Empty (Naive)", button->isNaive()) && !button->isNaive()) {
+                    switch_device("");
+                }
+                if (button->isNaive()) {
+                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                }
+                for (auto &device : RI_MGR->devices_get()) {
+                    bool selected = button->getDeviceIdentifier() == device.name.c_str();
+                    const auto device_desc = fmt::format("{}##{}", device.desc, device.name);
+                    if (ImGui::Selectable(device_desc.c_str(), selected) && !selected) {
+                        switch_device(device.name);
                     }
                     if (selected) {
                         ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
@@ -1928,6 +2033,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 }
                 ImGui::EndCombo();
             }
+            device = RI_MGR->devices_get(button->getDeviceIdentifier());
 
             // analog type (only for HID)
             const auto bat = button->getAnalogType();
@@ -2219,21 +2325,22 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 }
             }
 
+            // modifiers
+            {
+                const bool is_midi = device != nullptr && device->type == rawinput::MIDI;
+                if (allow_modifiers && button->isValid() && !is_midi) {
+                    dirty |= build_modifier_picker(*button);
+                }
+            }
+
             // preview
             if (!button_display.empty()) {
                 ImGui::TextUnformatted("\nPreview");
                 ImGui::Separator();
                 if (button_state == GameAPI::Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
-                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0.f, 1.f));
-                }
-                // this doesn't account for utf-8 but whatever
-                if (button_display.size() >= 40) {
-                    ImGui::Text("%.37s...", button_display.c_str());
-                    ImGui::SameLine();
-                    ImGui::HelpMarker(button_display.c_str());
-                } else {
-                    ImGui::TextUnformatted(button_display.c_str());
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, TEXT_COLOR_GREEN);
                 }
+                ImGui::TextTruncated(button_display, ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
                 ImGui::TextUnformatted("\n");
                 if (button_state == GameAPI::Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
                     ImGui::PopStyleColor();
@@ -2242,8 +2349,10 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
             }
 
+
             // options
-            ImGui::Text("Options");
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("Options");
+            ImGui::Separator();
 
             // check for debounce
             if (button->getDebounceUp() || button->getDebounceDown()
@@ -2362,6 +2471,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 ImGui::ProgressBar(button_velocity);
             } else {
                 ImGui::Text("State");
+                ImGui::Separator();
                 ImGui::ProgressBar(button_velocity);
             }
 
@@ -5482,6 +5592,12 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 tmpl.buttons.emplace_back(btn);
             }
         }
+        auto *modifier_buttons = games::get_buttons_modifiers(this->games_selected_name);
+        if (modifier_buttons) {
+            for (auto &modifier : *modifier_buttons) {
+                tmpl.modifier_buttons.emplace_back(modifier);
+            }
+        }
 
         // capture keypad buttons
         auto *keypad_buttons = games::get_buttons_keypads(this->games_selected_name);
@@ -5537,6 +5653,17 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             }
         }
 
+        // clear all modifier buttons
+        auto *modifier_buttons = games::get_buttons_modifiers(this->games_selected_name);
+        if (modifier_buttons) {
+            for (auto &modifier : *modifier_buttons) {
+                for (int ai = (int)modifier.getAlternatives().size() - 1; ai >= 0; ai--) {
+                    clear_button(&modifier.getAlternatives()[ai], ai + 1);
+                }
+                clear_button(&modifier, -1);
+            }
+        }
+
         // clear all keypad buttons
         auto *keypad_buttons = games::get_buttons_keypads(this->games_selected_name);
         if (keypad_buttons) {
@@ -5630,6 +5757,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                             btn.setDebounceDown(entry->debounce_down);
                             btn.setBatThreshold(entry->bat_threshold);
                             btn.setVelocityThreshold(entry->velocity_threshold);
+                            btn.setModifierMask(entry->modifier_mask);
                             ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(game, btn, -1);
                         } else {
                             Button alt_btn(btn.getName());
@@ -5641,6 +5769,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                             alt_btn.setDebounceDown(entry->debounce_down);
                             alt_btn.setBatThreshold(entry->bat_threshold);
                             alt_btn.setVelocityThreshold(entry->velocity_threshold);
+                            alt_btn.setModifierMask(entry->modifier_mask);
                             alt_btn.setTemporary(true);
                             btn.getAlternatives().push_back(alt_btn);
                             ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
@@ -5659,6 +5788,11 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         if (this->apply_buttons) {
             apply_buttons(tmpl.buttons, games::get_buttons(this->games_selected_name));
         }
+        if (this->apply_modifiers) {
+            apply_buttons(
+                tmpl.modifier_buttons,
+                games::get_buttons_modifiers(this->games_selected_name));
+        }
         if (this->apply_keypads) {
             apply_buttons(tmpl.keypad_buttons, games::get_buttons_keypads(this->games_selected_name));
         }
@@ -5900,7 +6034,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 ImGui::EndDisabled();
                 ImGui::SameLine();
                 ImGui::HelpMarker(
-                    "Clears all game button, analog, and light bindings.");
+                    "Clears all game button, modifier, keypad, analog, and light bindings.");
                 if (this->all_cleared) {
                     ImGui::SameLine();
                     ImGui::TextUnformatted("Done.");
@@ -5915,6 +6049,8 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                 bool selection_changed = false;
                 selection_changed |= ImGui::Checkbox("Buttons", &this->apply_buttons);
                 ImGui::SameLine();
+                selection_changed |= ImGui::Checkbox("Modifiers", &this->apply_modifiers);
+                ImGui::SameLine();
                 selection_changed |= ImGui::Checkbox("Keypads", &this->apply_keypads);
                 ImGui::SameLine();
                 selection_changed |= ImGui::Checkbox("Analogs", &this->apply_analogs);
@@ -5924,7 +6060,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                     std::fill(this->template_is_applied.begin(), this->template_is_applied.end(), false);
                 }
 
-                if (!this->apply_buttons && !this->apply_keypads &&
+                if (!this->apply_buttons && !this->apply_modifiers && !this->apply_keypads &&
                     !this->apply_analogs && !this->apply_lights) {
                     ImGui::TextUnformatted("\nYou must select at least one group to apply.\n\n");
                 }
@@ -5964,7 +6100,8 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (!apply_buttons && !apply_keypads && !apply_analogs && !apply_lights) {
+                if (!apply_buttons && !apply_modifiers && !apply_keypads &&
+                    !apply_analogs && !apply_lights) {
                     ImGui::BeginDisabled();
                 }
 
@@ -6133,7 +6270,8 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                     ImGui::EndTable();
                 }
 
-                if (!apply_buttons && !apply_keypads && !apply_analogs && !apply_lights) {
+                if (!apply_buttons && !apply_modifiers && !apply_keypads &&
+                    !apply_analogs && !apply_lights) {
                     ImGui::EndDisabled();
                 }
             }
@@ -6212,12 +6350,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             ImGui::TextUnformatted("Pick which groups to save:");
             ImGui::Checkbox("Buttons", &this->save_buttons);
             ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Modifiers", &this->save_modifiers);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
             ImGui::Checkbox("Keypads", &this->save_keypads);
             ImGui::SameLine();
             ImGui::Checkbox("Analogs", &this->save_analogs);
             ImGui::SameLine();
             ImGui::Checkbox("Lights", &this->save_lights);
-            if (!this->save_analogs && !this->save_keypads &&
+            if (!this->save_buttons && !this->save_modifiers && !this->save_keypads &&
                 !this->save_analogs && !this->save_lights) {
                 ImGui::TextUnformatted("\nYou must select at least one group to save.\n\n");
             }
@@ -6269,7 +6409,8 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
 
             ImGui::BeginDisabled(
                 !all_labels_set ||
-                (!this->save_buttons && !this->save_keypads && !this->save_analogs && !this->save_lights));
+                (!this->save_buttons && !this->save_modifiers && !this->save_keypads &&
+                 !this->save_analogs && !this->save_lights));
 
             if (ImGui::Button("Save")) {
                 // replace device IDs with labels in the template
@@ -6278,7 +6419,8 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                         template_save_sources[si], template_save_labels[si]);
                 }
                 if (save_user_template(template_pending_save,
-                        this->save_buttons, this->save_keypads, this->save_analogs, this->save_lights)) {
+                    this->save_buttons, this->save_modifiers, this->save_keypads,
+                    this->save_analogs, this->save_lights)) {
                     template_save_name[0] = '\0';
                     templates_cache_dirty = true;
                 }
@@ -6360,7 +6502,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
                             t.rename_source(template_save_sources[si], template_save_labels[si]);
                         }
                     }
-                    save_user_template(t, true, true, true, true);
+                    save_user_template(t, true, true, true, true, true);
                     templates_cache_dirty = true;
                     template_save_sources.clear();
                     template_save_labels.clear();

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/config.h

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         CONTROLLER_PAGE_INVALID,
         CONTROLLER_PAGE_BUTTONS,
         CONTROLLER_PAGE_KEYPADS,
+        CONTROLLER_PAGE_MODIFIERS,
         CONTROLLER_PAGE_ANALOGS,
         CONTROLLER_PAGE_OVERLAY,
         CONTROLLER_PAGE_LIGHTS,
@@ -119,10 +120,12 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         std::vector<std::string> template_save_sources;
         std::vector<std::string> template_save_labels;
         bool apply_buttons = true;
+        bool apply_modifiers = true;
         bool apply_keypads = true;
         bool apply_analogs = true;
         bool apply_lights = true;
         bool save_buttons = true;
+        bool save_modifiers = true;
         bool save_keypads = true;
         bool save_analogs = true;
         bool save_lights = true;
@@ -168,12 +171,14 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
 
         void bind_button_popup(const std::string &bind_name, Button *button, const int button_it_max, const int alt_index);
         void naive_button_popup(const std::string &naive_string, Button *button, const int button_it_max, const int alt_index);
+        bool build_modifier_picker(Button &button);
         void edit_button_popup(
             const std::string &edit_name,
             const std::string &button_display,
             Button *button,
             const float button_velocity,
-            const int alt_index);
+            const int alt_index,
+            const bool allow_modifiers);
         void clear_button(Button *button, const int alt_index, std::optional<unsigned short> vKey_default = std::nullopt);
         void reset_button_to_default(Button *button, unsigned short vKey_default);
         unsigned int get_keypad_top_row(const Button &button);

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/controller_presets.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace overlay::windows {
 
-    // helpers - iterate both buttons and keypad_buttons
+    // helpers - iterate all button groups
     static void count_buttons_in(const std::vector<TemplateButtonBinding> &btns, int &naive, int &device) {
         for (auto &btn : btns) {
             if (btn.primary.is_naive()) naive++;
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
     int ControllerTemplate::count_naive_buttons() const {
         int naive = 0, device = 0;
         count_buttons_in(buttons, naive, device);
+        count_buttons_in(modifier_buttons, naive, device);
         count_buttons_in(keypad_buttons, naive, device);
         return naive;
     }
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
     int ControllerTemplate::count_device_buttons() const {
         int naive = 0, device = 0;
         count_buttons_in(buttons, naive, device);
+        count_buttons_in(modifier_buttons, naive, device);
         count_buttons_in(keypad_buttons, naive, device);
         return device;
     }
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
     std::set<std::string> ControllerTemplate::get_used_devices() const {
         std::set<std::string> devices;
         collect_devices_from(buttons, devices);
+        collect_devices_from(modifier_buttons, devices);
         collect_devices_from(keypad_buttons, devices);
         for (auto &a : analogs) {
             if (a.is_device()) devices.insert(a.device_identifier);
@@ -94,6 +97,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         bool has_naive = false;
 
         collect_sources_from(buttons, sources_set, has_naive);
+        collect_sources_from(modifier_buttons, sources_set, has_naive);
         collect_sources_from(keypad_buttons, sources_set, has_naive);
         for (auto &a : analogs) {
             if (a.is_device()) {
@@ -131,6 +135,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             }
         };
         rename_in_buttons(buttons);
+        rename_in_buttons(modifier_buttons);
         rename_in_buttons(keypad_buttons);
         for (auto &a : analogs) {
             if (a.device_identifier == old_id) a.device_identifier = new_id;
@@ -181,6 +186,16 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             }
         }
 
+        // modifier buttons
+        std::vector<std::string> modifier_lines;
+        collect_btn_lines(modifier_buttons, modifier_lines);
+        if (!modifier_lines.empty()) {
+            result += "Modifiers:\n";
+            for (auto &line : modifier_lines) {
+                result += "  " + line + "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
         // keypad buttons
         std::vector<std::string> kp_lines;
         collect_btn_lines(keypad_buttons, kp_lines);

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/controller_presets.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         double debounce_down = 0.0;
         int bat_threshold = 0;
         unsigned short velocity_threshold = 0;
+        uint8_t modifier_mask = 0;
 
         bool is_naive() const { return device_identifier.empty() && vKey != INVALID_VKEY; }
         bool is_device() const { return !device_identifier.empty(); }
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
             e.debounce_down = btn.getDebounceDown();
             e.bat_threshold = btn.getBatThreshold();
             e.velocity_threshold = btn.getVelocityThreshold();
+            e.modifier_mask = btn.getModifierMask();
             return e;
         }
     };
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         std::string game_name;
         bool is_builtin = false;
         std::vector<TemplateButtonBinding> buttons;
+        std::vector<TemplateButtonBinding> modifier_buttons;
         std::vector<TemplateButtonBinding> keypad_buttons;
         std::vector<TemplateAnalogBinding> analogs;
         std::vector<TemplateLightBinding> lights;
@@ -150,6 +153,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
     bool save_user_template(
         const ControllerTemplate &tmpl,
         const bool save_buttons,
+        const bool save_modifiers,
         const bool save_keypads,
         const bool save_analogs,
         const bool save_lights);

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/generic_sub.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace overlay::windows {
         this->texture_width = 0;
         this->texture_height = 0;
 
-        overlay->set_subscreen_mouse_handler([this](LONG *x, LONG *y) -> bool {
+        overlay->set_subscreen_touch_transform([this](LONG *x, LONG *y) -> bool {
             // convert to normalized form (relative window coordinates 0.f-1.f)
             ImVec2 xy;
 

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/nostalgia_touch_piano.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#include "nostalgia_touch_piano.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "external/imgui/imgui_internal.h"
+#include "games/nost/touch_mode.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    static constexpr float BUTTON_WIDTH = 144.f;
+    static constexpr float BUTTON_HEIGHT = 40.f;
+    static constexpr float WINDOW_PADDING = 4.f;
+    static constexpr float EDGE_MARGIN = 4.f;
+    static constexpr float PIANO_HEIGHT_RATIO = 0.08f;
+    static constexpr float PIANO_LEFT_GAP = 11.f;
+    static constexpr float PIANO_RIGHT_GAP = 10.f;
+    static constexpr uint32_t PIANO_KEY_COUNT = 28;
+
+    static constexpr ImU32 PIANO_KEY_COLOR = IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 50);
+    static constexpr ImU32 PIANO_KEY_ACTIVE_COLOR = IM_COL32(255, 48, 48, 160);
+    static constexpr ImU32 PIANO_KEY_BORDER_COLOR = IM_COL32(0, 0, 0, 100);
+
+    struct ButtonPalette {
+        ImVec4 normal;
+        ImVec4 hovered;
+        ImVec4 active;
+    };
+
+    static const ButtonPalette NAV_MODE_PALETTE {
+        ImVec4(0.10f, 0.45f, 0.28f, 0.72f),
+        ImVec4(0.14f, 0.58f, 0.36f, 0.82f),
+        ImVec4(0.08f, 0.34f, 0.21f, 0.90f),
+    };
+    static const ButtonPalette PIANO_MODE_PALETTE {
+        ImVec4(0.15f, 0.32f, 0.62f, 0.72f),
+        ImVec4(0.20f, 0.42f, 0.78f, 0.82f),
+        ImVec4(0.10f, 0.24f, 0.50f, 0.90f),
+    };
+
+    static void draw_piano_keys(
+        const ImVec2 &display_size,
+        LONG client_width,
+        uint32_t key_state) {
+
+        if (display_size.x <= 0.f || display_size.y <= 0.f || client_width <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // this is only a visual guide; native touch routing owns the actual input
+        const float left_gap = PIANO_LEFT_GAP * display_size.x / client_width;
+        const float right_gap = PIANO_RIGHT_GAP * display_size.x / client_width;
+        const float piano_width = display_size.x - left_gap - right_gap;
+        if (piano_width <= 0.f) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const float key_width = piano_width / PIANO_KEY_COUNT;
+        const float key_top = display_size.y * (1.f - PIANO_HEIGHT_RATIO);
+        auto *draw_list = ImGui::GetBackgroundDrawList();
+
+        for (uint32_t key = 0; key < PIANO_KEY_COUNT; key++) {
+            const ImVec2 key_min(left_gap + key * key_width, key_top);
+            const ImVec2 key_max(left_gap + (key + 1) * key_width, display_size.y);
+            const bool active = (key_state & (UINT32_C(1) << key)) != 0;
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(
+                key_min,
+                key_max,
+                active ? PIANO_KEY_ACTIVE_COLOR : PIANO_KEY_COLOR);
+            draw_list->AddRect(key_min, key_max, PIANO_KEY_BORDER_COLOR);
+        }
+    }
+
+    NostalgiaTouchPiano::NostalgiaTouchPiano(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Nostalgia Touch Piano";
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar
+            | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize
+            | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse
+            | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove
+            | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking
+            | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground
+            | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings
+            | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNav
+            | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus;
+        this->window_padding = overlay::apply_scaling_to_vector(WINDOW_PADDING, WINDOW_PADDING);
+        this->set_active(true);
+    }
+
+    void NostalgiaTouchPiano::calculate_initial_window() {
+        this->init_size = overlay::apply_scaling_to_vector(
+            BUTTON_WIDTH + WINDOW_PADDING * 2,
+            BUTTON_HEIGHT + WINDOW_PADDING * 2);
+        this->init_pos = overlay::apply_scaling_to_vector(EDGE_MARGIN, EDGE_MARGIN);
+    }
+
+    void NostalgiaTouchPiano::build_content() {
+        // keep the control anchored while the game window changes size or mode
+        ImGui::SetWindowPos(
+            overlay::apply_scaling_to_vector(EDGE_MARGIN, EDGE_MARGIN),
+            ImGuiCond_Always);
+
+        // stay above regular overlay windows, but never cover a blocking modal
+        ImGuiWindow *mode_window = ImGui::GetCurrentWindow();
+        if (ImGuiWindow *modal = ImGui::GetTopMostPopupModal()) {
+            ImGui::BringWindowToDisplayBehind(mode_window, modal);
+        } else {
+            ImGui::BringWindowToDisplayFront(mode_window);
+        }
+
+        const bool nav_mode =
+            games::nost::touch_mode::current_mode() == games::nost::touch_mode::Mode::Nav;
+        const char *label = nav_mode ? "Nav Mode" : "Piano Mode";
+
+        // make the active routing mode recognizable without reading the label
+        const auto &palette = nav_mode ? NAV_MODE_PALETTE : PIANO_MODE_PALETTE;
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button, palette.normal);
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered, palette.hovered);
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonActive, palette.active);
+        ImGui::Button(label, overlay::apply_scaling_to_vector(BUTTON_WIDTH, BUTTON_HEIGHT));
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor(3);
+
+        const auto &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+        RECT client_rect {};
+        if (io.DisplaySize.x > 0.f && io.DisplaySize.y > 0.f &&
+            GetClientRect(this->overlay->get_window(), &client_rect)) {
+
+            // convert the rendered imgui rectangle into the client coordinates
+            // used by hardware touch publication and piano-key mapping
+            const auto item_min = ImGui::GetItemRectMin();
+            const auto item_max = ImGui::GetItemRectMax();
+            const auto client_width = client_rect.right - client_rect.left;
+            const auto client_height = client_rect.bottom - client_rect.top;
+            if (!nav_mode) {
+                draw_piano_keys(
+                    io.DisplaySize,
+                    client_width,
+                    games::nost::touch_mode::piano_key_state());
+            }
+
+            RECT button_bounds {
+                static_cast<LONG>(std::lround(item_min.x * client_width / io.DisplaySize.x)),
+                static_cast<LONG>(std::lround(item_min.y * client_height / io.DisplaySize.y)),
+                static_cast<LONG>(std::lround(item_max.x * client_width / io.DisplaySize.x)),
+                static_cast<LONG>(std::lround(item_max.y * client_height / io.DisplaySize.y)),
+            };
+            games::nost::touch_mode::publish_button_bounds(
+                this->overlay->get_window(), button_bounds);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/nostalgia_touch_piano.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    // persistent mode control rendered independently of the main overlay visibility
+    class NostalgiaTouchPiano : public Window {
+    public:
+        explicit NostalgiaTouchPiano(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+
+        void calculate_initial_window() override;
+        void build_content() override;
+    };
+}

src/spice2x/overlay/windows/patch_manager.h

@@ -1,183 +1,21 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "overlay/window.h"
-#include <map>
-#include <functional>
-#include <filesystem>
-#include <optional>
-#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "patcher/patch_manager.h"
 
 namespace overlay::windows {
 
-    enum class PatchType {
-        Unknown,
-        Memory,
-        Signature,
-        Union,
-        Integer,
-    };
-
-    enum class PatchStatus {
-        Error,
-        Disabled,
-        Enabled,
-    };
-
-    enum class PatchUrlStatus {
-        Valid,
-        Invalid,
-        Unapplied,
-        ValidButNoData,
-        Partial,
-    };
-
-    struct MemoryPatch {
-        std::string dll_name = "";
-        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_disabled = nullptr;
-        size_t data_disabled_len = 0;
-        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_enabled = nullptr;
-        size_t data_enabled_len = 0;
-        uint64_t data_offset = 0;
-        uint8_t *data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
-        bool fatal_error = false;
-    };
-
-    struct PatchData;
-    struct SignaturePatch {
-        std::string dll_name = "";
-        std::string signature = "", replacement = "";
-        uint64_t offset = 0;
-        int64_t usage = 0;
-
-        MemoryPatch to_memory(PatchData *patch);
-    };
-
-    struct UnionPatch {
-        std::string name = "";
-        std::string dll_name = "";
-        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data = nullptr;
-        size_t data_len = 0;
-        uint64_t offset = 0;
-        uint8_t* data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
-        bool fatal_error = false;
-    };
-
-    struct NumberPatch {
-        std::string dll_name = "";
-        uint64_t data_offset = 0;
-        uint8_t* data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
-        int32_t min;
-        int32_t max;
-        int32_t value;
-        size_t size_in_bytes;
-        bool fatal_error = false;
-    };
-
-    struct PatchData {
-        bool enabled;
-        std::string game_code;
-        int datecode_min = 0;
-        int datecode_max = 0;
-        std::string name, description, caution;
-        std::string name_in_lower_case = "";
-        PatchType type;
-        bool preset;
-        std::vector<MemoryPatch> patches_memory;
-        std::vector<UnionPatch> patches_union;
-        NumberPatch patch_number;
-        PatchStatus last_status;
-        std::string hash;
-        bool unverified = false;
-        std::string peIdentifier;
-        std::string error_reason = "";
-
-        // for union patch only
-        std::string selected_union_name = "";
-    };
-
-    extern std::optional<std::string> PATCH_MANAGER_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE;
-
-    std::string get_game_identifier(const std::filesystem::path& dll_path, bool print_info=false);
-
     class PatchManager : public Window {
     public:
-
-        PatchManager(SpiceOverlay *overlay, bool apply_patches = false);
+        explicit PatchManager(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
         ~PatchManager() override;
 
         void build_content() override;
-        void reload_local_patches(bool apply_patches = false);
-        bool import_remote_patches_to_disk();
-        bool load_from_patches_json(bool apply_patches);
-        bool import_remote_patches_for_dll(const std::string& url, const std::string& dll_name);
-        void hard_apply_patches();
-        void load_embedded_patches(bool apply_patches);
 
     private:
-
-        // configuration
-        static std::filesystem::path config_path;
-        static bool config_dirty;
-        static bool setting_auto_apply;
-        static std::vector<std::string> setting_auto_apply_list;
-        static std::vector<std::string> setting_patches_enabled;
-        static std::map<std::string, std::string> setting_union_patches_enabled;
-        static std::map<std::string, int64_t> setting_int_patches_enabled;
-        static std::string patch_url;
         static std::string patch_name_filter;
 
-        static std::filesystem::path LOCAL_PATCHES_PATH;
-        static std::string ACTIVE_JSON_FILE;
-
-        // patches
-        static std::vector<PatchData> patches;
-        static bool local_patches_initialized;
-
-        // cached sorted view of `patches` for the table, stored as indices so a
-        // stale entry can never dangle if `patches` is rebuilt; rebuilt only when
-        // the sort order changes or the patch list is reloaded (not every frame)
-        static std::vector<size_t> patches_sorted;
-
-        void config_load();
-        void config_save();
-
-        // rebuild the cached sorted view of `patches` from the active table's
-        // sort specs; no-op unless the sort changed or the patch list changed
         void update_sorted_patches();
-
-        void append_patches(
-            std::string &patches_json,
-            bool apply_patches = false,
-            std::function<bool(const PatchData&)> filter = std::function<bool(const PatchData&)>(),
-            std::string pe_identifier_for_patch = "");
-
-        void show_patch_tooltip(const PatchData& patch);
-
-        bool is_game_id_wildcard_matched(const std::string& id_from_config);
+        void show_patch_tooltip(const patcher::PatchData& patch);
     };
-
-    PatchStatus is_patch_active(PatchData &patch);
-    bool apply_patch(PatchData &patch, bool active);
-
-    int64_t parse_little_endian_int(uint8_t* bytes, size_t size);
-    void int_to_little_endian_bytes(int64_t value, uint8_t* bytes, size_t size);
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t>* find_in_dll_map(
-        const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
-    std::vector<uint8_t>* find_in_dll_map_org(
-        const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
-
-    bool restore_bytes_from_dll_map_org(
-        uint8_t* destination, const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
-
-    void create_dll_backup(
-        std::vector<std::filesystem::path>& written_list, const std::filesystem::path& dll_path);
-    std::string fix_up_dll_name(const std::string& dll_name);
-    uint8_t* get_dll_offset_for_patch_apply(
-        const std::string& dll_name, const uint64_t data_offset, const size_t size_in_bytes);
-
-    uint64_t parse_json_data_offset(
-        const std::string &patch_name, const rapidjson::Value &value);
-
-    void print_auto_apply_status(PatchData &patch);
 }

src/spice2x/patcher/config.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#include "internal.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "external/hash-library/sha256.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace patcher {
+
+    bool is_game_id_wildcard_matched(const std::string& id_from_config) {
+        return ((id_from_config.compare(0, 3, avs::game::MODEL) == 0) &&
+                (id_from_config.compare(10, 10, avs::game::EXT) == 0));
+    }
+
+    void config_load() {
+        log_info("patchmanager", "loading config");
+
+        // read config file
+        std::string config = fileutils::text_read(config_path);
+        if (!config.empty()) {
+
+            // parse document
+            Document doc;
+            doc.Parse(config.c_str());
+
+            // check parse error
+            auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+            if (error) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "config file parse error: {}", static_cast<uint32_t>(error));
+            }
+
+            // verify root is a dict
+            if (doc.IsObject()) {
+
+                // read auto apply settings
+                auto auto_apply = doc.FindMember("auto_apply");
+                if (auto_apply != doc.MemberEnd() && auto_apply->value.IsArray()) {
+
+                    // get game id
+                    const auto game_id = avs::game::get_identifier();
+
+                    // iterate entries
+                    setting_auto_apply = false;
+                    setting_auto_apply_list.clear();
+                    for (auto &entry : auto_apply->value.GetArray()) {
+                        if (entry.IsString()) {
+
+                            // check if this is our game identifier
+                            const std::string entry_id = entry.GetString();
+
+                            if (!setting_auto_apply) {
+                                if (game_id == entry_id) {
+                                    // exact match
+                                    setting_auto_apply = true;
+                                    log_misc(
+                                        "patchmanager",
+                                        "matched auto apply entry by full game identifier: {}",
+                                        entry_id);
+
+                                } else if (is_game_id_wildcard_matched(entry_id)) {
+                                    // match on model and ext, ignoring dest/spec/rev
+                                    // sample: LDJ:J:E:A:2025011400
+                                    setting_auto_apply = true;
+                                    log_misc(
+                                        "patchmanager",
+                                        "matched auto apply entry by partial game identifier: {}:?:?:?:{}",
+                                        avs::game::MODEL, avs::game::EXT);
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // move to list
+                            setting_auto_apply_list.emplace_back(entry_id);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!setting_auto_apply) {
+                        log_misc(
+                            "patchmanager",
+                            "no auto apply entry matched, patches will not load automatically");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // read enabled patches
+                auto patches_enabled = doc.FindMember("patches_enabled");
+                if (patches_enabled != doc.MemberEnd() && patches_enabled->value.IsArray()) {
+                    setting_patches_enabled.clear();
+                    for (const auto &patch : patches_enabled->value.GetArray()) {
+                        if (patch.IsString()) {
+                            setting_patches_enabled.emplace_back(std::string(patch.GetString()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // read enabled union patches
+                auto patches_union_enabled = doc.FindMember("union_patches_enabled");
+                if (patches_union_enabled != doc.MemberEnd() && patches_union_enabled->value.IsObject()) {
+                    setting_union_patches_enabled.clear();
+                    for (auto it = patches_union_enabled->value.MemberBegin(); it != patches_union_enabled->value.MemberEnd(); ++it) {
+                        if (it->name.IsString() && it->value.IsString()) {
+                            setting_union_patches_enabled[it->name.GetString()] = it->value.GetString();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // read enabled integer patches
+                auto patches_int_enabled = doc.FindMember("integer_patches_enabled");
+                if (patches_int_enabled != doc.MemberEnd() && patches_int_enabled->value.IsObject()) {
+                    setting_int_patches_enabled.clear();
+                    for (auto it = patches_int_enabled->value.MemberBegin(); it != patches_int_enabled->value.MemberEnd(); ++it) {
+                        if (it->name.IsString() && it->value.IsNumber()) {
+                            setting_int_patches_enabled[it->name.GetString()] = it->value.GetInt();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // read remote patch URLs
+                auto remote_url_history = doc.FindMember("remote_url_history");
+                if (remote_url_history != doc.MemberEnd() && remote_url_history->value.IsArray()) {
+                    url_recents.clear();
+                    for (const auto &url : remote_url_history->value.GetArray()) {
+                        if (url.IsString()) {
+                            url_recents.emplace_back(std::string(url.GetString()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string patch_hash(PatchData &patch) {
+        SHA256 hash;
+        hash.add(patch.game_code.c_str(), patch.game_code.length());
+        if (patch.datecode_min != 0 || patch.datecode_max != 0) {
+            hash.add(&patch.datecode_min, sizeof(patch.datecode_min));
+            hash.add(&patch.datecode_max, sizeof(patch.datecode_max));
+        }
+        if (!patch.peIdentifier.empty()) {
+            hash.add(patch.peIdentifier.c_str(), patch.peIdentifier.length());
+        }
+        hash.add(patch.name.c_str(), patch.name.length());
+        hash.add(patch.description.c_str(), patch.description.length());
+        return hash.getHash();
+    }
+
+    void config_save() {
+
+        // create document
+        Document doc;
+        doc.Parse(
+                "{"
+                "  \"auto_apply\": [],"
+                "  \"patches_enabled\": [],"
+                "  \"union_patches_enabled\": {},"
+                "  \"integer_patches_enabled\": {},"
+                "  \"remote_url_history\": []"
+                "}"
+        );
+
+        // check parse error
+        auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+        if (error) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "template parse error: {}", static_cast<uint32_t>(error));
+        }
+
+        // auto apply setting
+        auto &auto_apply_list = doc["auto_apply"];
+        auto game_id = avs::game::get_identifier();
+        bool game_id_added = false;
+        for (auto &entry : setting_auto_apply_list) {
+            if (entry == game_id || is_game_id_wildcard_matched(entry)) {
+                if (!setting_auto_apply) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                game_id_added = true;
+            }
+            auto_apply_list.PushBack(StringRef(entry.c_str()), doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+        if (setting_auto_apply && !game_id_added) {
+            auto_apply_list.PushBack(StringRef(game_id.c_str()), doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        // get enabled patches
+        auto &doc_patches_enabled = doc["patches_enabled"];
+        auto &doc_union_patches_enable = doc["union_patches_enabled"];
+        auto &doc_int_patches_enable = doc["integer_patches_enabled"];
+        for (auto &patch : patches) {
+            auto hash = patch_hash(patch);
+
+            if (patch.type == PatchType::Union) {
+                // enable hash if known as enabled, overridden and missing from list
+                if (patch.enabled) {
+                    setting_union_patches_enabled[hash] = patch.selected_union_name;
+                } else {
+                    setting_union_patches_enabled.erase(hash);
+                }
+            } else if (patch.type == PatchType::Integer) {
+                if (patch.enabled) {
+                    setting_int_patches_enabled[hash] = patch.patch_number.value;
+                } else {
+                    setting_int_patches_enabled.erase(hash);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // hash patch and find entry
+                auto entry = std::find(setting_patches_enabled.begin(), setting_patches_enabled.end(), hash);
+
+                // enable hash if known as enabled, overridden and missing from list
+                if ((patch.last_status == PatchStatus::Enabled && patch.enabled)
+                    || (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && patch.last_status == PatchStatus::Error && patch.enabled)) {
+                    if (entry == setting_patches_enabled.end()) {
+                        setting_patches_enabled.emplace_back(hash);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // disable hash if patch known as disabled
+                if (patch.last_status == PatchStatus::Disabled
+                    || (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && patch.last_status == PatchStatus::Error && !patch.enabled)) {
+                    if (entry != setting_patches_enabled.end()) {
+                        setting_patches_enabled.erase(entry);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add hashes to document
+        for (auto &hash : setting_patches_enabled) {
+            Value hash_value(hash.c_str(), doc.GetAllocator());
+            doc_patches_enabled.PushBack(hash_value, doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        for (auto& it : setting_union_patches_enabled) {
+            const std::string& key = it.first;
+            const std::string& val = it.second;
+            doc_union_patches_enable.AddMember(StringRef(key.c_str()), StringRef(val.c_str()), doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        for (auto& it : setting_int_patches_enabled) {
+            const std::string& key = it.first;
+            const int32_t& val = it.second;
+            doc_int_patches_enable.AddMember(StringRef(key.c_str()), val, doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        // remote URLs
+        auto &doc_url_history = doc["remote_url_history"];
+        for (auto& url : url_recents) {
+            Value url_value(url.c_str(), doc.GetAllocator());
+            doc_url_history.PushBack(url_value, doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        // build JSON
+        StringBuffer buffer;
+        PrettyWriter<StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+        doc.Accept(writer);
+
+        // save to file
+        if (fileutils::write_config_file("patchmanager", config_path, buffer.GetString())) {
+            config_dirty = false;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to save config file");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/spice2x/patcher/internal.h

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "patch_manager.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "util/nt_loader.h"
+
+namespace patcher {
+
+    // internal engine state (patcher module only)
+    extern std::vector<std::string> setting_auto_apply_list;
+    extern std::vector<std::string> setting_patches_enabled;
+    extern std::map<std::string, std::string> setting_union_patches_enabled;
+    extern std::map<std::string, int64_t> setting_int_patches_enabled;
+    extern std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup> patch_groups;
+    extern std::filesystem::path LOCAL_PATCHES_PATH;
+    extern std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> EXTRA_DLLS;
+    extern bool ldr_registered;
+    extern void *ldr_notify_cookie;
+    extern std::vector<std::string> ldr_target_libraries;
+
+    // internal helpers
+    void append_patches(
+        std::string& patches_json,
+        bool apply_patches = false,
+        std::function<bool(const PatchData&)> filter = std::function<bool(const PatchData&)>(),
+        std::string pe_identifier_for_patch = "");
+    bool is_game_id_wildcard_matched(const std::string& id_from_config);
+    std::string getFromUrl(const std::string& dll_name, const std::string& url);
+    bool load_from_patches_json(bool apply_patches);
+    void load_embedded_patches(bool apply_patches);
+    bool import_remote_patches_for_dll(const std::string& url, const std::string& dll_name);
+    bool is_patch_group_definition(const rapidjson::Value& patch);
+    std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup> parse_patch_group_definitions(
+        const rapidjson::Document& doc);
+    std::string resolve_patch_group_id(
+        const rapidjson::Value& patch,
+        const std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup>& groups,
+        const std::string& game_code,
+        const char *patch_name);
+    void register_patch_group(
+        PatchData& patch,
+        const std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup>& definitions);
+    VOID CALLBACK loader_notification(ULONG reason, PCLDR_DLL_NOTIFICATION_DATA data, PVOID context);
+
+    std::string patch_hash(PatchData& patch);
+    void clear_dll_maps();
+
+    int64_t parse_little_endian_int(uint8_t *bytes, size_t size);
+    void int_to_little_endian_bytes(int64_t value, uint8_t *bytes, size_t size);
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> *find_in_dll_map(
+        const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> *find_in_dll_map_org(
+        const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
+
+    bool restore_bytes_from_dll_map_org(
+        uint8_t *destination, const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
+
+    void create_dll_backup(
+        std::vector<std::filesystem::path>& written_list, const std::filesystem::path& dll_path);
+    std::string fix_up_dll_name(const std::string& dll_name);
+    uint8_t *get_dll_offset_for_patch_apply(
+        const std::string& dll_name, uint64_t data_offset, size_t size_in_bytes);
+
+    uint64_t parse_json_data_offset(
+        const std::string& patch_name, const rapidjson::Value& value);
+
+    void print_auto_apply_status(PatchData& patch);
+}

src/spice2x/patcher/lifecycle.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include "internal.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+namespace patcher {
+
+    std::optional<std::string> PATCH_MANAGER_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE;
+
+    std::filesystem::path config_path;
+    bool config_dirty = false;
+    bool setting_auto_apply = false;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> setting_auto_apply_list;
+    std::vector<std::string> setting_patches_enabled;
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> setting_union_patches_enabled;
+    std::map<std::string, int64_t> setting_int_patches_enabled;
+
+    std::string patch_url;
+
+    std::filesystem::path LOCAL_PATCHES_PATH("patches");
+    std::string ACTIVE_JSON_FILE;
+
+    std::vector<PatchData> patches;
+    bool local_patches_initialized = false;
+    std::vector<size_t> patches_sorted;
+    std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup> patch_groups;
+    std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> EXTRA_DLLS = {
+        {"jubeat.dll", {"music_db.dll", "coin.dll"}},
+        {"arkmdxp3.dll", {"gamemdx.dll"}},
+        {"arkmdxp4.dll", {"gamemdx.dll"}},
+        {"arkmdxbio2.dll", {"gamemdx.dll"}},
+        {"arkndd.dll", {"gamendd.dll"}},
+        {"arkkep.dll", {"game.dll"}},
+        {"arkjc9.dll", {"gamejc9.dll"}},
+        {"arkkdm.dll", {"gamekdm.dll"}},
+        {"arkmmd.dll", {"gamemmd.dll"}},
+        {"arkklp.dll", {"lpac.dll"}},
+        {"arknck.dll", {"weac.dll"}},
+        {"gdxg.dll", {"game.dll", "libshare-pj.dll", "boot.dll"}}
+    };
+
+    std::string url_fetch_errors;
+    size_t url_recent_idx = -1;
+    std::vector<std::string> url_recents;
+
+    bool ldr_registered = false;
+    void *ldr_notify_cookie = nullptr;
+    std::vector<std::string> ldr_target_libraries;
+
+    void init() {
+        if (PATCH_MANAGER_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE.has_value()) {
+            config_path = PATCH_MANAGER_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE.value();
+            log_info("patchmanager", "using custom config file path: {}", config_path);
+        } else {
+            config_path =
+                fileutils::get_config_file_path("patchmanager", "spicetools_patch_manager.json");
+        }
+
+        // register for DLL load notifications so patches can be (re)applied as
+        // the game's target libraries come into memory. registration happens
+        // once and is left in place for the lifetime of the process.
+        if (!ldr_registered) {
+            ldr_target_libraries = getExtraDlls(avs::game::DLL_NAME);
+            ldr_target_libraries.push_back(avs::game::DLL_NAME);
+
+            const auto register_fn = reinterpret_cast<decltype(&LdrRegisterDllNotification)>(
+                GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), "LdrRegisterDllNotification"));
+
+            if (register_fn && NT_SUCCESS(register_fn(
+                    0, &loader_notification, nullptr, &ldr_notify_cookie))) {
+                log_info("patchmanager", "registered for DLL load notifications");
+            } else {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to register for DLL load notifications");
+            }
+
+            ldr_registered = true;
+        }
+
+        if (!local_patches_initialized) {
+            patch_url.clear();
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(config_path)) {
+                config_load();
+            }
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                reload_local_patches(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void apply_patches_on_start() {
+        if (!local_patches_initialized) {
+            reload_local_patches(true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    VOID CALLBACK loader_notification(
+        ULONG reason,
+        PCLDR_DLL_NOTIFICATION_DATA data,
+        PVOID) {
+
+        if (reason == LDR_DLL_NOTIFICATION_REASON_LOADED) {
+            const auto dll = strtolower(std::filesystem::path({
+                data->Loaded.FullDllName->Buffer,
+                data->Loaded.FullDllName->Length / sizeof(wchar_t)
+            }).filename().string());
+
+            if (std::ranges::find(ldr_target_libraries, dll) != ldr_target_libraries.end()) {
+                reload_local_patches(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/spice2x/patcher/loader_group.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#include "internal.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+namespace patcher {
+
+    static std::pair<std::string, std::string> make_patch_group_key(
+        const std::string& game_code,
+        const std::string& group_id) {
+        return {strtolower(game_code), group_id};
+    }
+
+    static bool has_embedded_null(const rapidjson::Value& value) {
+        return strlen(value.GetString()) != value.GetStringLength();
+    }
+
+    bool is_patch_group_definition(const rapidjson::Value& patch) {
+        if (!patch.IsObject()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto type_it = patch.FindMember("type");
+        return type_it != patch.MemberEnd()
+            && type_it->value.IsString()
+            && type_it->value.GetStringLength() == strlen("group")
+            && !_stricmp(type_it->value.GetString(), "group");
+    }
+
+    std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup> parse_patch_group_definitions(
+        const rapidjson::Document& doc) {
+        std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup> groups;
+
+        for (const auto& patch : doc.GetArray()) {
+            if (!is_patch_group_definition(patch)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto id_it = patch.FindMember("id");
+            const auto game_code_it = patch.FindMember("gameCode");
+            const auto name_it = patch.FindMember("name");
+            if (id_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !id_it->value.IsString()
+                || id_it->value.GetStringLength() == 0
+                || has_embedded_null(id_it->value)
+                || game_code_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !game_code_it->value.IsString()
+                || game_code_it->value.GetStringLength() == 0
+                || has_embedded_null(game_code_it->value)
+                || name_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !name_it->value.IsString()
+                || name_it->value.GetStringLength() == 0
+                || has_embedded_null(name_it->value)) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid patch group definition");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            PatchGroup group;
+            group.name.assign(name_it->value.GetString(), name_it->value.GetStringLength());
+            group.name_in_lower_case = strtolower(group.name);
+
+            const std::string group_id(
+                id_it->value.GetString(),
+                id_it->value.GetStringLength());
+
+            const auto description_it = patch.FindMember("description");
+            if (description_it != patch.MemberEnd()) {
+                if (!description_it->value.IsString()
+                    || has_embedded_null(description_it->value)) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid description for patch group {}", group_id);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                group.description.assign(
+                    description_it->value.GetString(),
+                    description_it->value.GetStringLength());
+            }
+
+            const auto caution_it = patch.FindMember("caution");
+            if (caution_it != patch.MemberEnd()) {
+                if (!caution_it->value.IsString() || has_embedded_null(caution_it->value)) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid caution for patch group {}", group_id);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                group.caution.assign(
+                    caution_it->value.GetString(),
+                    caution_it->value.GetStringLength());
+            }
+
+            const std::string game_code(
+                game_code_it->value.GetString(),
+                game_code_it->value.GetStringLength());
+            if (!groups.emplace(
+                    make_patch_group_key(game_code, group_id),
+                    std::move(group)).second) {
+                log_warning(
+                    "patchmanager",
+                    "duplicate patch group definition for {}/{}, ignoring duplicate",
+                    game_code,
+                    group_id);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return groups;
+    }
+
+    static const PatchGroup* find_patch_group(
+        const std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup>& groups,
+        const std::string& game_code,
+        const std::string& group_id) {
+        const auto group = groups.find(make_patch_group_key(game_code, group_id));
+        return group == groups.end() ? nullptr : &group->second;
+    }
+
+    const PatchGroup* find_patch_group(const PatchData& patch) {
+        return find_patch_group(patch_groups, patch.game_code, patch.group_id);
+    }
+
+    std::string resolve_patch_group_id(
+        const rapidjson::Value& patch,
+        const std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup>& groups,
+        const std::string& game_code,
+        const char *patch_name) {
+        const auto group_it = patch.FindMember("group");
+        if (group_it == patch.MemberEnd()) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        if (!group_it->value.IsString()
+            || group_it->value.GetStringLength() == 0
+            || has_embedded_null(group_it->value)) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid group reference for {}", patch_name);
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        const std::string group_id(
+            group_it->value.GetString(),
+            group_it->value.GetStringLength());
+        if (!find_patch_group(groups, game_code, group_id)) {
+            log_warning(
+                "patchmanager",
+                "unknown patch group {}/{} referenced by {}",
+                game_code,
+                group_id,
+                patch_name);
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        return group_id;
+    }
+
+    void register_patch_group(
+        PatchData& patch,
+        const std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, PatchGroup>& definitions) {
+        if (patch.group_id.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const auto *definition = find_patch_group(
+            definitions,
+            patch.game_code,
+            patch.group_id);
+        if (!definition) {
+            patch.group_id.clear();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const auto key = make_patch_group_key(patch.game_code, patch.group_id);
+        const auto [existing, inserted] = patch_groups.emplace(key, *definition);
+        if (!inserted
+            && (existing->second.name != definition->name
+                || existing->second.description != definition->description
+                || existing->second.caution != definition->caution)) {
+            log_warning(
+                "patchmanager",
+                "conflicting group metadata for {}/{}, ignoring group on {}",
+                patch.game_code,
+                patch.group_id,
+                patch.name);
+            patch.group_id.clear();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/spice2x/patcher/patch_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace patcher {
+
+    enum class PatchType {
+        Unknown,
+        Memory,
+        Signature,
+        Union,
+        Integer,
+    };
+
+    enum class PatchStatus {
+        Error,
+        Disabled,
+        Enabled,
+    };
+
+    enum class PatchUrlStatus {
+        Valid,
+        Invalid,
+        Unapplied,
+        ValidButNoData,
+        Partial,
+    };
+
+    struct MemoryPatch {
+        std::string dll_name = "";
+        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_disabled = nullptr;
+        size_t data_disabled_len = 0;
+        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_enabled = nullptr;
+        size_t data_enabled_len = 0;
+        uint64_t data_offset = 0;
+        uint8_t *data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
+        bool fatal_error = false;
+    };
+
+    struct PatchData;
+    struct SignaturePatch {
+        std::string dll_name = "";
+        std::string signature = "", replacement = "";
+        uint64_t offset = 0;
+        int64_t usage = 0;
+
+        MemoryPatch to_memory(PatchData *patch);
+    };
+
+    struct UnionPatch {
+        std::string name = "";
+        std::string dll_name = "";
+        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data = nullptr;
+        size_t data_len = 0;
+        uint64_t offset = 0;
+        uint8_t *data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
+        bool fatal_error = false;
+    };
+
+    struct NumberPatch {
+        std::string dll_name = "";
+        uint64_t data_offset = 0;
+        uint8_t *data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
+        int32_t min;
+        int32_t max;
+        int32_t value;
+        size_t size_in_bytes;
+        bool fatal_error = false;
+    };
+
+    struct PatchGroup {
+        std::string name;
+        std::string description;
+        std::string caution;
+        std::string name_in_lower_case;
+    };
+
+    struct PatchData {
+        bool enabled;
+        std::string game_code;
+        int datecode_min = 0;
+        int datecode_max = 0;
+        std::string name, description, caution;
+        std::string name_in_lower_case = "";
+        PatchType type;
+        bool preset;
+        std::vector<MemoryPatch> patches_memory;
+        std::vector<UnionPatch> patches_union;
+        NumberPatch patch_number;
+        std::string group_id;
+        PatchStatus last_status;
+        std::string hash;
+        bool unverified = false;
+        std::string peIdentifier;
+        std::string error_reason = "";
+
+        // for union patch only
+        std::string selected_union_name = "";
+    };
+
+    extern std::optional<std::string> PATCH_MANAGER_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE;
+
+    std::string get_game_identifier(const std::filesystem::path& dll_path, bool print_info = false);
+
+    // lifecycle: init() sets up the config path and registers for DLL-load
+    // notifications; apply_patches_on_start() applies auto-apply patches once the
+    // game DLL is loaded. both are safe to call repeatedly.
+    void init();
+    void apply_patches_on_start();
+
+    // patch load / apply operations (also driven by the overlay window)
+    void reload_local_patches(bool apply_patches = false);
+    bool import_remote_patches_to_disk();
+    void hard_apply_patches();
+    void config_load();
+    void config_save();
+    std::vector<std::string> getExtraDlls(const std::string& firstDll);
+
+    // process-wide patch engine state, rendered and edited by the overlay window
+    extern std::filesystem::path config_path;
+    extern bool config_dirty;
+    extern bool setting_auto_apply;
+    extern std::string patch_url;
+    extern std::string ACTIVE_JSON_FILE;
+    extern std::vector<PatchData> patches;
+    extern bool local_patches_initialized;
+    extern std::vector<size_t> patches_sorted;
+    extern std::string url_fetch_errors;
+    extern size_t url_recent_idx;
+    extern std::vector<std::string> url_recents;
+
+    PatchStatus is_patch_active(PatchData& patch);
+    bool apply_patch(PatchData& patch, bool active);
+    const PatchGroup* find_patch_group(const PatchData& patch);
+
+    std::string displayPath(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+}